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Origin of the Red Earth sequence on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and its implications for regional aridity since the middle Miocene

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第5期49卷 505-517页

作者： WANG Xianyan1,7, LU Huayu1,2, JI Junfeg3, WANG Xiaoyong1,7, ZHAO Jingbo4, HUANG Baochun5.& LI Zhen6 1. SKLLQG, institute of Earth Environment, chinese academy of sciences, Xi’an 710075. china 2. Department of Urban and Resources sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, china 3. Department of Earth sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, china 4. Department of Geography, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, china 5. institute of geology and geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 6 Department of Geography, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, china 7. Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, china SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Department of Urban and Resources sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Earth sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Geography Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an China institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Geography Qinghai Normal University Xining China

The Red Earth deposit around Xining, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, has beenstudied in terms of soil micro-structure, grain-size distribution, major- and trace-elementchemistry and magne-tostratigraphy. Field investigations indicate that the Red Earth sequenceconsists of 25.visually definable yellow-brown and weakly-developed soils interbedded with reddishstrongly-developed soils, and has a similar structure to the aeolian Red Clay deposit on the chineseLoess Plateau. Grain-size analysis shows that the Red Earth deposit is very fine-grained with anegligible sand fraction ( > 63 μm). Thin-section observations under light microscopy show that thedeposit has a clayey texture and the coarse fraction ( > 10 μm) mainly consists of quartz,feldspar and micas. Pyroxene and hornblende were also observed. This mineralogical composition ofthe coarse fraction is similar to that of the Quaternary loess. In addition, all of the mineralgrains are semi angular semi-angular and are generally finer than 63 μm. There is a good agreementbetween the major and minor trace element chemistry of loess-soil units and the Red Earth *** REE distributions of the loess-soil and the Red Earth deposit are similar in shape, withenriched LREE and fairly flat HREE profiles and a clear negative Eu anomaly. The geochemicalcharacteristics of the Red Earth deposit are also identical to those of upper continental crust,thus indicating a wind-blown origin. Magnetostratigraphic investigation shows that onset of the RedEarth deposition predates 11.4 Ma BP (13.6 Ma at a nearby site). The distribution of the reportedMiocene aeolian loess at Qin''an of the Loess Plateau is still unknown. Our results indicate thatthis aeolian deposit had extended to the northeastern Tibetan Plateau by at least the middleMiocene. The similarity of the element geochemistry between the Red Earth deposit and the overlyingloess shows that they may have similar sources and dynamic transport system, and may indicate thatthe

关键词： Red Earth deposit, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, aeolian deposit, aridity of Asia, the middle Miocene.

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Uncertainty in magnetic activity indices

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2008年第10期51卷 1659-1664页

作者： XU WenYao institute of geology and geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029,{5. institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Magnetic activity indices are widely used in theoretical studies of solar-terrestrial coupling and space weather prediction. However, the indices suffer from various uncertainties, which limit their application and even mislead to incorrect conclu-sion. In this paper we analyze three most popular indices, Kp, AE and Dst. Three categories of uncertainties in magnetic indices are discussed: "data uncertainty" originating from inadequate data processing, "station uncertainty" caused by in-complete station covering, and "physical uncertainty" stemming from unclear physical mechanism. A comparison between magnetic disturbances and related indices indicate that the residual Sq will cause an uncertainty of 1―2 in K meas-urement, the uncertainty in saturated AE is as much as 5.%, and the uncertainty in Dst index caused by the partial ring currents is about a half of the partial ring cur-rent.

关键词： magnetic activity indices Kp AE Dst solar-terrestrial coupling space weather

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Landscape evolution and precipitation changes in the Badain Jaran Desert during the last 30 000 years

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chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第11期45卷 1042-1047页

作者： YANG Xiaopinginstitute of geology and geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029,{5. institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

On the basis of field expeditions into different parts of the Badain Jaran Desert, new evidence of landscape evolution and precipitation changes during the last 30 000 years has been found from the geomorphological, sedimentological and geochronological studies of the megadune. Different cemented surfaces of palaeo-dunes have been observed in many localities, which are representatives of relatively moister environment. The chronological data show that four periods of more humid environment occurred in the past 30 000 years. The stabilization of dunes in a large scale and the existence of many palaeo-lakes and lacustrine terraces confirm the periodic fluctuations of climate. It implies that the intensity of westerlies and Eastasian monsoons varied in the region of Alashan, and the periods of higher precipitation took place even in the times close to the last glacial maximum.

关键词： desert palaeo-dune lake global change Badain Jaran.

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Indosinian Foreland Fold-and-Thrust Belt Bordering Yunnan and Guangxi, china

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2001年第4期75卷 391-397页

作者： WU Genyao institute of geology and geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029 chinese Acad Sci Inst Geol & Geophys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

Recent discoveries of ophiolites indicate that there must be a Palaeotethyan geosuture zone bordering china and Vietnam, which separates the Vietbac block from the South china subcontinent. The Indosinian foreland fold-and-thrust belt bordering Yunnan and Guangxi provided further evidence for the palaeotethysides. The oceanic crust was subducted southwestwards while the magmatic arc migrated northeastwards, and the continent-arc collision occurred in the Late Triassic with the thrusting being extended towards the north or northeast. The features of thrust-nappe structure are discussed, which proved the continental margin of the Palaeotethyan ocean there to be a complicated one. A face-to-face collision occurred first along the NW-striking segment and then along the ENE-striking segment accompanied by transpression or oblique thrusting occurring along the NW-striking one.

关键词： thrust-nappe structure foreland fold-and-thrust belt palaeotethysides border between Yunnan and Guangxi

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Fossil bacteria in Xuanlong iron ore deposits of Hebei Province

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Science china Earth sciences 2004年第4期47卷 347-356页

作者： DAI Yongding, SONG Haiming & SHEN Jiying institute of geology and geophysics, chinese academy of sciences,beijing {5., china institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Discovered in Early Proterozoic Xuanlong iron ore deposits are six genera of fossil iron bacteria, i. e. sphere (coenobium of) rod-shaped (monomer) Naumanniella, ellipsoid elliptical Ochrobium,sphere spherical Siderocapsa and chain spherical Siderococcus, chain rod-shaped Leptothrix and Lieskeella, and six genera of fossil blue bacteria, namely sphere spherical Gloeocapsa, Synechocystis and Globobacter, chain spherical Anabaena and Nostoc, and con-strictive septate tubular Nodularia. The biomineralized monomers and coenobia of the two cate-gories of bacteria, together with hematite plates made up the bacteria pelletal, bacteria silky, bacteria fibrous and clasty bacteria pelletal textural lamina. The bacteria pelletal laminae com-bined with other bacteria laminae to make up oncolite, stromatolite and laminate. The precipita-tion of iron oxide was accelerated due to iron and blue bacteria cohabiting on microbial film or mat. The Xuanlong iron ore deposits are microbial binding ore deposits of ocean source.

关键词： iron and blue bacteria, bacteria textural lamina, microbial ore deposits, Late Early Proterozoic.

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Reinterpretation of the Guangxian Orogeny

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chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第13期45卷 1244-1248页

作者： WU Haoruoinstitute of geology and geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029,{5. institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The Guangxian Orogeny, as an important concept on geology of South china, was created 70 years ago. It is generally regarded as an erogenic movement caused by the convergence of the Cathaysian and Yangtze blocks at the end of Silurian. Based on the recent progress of the geological research on Guangxi and adjacent areas, western Guangxi and Liuzhou-Heshan area of central Guangxi may belong to a stable block of Early Paleozoic. The Guangxian Orogeny originated from the northward translation of the Yunkai Block on its south at the end of Cambrian, and formed the Damingshan-Dayaoshan fold belt between the two blocks. It was possibly related with the Late Pan-African Orogeny. The convergence of the Cathaysian and Yangtze blocks occurred in Late Ordovician to Early Silurian and mainly had effect on Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The term 'Chongyu Orogeny' may be suitable for it. At the end of Silurian orogenic movement did not occur in this area.

关键词： South china tectonics Paleozoic Guangxian Orogeny Yunan Orogeny Chongyu Orogeny.

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δD values of escaped H_2 from hot springs at the Tengchong Rehai geothermal area and its origin

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chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第2期47卷 146-149页

作者： SHANGGUAN Zhiguan & HUO Weiguo institute of geology, china Seismological Bureau, beijing 100029, china institute of geology and geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china institute of geology China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100029 China

Here we give the δD values of escaped H2 from hot springs at the Tengchong Rehai and adjacent regions, and deal with a genetic correlation between the increment H2 in escaped gases from middle-shallow reservoirs and the H2S, CH4 derived from deep sources. Isotopic compositions of H2 indicate that the generation of increment H2 may be related to recent strong activity of N-W trending fault at the Rehai area. Trace monitoring the H2 release could be significant in order to keep watch on present activity of that fault.

关键词： Rehai geothermal area hydrogen stable isotopic composition.

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Quantitative Evaluation of the Sea-level Drop at the End-Permian: Based on Reefs

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2003年第1期77卷 95-102页

作者： WU Yasheng and FAN Jiasong institute of geology and geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029 chinese Acad Sci Inst Geol & Geophys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

The amplitude of pre-Quaternary sea level drop, H, can be calculated by usingthe formula H = D + To, where To is the original thickness from the top of the tidal deposits onthe reef core to the bottom of the tidal deposits on the reef front, or to the bottom of the ancientmeteoric vadose zone, or to the edge of the mixed-water dolostone zone. The identity and similaritybetween the sea-level drop amplitudes calculated from different reefs far away from each otherindicates that such sea-level changes are eustatic rather than relative changes. Evidence of anend-Permian sea-level drop has been found on the Changxingian (i.e. the end of the Palaeofusulinazone) reefs at Ziyun in South china, including algal laminated deposits, sabkha-related dolostone,desiccation cracks, dissolution collapse breccia. According to calculation based on the meteoricdissolution zone of the reef-core sequence at Ziyun, Guizhou province, the amplitude of thesea-level drop at the end-Permian is about 89.3 m. Calculation via the dolomitized upper part of theChangxingian reef in Lichuan, Hubei Province, yields an 88.9 m amplitude of the sea-level drop atthe end-Permian. Comparison shows that the sea-level drop recorded in the two distantly locatedreefs may be of eustatic type. So the amplitude of the sea level drop of the Tethys Sea at theend-Permian might be at least 89.3 m.

关键词： sea-level drop eustatic reef Permian Changxingian

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PGE patterns of ores of Dajing Cu-polymetallic deposit in Linxi County, Inner Mongolia:Indicator to source of metallogenic elements

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chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第13期47卷 1119-1124页

作者： CHU Xuelei, SUN Min & ZHOU Meifuinstitute of geology and geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029,{5. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, institute of geology and geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101,{5. Department institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Earth sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

By comparing PGE patterns of sulfide ores with that of basic-ultrabasic dikes occurring in the Dajing Cu-polymetallic deposit, we discover that there are similar positive slopes between the basic-ultrabasic dikes and the black ores composed mainly of sphalerite and galena, reflecting affinity of their source. The PGE patterns of the yellow ores composed basically of chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrite are actually different. One is close to the pattern of the mantle 1herzolite, and others resemble the pattern of the basic rocks. However, the concentrations of Ru are higher in the yellow ores, reflecting that sulfur attains or approaches saturation in their parent magma. The PGE characteristics of ores and dikes show that the magmas derived from the deep of crust and the metallogenic elements were supplied mainly by growth material of the crust. In addition, the mantle-derived magma also offered some elements.

关键词： Da Hinggan area polymetallic deposit PGE pattern hypomagma.

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Quantitative assessment of the complexity of geological structures in terms of seismic propagators

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第1期53卷 54-63页

作者： FU LiYun Key Laboratory of the Earth’s Deep Interior,institute of geology and geophysics,chinese academy of {5.,beijing 100029,china Key Laboratory of the Earth’s Deep Interior Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

How a wave interacts with heterogeneous media has been pursued by many *** complexity of subsurface heterogeneities is seismologically a relative concept to wavelengths of seismic waves.A growing perception is that velocity variations,propagation angles,and computational accuracies are closely related at a variety of scales.A tentative strategy to quantitatively evaluate the complexity of subsurface heterogeneous media is presented in this article to see what scales of geological heterogeneities to be captured by *** express complex subsurface structures as the slowness-and angularheterogeneity spectra to quantify velocity contrasts and dipping-angle distributions of complex geological *** the other hand,the scaling characteristics of a propagator are measured through dispersion analysis by its angular spectra plotted against refractive indexes and propagation angles,respectively.A parameter termed as imaging efficiency is introduced by associating the geological heterogeneity spectra with the propagator's angular spectra to understand the coherent interference between the medium's heterogeneity and the propagator's scaling ***,a complexity coefficient can be defined to evaluate geological complexities in terms of *** application of this strategy is demonstrated to the SEG/EAEG salt model.

关键词： geological heterogeneity spectra seismic imaging propagator’s angular spectra imaging efficiency complexity coefficient

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