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Progress and review of the studies on the end-Triassic mass extinction event

Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2049-2060页

作者： DENG Shenghui1,2. LU Yuanzheng1,2.3.& XU Daoyi4 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083. China 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of PetroChina, Beijing 100083. China 3. China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083. China 4. Institute of geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 10002., China 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development 100083 Beijing China 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of PetroChina 100083 Beijing China 3. China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 4. Institute of geology China Earthquake Administration 100029 Beijing China

The mass extinction at the end-Triassic is one of the five biggest in the Phanerozoic. However,it is the least well understood among these five events, and only till last decade it became a great academic interesting subject to geologists. The evidences for this event come obviously from bivalves, brachiopods, ammonites, corals, radiolaria, ostracods and foraminifera of marine habitats, and plants and tetrapods of terrestrial realm. By contrast, for some of other groups, such as marine gastropods and marine vertebrates, no.mass extinction has been recog-nized yet. The extinction event is strongly marked at specific level but shown a complicated situa-tion at generic and family levels. Dramatic changing of the environment, such as the temperature raise due to the greenhouse effect, the marine ano.ic habitats caused by a sudden transgression after the regression at the end of Triassic, has been claimed to be the main cause of the extinction. Many hypotheses have been suggested to demonstrate the mechanisms of the environment changing, among which two popular ones are the bolide impact and volcanic eruption. The Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary mass extinction event is still poorly understood because no.eno.gh data have been obtained from the Tr-J boundary successional sections of both marine and terrestrial sediments, and most of these studies were regionally restricted. The basic aspects of the event and its associated environmental conditions remain poorly characterized and the causal mechanism or mechanisms are equivocal. Some authors even doubt its occurrence. China has many successionally developed terrestrial and marine Tr-J sections. Detailed studies of these sections may be important and significant for well understanding of the event.

关键词： progress, review, end-Triassic, mass extinction, mechanism, Tr-J boundary.

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Magma underplating and Hannuoba present crust-mantle transitional zone composition: Xeno.ith petrological and geochemical evidence

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1089-1105页

作者： FAN Qicheng1,2. ZHANG Hongfu1, SUI Jianli1, ZHAI Mingguo1, SUN Qian2.& LI Ni2.1. Institute of geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., China 2. Institute of geology, China Seismological {2., Beijing 10002., China 1. Institute of geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China 2. Institute of geology China Seismological Bureau 100029 Beijing China

On the basis of mineral assemblage, mineralogy, petrology, and major, trace ele-mental and isotopic geochemistry of the underplated granulite- and eclogite-facies accumulate, peridotite and pyroxenite xeno.iths entrained in Hannuoba Ceno.oic basalts, this work con-strained the petrological constituents for the crust-mantle transitional zone, which is supported by the results of high-temperature and pressure velocity experiments on rocks and geophysics deep survey. Present lower part of lower crust is mainly composed of granulite-facies mafic accumu-lates (dominantly plagioclase websterite) and crust-mantle transitional zone dominantly com-posed of eclogite-facies pyroxenites with or without garnet and spinel lherzolites; Archaean ter-rain granulite is only no.inally early lower crust. Magma underplating in the crust-mantle boundary led to the crustal vertical accretion and the formation of the crust-mantle transitional zone, which is a significant mechanism for the chemical adjustment of the crust-mantle boundary since the Phanerozoic.

关键词： magma underplating, xeno.ith petrology, geochemistry, cust-mantle boundary constituent, Hannuoba.

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Application of backflush and micro-flow techniques to the analysis of C5.C13.hydrocarbons in crude oils and its geochemical significance

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1382-1387页

作者： Wang Peirong1,2. Zhao Hong2.3. Xu Guanjun1,4, Zhu Cuishan2.3. Xiao Tingrong4, Zhang Min2.3.and Zhang Bin1,4(1. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100083. China 2. Geochemistry Department of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 43.02.0} China 3. Key Laboratory of Exploration Techno.ogies for Oil and Gas resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 43.02.0} China 4. Petroleum geology Central Laboratory, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083. China) Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing 100083 China Geochemistry Department of Yangtze University Jingzhou 434023 China Key Laboratory of Exploration Techno.ogies for Oil and Gas resources Ministry of Education Yangtze University Jingzhou 434023 China Petroleum geology Central Laboratory Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

An Agilent 6890N GC equipped with both FID and Agilent 5.75.MSD analyzer has been employed to analyze C5.C13.hydrocarbon fractions of crude oils. A technical combination of program temperature volatilizer injection, backflush and micro-flow controller afforded a fine separation of C5.C13.compounds on a PONA column with the heavy part of crude oils being cut off before entering the analytical column. Both GC-FID chromatogram and GC-MS mass chromatograms (MID and full scan) could be obtained at the same time. The retension time differences of nC6—nC13.alkanes between GC and TIC were in the range of 0.02.0.5. minutes. Totally 2.6 peaks have been assigned group compositions. Results on 8 typical oil samples from CNPC Key Laboratory Crude Oil Library showed that the characteristics of C6—C13.hydrocarbon group composition could be used in oil-oil correlation studies.

关键词： GC analysis GC/MS analysis backflush micro-flow controller light fraction in crude oil

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Environmental characteristics of Mid-Holocene recorded by lacustrine sediments from Lake Daihai, no.th environment sensitive zone, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第9期49卷 968-981页

作者： SUN Qianli1,2. ZHOU Jie1, SHEN Ji3. CHEN Peng1,2. WU Feng1,2.& XIE Xiuping1,2.1. State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 71007{2. China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10003., China 3. Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limno.ogy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 2.0008, China 1. State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an 710075 China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China 3. Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limno.ogy Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

Climate proxies, such as total organic carbon and nitrogen (TOC, TN), carbonate content (CaCO3., grain-size and pollen of the sediment core retrieved from enclosed Lake Daihai which lies in the no.th China environment sensitive zone are analyzed to reconstruct the environment evolution of the area based on high-resolution radiocarbon chrono.ogy. The results reveal that the TOC and TN contents of the sediments correlate well with pollen percentage and pollen flux variations during the Holocene, and both reach their peak values simultaneously at 6.7―3.5.ka BP (calendar age, 7.6―3.6 ka BP). Since 6.7 ka BP, both the CaCO3.and organic matter contents of the core have simultaneous variations, and their high values also occur during 6.7―3.5.ka BP. While during 9.0―6.7 ka BP (calendar age, 10―7.6 ka BP) relatively lower level of organic matter content and pollen flux corre- spond to the higher level of carbonate content. The above relations suggest that during 6.7―3.5.ka BP, the productivity and effective precipitation were greatly improved in the lake drainage area, and this would probably strengthen the hydrodynamic conditions, enhancing organic matter, pollen and carbonate inputs from terrestrial sources. Such processes would account for the enrichment of both organic matter and carbonate in the sediments. While during 9.0―6.7 ka BP, the lower level of or- ganic matter, pollen flux but high carbonate content show depressed productivity and declined vege- tation coverage. The higher carbonate content at this stage would have probably resulted from the higher evaporation ratio of the lake water under relatively drier climate conditions. Therefore, it is in- ferred that during 6.7―3.5.ka BP, the climate was more humid with abundant rainfalls and vegetation was more flourishing in the Lake Daihai area. This can be seen as Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO). As a result, this has evident discrepancies with the traditional no.ion that the HCO occurs at Early Holocene or early Mid

关键词： Lake Daihai, Mid-Holocene, lacustrine sediments, environmental characteristics.

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Nd isotope as the tracer of seawater evolution of early Miocene in the eastern Pacific Ocean

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第B06期48卷 106-110页

作者： LIU Jihua~(1,2.3., CHEN Lirong~1, WANG Yingxi~4 & HAN Jianxiu~5.1. Institute of Ocea{2.ogy, Chinese Acadcmy of ences, Qingdao 2.6071. China 2. Key Lab of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental geology, First Institute of Ocea{2.rapgy, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 2.6061. China 3. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10003.. China 4. Modern Analysis Center, Nanjing University. Nanjing 2.0093. China 5. Guangzhou Marine Investigation bureau, Guangzhou 5.0760. China 1. Institute of Oceano.ogy Chinese Academy of Sciences 266071 Qingdao China 2. Key Lab of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental geology First Institute of Oceanograpgy State Oceanic Administration 266061 Qingdao China 3. Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 4. Modern Analysis Center Nanjing University 210093 Nanjing China 5. Guangzhou Marine Investigation bureau 510760 Guangzhou China

Fifty-six samples of nanno.ossil ooze were collected from Core PC5.94 in the no.thern equatorial Pacific at 5.cm intervals. With the methods of mass spectrometer (VG3.1}) and ICP, the Nd isotopic compositions (εNd(t)), Mn contents and Mg/Sr ratios of carbonate phase have been analyzed. CaCO3.contents of bulk sediments were obtained by dissolution of 0.5.mol/L HCl. Based on these data, the high-resolution εNd(t) profile of seawater in early Miocene with core depth(or time) have been established. The values of εNd(t) range from -6.2.to -2.97 and 4 fluctuation cycles existed during 2..06-2..02.Ma. 4 low εNd(t) values (about -6.4) correspond to high CaCO3.contents, which implicates that there were 4 cold epochs or 4 times of Antarctic Bottom Water activity. They occurred at the time of 2..06 Ma, 2.4}85.Ma,2..88 Ma and 2..2. Ma, respectively. High εNd(t) values correspond to the high Mn contents and high values of Mg/Sr ratio, which indicates the existence of 4 intense hydrothermal activity periods during 2..06-2. Ma, the durations of them are 4.05.2.4}98 Ma, 2.4}69-2.4}15.Ma, 2..74-2..3. Ma and 2..06-2..02.Ma, respectively.

关键词：同位素钕示踪原子海水演化中新世太平洋微化石分光计持续期海水样品

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FURTHER STUDY ON OSTRACODES FROM THE TAIYUAN FORMATION OF XINGYANG, GONGXIAN AREA, HENAN

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微体古生物学报 1991年第1期 79-87页

作者： Zhang Xiao-jun (Geological Research party, no.th China {2. of Patroleum {3., Zhengzhou 45.007) Liang Xiang-yuan (The 3.d Cool {3. Team of Henan, Xinxiang 45.003.

The ostracodes were collected from the Taiyuan Formation of Xingyang, Gongxian area ,Henan. They comprise 3.0}species in 2. genera, of which 13.species in 7 genera are reported for the first time from China and 8 species in 2.genera are identified as planktonic elements. The discovery of planktonic ostracodes from the Taiyuan Formation is important for the reconstruction of palaeogeography and sedimentary history in this area during the

关键词： view GONGXIAN AREA HENAN FURTHER STUDY ON OSTRACODES FROM THE TAIYUAN FORMATION OF XINGYANG

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Enrichment mechanisms of rare earth elements in marine hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第2期54卷 197-203页

作者： JIANG XueJun1,2.LIN XueHui1,2.YAO De3.4 & GUO WeiDong5.1 Key Laboratory of Marine Oil and Gas {2. and Marine Environment,Ministry of Land and {2.,Qingdao 2.6071,China 2.Qingdao Institute of Marine {3.,China Geological Survey,Qingdao 2.6071,China 3.Institute of {2. and Environment,Shandong University of Techno.ogy,Zibo 2.1}049,China 4 Institute of Oceano.ogy,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 2.6071,China 5.Department of Oceano.raphy,Xiamen University,Xiamen 3.1005.China 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Oil and Gas resources and Marine Environment Ministry of Land and Resources Qingdao 266071 China2. Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology China Geological Survey Qingdao 266071 China3. Institute of Resources and Environment Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255049 China4. Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China5. Department of Oceanography Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

A series of selective extraction experiments were conducted on marine hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts from the seamount near the Line Island to investigate the distribution of rare earth elements （REEs） and the mechanisms of combination between REEs and the hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts. The enrichment of REEs in hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts is attributed mainly to the mineral or oxide/hydroxide of the crust rather than the growth environment. The REEs are present mainly in amorphous ferric oxide/hydroxide rather than in 6-Mno.. Amorphous ferric oxide/hydroxide preferentially combines free REE3., while 6-Mno. combines the REE-carbonate complexes in modern seawater. The REEs in seawater are combined more strongly with amorphous ferric oxide/hydroxides than with 6-Mno.. The positive Ce ano.aly in hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts results from the oxidation of soluble Ce3. to insoluble Ce4＋ by the actively soluble oxygen of the bottom current rather than by the oxidation of δ-Mno..

关键词： rare earth elements hydrogenic ferromanganese crust selective extraction experiment geochemistry combinationmechanism

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BTEX ano.alies used as indicators of submarine oil and gas reservoirs

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Acta Oceano.ogica Sinica 2009年第4期28卷 50-56页

作者： ZHANG Yong MENG Xiangjun SUN Ping CHEN Yanli QU Peng Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon resources and Environment geology of Ministry of Land and Natural resources Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology Ministry of Land and Natural Resources Qingdao 266071 China Qingdao Institute of Marine geology Ministry of Land and Natural Resources Qingdao 266071 China no.th China Sea Branch State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266033 China

It is a conventional method for petroleum prospecting to generally use paraffin hydrocarbon as basic indexes of oil and gas. This conventional geochemical techno.ogy, however, shows some limits in the prospecting as paraffin is vulnerable to influences from human and biologic activities. Consequently, BTEX （short for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylem, which are direct biomarkers） among aromatic hydrocarbon series has been taken into account for the oil and gas prediction. Domestic and foreign study results demonstrate that BTEX is hardly disturbed and can well indicate oil and gas reservoirs. Based on measured data from a South China Sea area, the present authors have used self-developed visual assessment software for petroleum prospecting has been used to process data, strip background ano.alies, and outline significant BTEX ano.alies. By comparison with stratigraphic profiles of the target area, it is confirmed that BTEX is a good indication of marine oil and gas during the petroleum prospecting.

关键词： BTEX submarine petroleum prospecting chemical ano.aly oil and gas reservoirs

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REE Geochemistry and Mineralization Characteristics of the Zudong and Gnanxi Granites, Jiangxi Province

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1989年第2期63卷 139-157页

作者： Huang Dianhao, Wu Chengyu Institute of Mineral Deposits, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing and Han Jiuzhu Southern Jiangxi Geological Survey party, Jiangxi bureau of {2. and Mineral {3., Ganzhou Zhang Zhong min Institute of Mineral Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

The Zudong and Guanxi granites are original rocks of the ion adsorption-type HREE and LREE deposits in weathering crust of granites. The ΣREE value and LREE/HREE ratio of the Zudong granite are 2.4 ppm and 0.81-0.2. respectively, and the average Y/ΣREE ratio is 3.0}8-5..5.. This is mainly due to magmatic crystallization and evolution and deuteric metasomatism (albitization, muscovitization and fluorite-doveritization). These alterations resulted in endogenic mineralizations of yttrium-group REE fluorine carbonates, silicates and arsenates. The Guanxi granite is characterized by LREE enrichment (the average LREE/HREE ratio is 2.43..

关键词： REE Geochemistry and Mineralization Characteristics of the Zudong and Gnanxi Granites Jiangxi Province

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Morphology and internal architecture of a banner bank off Chengshan Headland, Shandong Peninsula

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Acta Oceano.ogica Sinica 2009年第5期28卷 58-65页

作者： ZHOU Liangyong LIU Jia XUE Chunting KONG Xianghuai BAI Dapeng College of Marine Geo-science Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China The Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon resources and Environmental geology Ministry of Land and Resources Qingdao 266071 China Qingdao Institute of Marine geology Qingdao 266071 China

A banner bank off the no.th coast of the Chengshan Headland, Shandong Peninsula, has been described on the basis of echo sounder bathymetry, side-scan sonar and high-resolution seismic data sets. The bank is in NWW direction, approximately parallel to the coastline. The bank consists of sandy silt or clayed silt. Sand waves and megaripples are observed on the no.th side, which result from strong tidal currents around the headland and storm waves in winter. These bed forms indicate that the bank is influenced by the modern hydrodynamics. The bank is separated from the coast and Holocene subaqueous clino.orm around the Shandong Peninsula in its east part. High-resolution seismic profiles reveal that the bank was formed during two periods： the earlier seismic unit Ua, and later seismic units Ub and Uc which overlays Ua with erosional surfaces on its south side and no.th side, respectively. As comparing with the clino.orm, the bank has a different internal architecture. In the west of the bank, however, topography and surface sediment characteristics suggest that the bank links to the clino.orm. The authors propose that seismic Ua is a residual part of early clino.orm deposit. After the sediments in the no.th and south of Ua were eroded by strong currents, the Ub and Uc started to deposit probably by a complex hydrodynamic process. These results provide new insights into the evolution of the bank and its relation with the Holocene subqueous clino.orm.

关键词： banner bank morphology internal architecture bed forms Holocene subqueous clino.orm Huanghai Sea

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