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Recent advances in the data analysis method of functional magnetic resonance imaging and its applications in neuroimaging

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第8期16卷 785-795页

作者： TIAN Jie, YANG Lei and HU Jin (Institute of Automation, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100080, china graduate {5. of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, china) Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China graduate school of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has opened a new area to explore the human brain. The fMRI can reveal the deep insights of spatial and temporal changes underlying a broad range of brain function, such as motor, vision, memory and emotion, all of which are helpful in the clinical investigation. In this paper, we introduce some recent-developed algorithms for fMRI signal detection such as model-driven method (general linear model, deconvolution model, non-linear model, etc. ) and data-driven method (principle component analysis, independent component analysis, self-organization mapping, clustered constrained non-negative matrix factorization, etc. ). We also propose several important applications of neuroimaging and point out their shortcomings and future perspectives.

关键词： fMR1 data analysis neuroimaging.

Identification of novel SINEs from Cyprinidae and their evolutionary significance

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第3期17卷 270-279页

作者： HAN Yawei, HE Slumping and CHEN Yiyu ( Institute of Hydrobiology, chinese academy of sciences, Wuhan 430072, china. graduate {5., chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, china) Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China graduate school Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) are widespread among eukaryotic genomes. They are repetitive DNA sequences that have been amplified by retrotransposition. In this study, a class of SINEs were isolated from the Opsariichthys bidens genome, and named Opsar. Sequence analysis confirmed that Opsar is a new class of typical SINEs derived from tRNA molecules. With the tRNA-derived region of Opsar and through BLASTN search, we further identified Zb-SINEs from the zebrafish genome, which includes two groups: Zb-SINE-A and Zb-SINE-B. The Zb-SINE-A. group comprises subfamilies of -Al--A5. and the Zb-SINE-B group is a dimer of the tRNA -derived region and shares a similar dimeric composition to Alu. Zb-SINEs are composed of three distinct regions: a 5. end tRNA-derived region, a tRNA-unrelated region and a 3’ end AT-rich region. The flanking regions are AT rich. The average length of Zb-SINEs elements is about 340 bp. Zb-SINEs account for as much as 0.1 % of the whole zebrafish genome. About 70% of the Zb-SINEs are on chromosomes 11, 18, and 19. These Zb-SINEs were characterized by PCR and dot hybridization. The distribution pattern of Zb-SINEs in genome strongly supports the master genes model. The tRNA-derived regions of Opsar and Zb-SINEs were compared with the tRNAAla gene, and they showed 76% similarity, indicating that Opsar and Zb-SINEs originated from an inactive tRNA sequence or a tRNA -like sequence. In view of the evolutionary status of zebrafish in the Cyprinidae, we deduced that Zb-SINEs were a very old class of interspersed sequences.

关键词： short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) master gene model Opsar Zb-SINEs and Cyprinidae.

Isolation and Characterization of Photosystem Ⅱ of Porphyra yezoensis Ueda

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第11期36卷 780-785页

作者： Zheng-Quan GAO, Guang-Ce WANG, and Cheng-Kui TSENGKey Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, the chinese academy of sciences, Qingdao 266071, china graduate {5., the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, china Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Institute of Oceanology the Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071 China graduate school the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100039 China

The thylakoid membranes were isolated and purified from gametophyte of Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (P. yezoensis) by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. After P. yezoensis gametophyte thylakoid membranes were so... 详细信息

关键词： red algae Porphyra yezoensis Ueda photosystem Ⅱ polypeptide composition extrinsic protein

Reconstruction of temperature series in china for the last 5.00 years

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第8期16卷 838-845页

作者： GE Quansheng, WANG Shunbing and ZHENG Jingyun (Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, china {5. school of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, china) Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China graduate school of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China

A temperature series with a 100 year resolution for the last 5.00 years in china has been reconstructed by using 31 longterm temperature proxy series selected from recent publications in the last 20 years. The proxy records include pollens, stalagmites, lake-sediments, peat, ice cores and historical documents. The result reveals that in the millennial scale temperature variation it was warm in 305.-25. BC and it was cold in 25. BC-195. AD. In the above two periods there were many stages of sub-scale temperature fluctuations. The result also shows an obvious temperature discrepancy on the century to multi-century scale between the Eastern Monsoon Region, the Qinghai-Tibet Region and the Northwestern Region in 285. BC, 235. BC, 135. BC, 95.-35. BC, 5.-25. AD, and 5.0 AD. A comparison between the reconstructed series of this paper and some North Hemisphere temperature series indicates that in the longterm scale change, the temperature change in china is in phrase with that of the Northern Hemisphere during the last 5.00 years, while on the century to multi-century scale there are differences at the beginning and end times, which may imply that temperature change does not occur simultaneously in different regions.

关键词： temperature series the last 5.00 years china.

Rate of strong consistency of quasi maximum likelihood estimate in generalized linear models

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Science china Mathematics 2004年第6期47卷 882-893页

作者： YUE Li & CHEN Xiru school of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, china graduate school, chinese {5. of sciences, Beijing 100039, china school of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan University Wuhan China graduate school Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Under the assumption that in the generalized linear model (GLM) the expectation of the response variable has a correct specification and some other smooth conditions, it is shown that with probability one the quasi-likelihood equation for the GLM has a solution when the sample size n is sufficiently large. The rate of this solution tending to the true value is determined. In an important special case, this rate is the same as specified in the LIL for iid partial sums and thus cannot be improved anymore.

关键词： quasi-likelihood function generalized linear models strong consistency

Genetic fingerprinting of plankton community provides new insights into aquatic ecology

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第9期16卷 893-898页

作者： YAN Qingyun, YU Yuhe and FENG Weisong ( Institute of Hydrobiology, chinese academy of sciences, Wuhan 430072, china graduate {5. of the chinese academy of Sci-ences, Beijing 100039, china) Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China graduate school of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China

Over the past two decades, molecular techniques have been widely used in ecological study and molecular ecology has been one of the most important branches of ecology. Meanwhile, genetic fingerprinting analyses have significantly enhanced our knowledge of the diversity and evolutionary relations of the planktonic organisms. Compared with conventional approaches in ecological study (e.g. morphological classification), genetic fingerprinting techniques are simpler and much more effective. This review provides an overview of the principles, advantages and limitations of the commonly used DNA fingerprinting techniques in plankton research. The aim of this overview is to assess where we have been, where we are now and what the future holds for solving aquatic ecological problems with molecular-level information.

关键词： genetic fingerprinting plankton community aquatic ecology genetic diversity.

Experimental study on phosphorus release from sediments of shallow lake in wave flume

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第Z1期49卷 92-101页

作者： SUN Xiaojing,ZHU Guangwei, LUO Liancong & QIN Boqiang Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, chinese academy of sciences, Nanjing 210008, china graduate {5. of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, china Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China graduate school of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25.. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ *** study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later.

关键词： shallow lakes, wave disturbance, internal release, phosphorus, wave flume experiment.

Twistor bundle theory and its application

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Science china Mathematics 2004年第4期47卷 605-616页

作者： PENG Chia-Kuei & TANG ZizhouDepartment of Mathematics, graduate school of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing {5., china Department of Mathematical sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, china Department of Mathematics Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Mathematical sciences Tsinghua University Beijing China

Over an oriented even dimensional Riemannian manifold(M 2m ,ds2 ), in terms of the Levi-Civita connection form Ω and the canonical form Θ on the bundle of positive orthonormal frames, we give a detailed description of the twistor bundle Гm = SO(2m)/U(m)? J +(@#@ M,ds2 ) →M. The integrability on an almost complex structureJ compatible with the metric and the orientation, is shown to be equivalent to the fact that the corresponding cross section of the twistor bundle is holomorphic with respect toJ and the canonical almost complex structureJ 1 onJ +(M,ds2 ), by using moving frame theory. Moreover, for various metrics and a fixed orientation onM, a canonical bundle isomorphism is established. As a consequence, we generalize a celebrated theorem of LeBrun.

关键词： almost complex structure, integrability, twistor bundle.

Contributions of phosphatase and microbial activity to internal phosphorus loading and their relation to lake eutrophication

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第Z1期49卷 102-113页

作者： SONG Chunlei, CAO Xiuyun, LI Jianqiu, LI Qingman, CHEN Guoyuan & ZHOU Yiyong Institute of Hydrobiology, chinese academy of sciences, Wuhan 430072, china graduate {5. of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, china Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China graduate school of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Phosphatase may accelerate the process of lake eutrophication through improving phosphorus bioavailability. This mechanism was studied in three chinese eutrophic shallow lakes (Lake Taihu, Lake Longyang and Lake Lianhua). Phosphatase activity was related to the concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and chlorophyll a. Stability of dissolved phosphatase in reverse micelles may be attributed to molecular size, conformation and active residues of the *** the site with Microcystis bloomed in Lake Taihu, dissolved phosphatase activity was higher and more stable in micelles, SRP concentrations were lower in interstitial water, the contents of different forms of phosphorus and the amounts of aerobic bacteria were lower while respiration efficiency was higher in sediments. Phosphobacteria, both inorganic and organic and other microorganisms were abundant in surface water but rare in sediments. Therefore, internal phosphorus may substantially flux into water column by enzymatic hydrolysis and anaerobic release, together with mobility of bacteria,thereby initiating the bloom. In short, biological mechanism may act in concert with physical and chemical factors to drive the internal phosphorus release and accelerate lake eutrophication.

关键词： dissolved phosphatase, reverse micelle, internal loading, phosphorus form of sediment, microbiology, eutrophication, Microcystis bloom.