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Primary scientific results of Chang'E-1 lunar mission

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第11期53卷 1565-1581页

作者： OUYANG ZiYuan1,2, LI ChunLai1, ZOU YongLiao1, ZHANG HongBo1, Lü Chang1, LIU JianZhong1, LIU JianJun1, ZUO Wei1, SU Yan1, WEN WeiBin1, BIAN Wei1, ZHAO BaoChang3. WANG JianYu4, YANG JianFeng3. CHANG Jin5. WANG HuanYu6, ZHANG XiaoHui7, WANG ShiJin7, WANG Min1, REN Xin1, MU LingLi1, KONG DeQing1, WANG XiaoQian1, WANG Fang1, GENG Liang1, ZHANG ZhouBin1, ZHENG Lei1, ZHU XinYing1, ZHENG YongChun1, LI JunDuo1, ZOU XiaoDuan1, XU Chun1, SHI ShuoBiao1, GAO YiFei1 & GAO GuanNan1 1 National Astronomical Observatories, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100012, china 2 {3. of Geochemistry, chinese academy of sciences, Guiyang 5.0002, china 3.Xi’an {3. of Optics and Precision Mechanics, chinese academy of sciences, Xi’an 710119, china 4 Shanghai {3. of Technical Physics, chinese academy of sciences, Shanghai 200083. china 5.Purple Mountain Observatory, chinese academy of sciences, Nanjing 210008, china 6 {3. of High Energy Physics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china 7 Center for Space Science and Applied Research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100190, china 1. National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China2. Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China3. Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an 710119 China4. Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200083 China5. Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China6. Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China7. Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

The strategic plan for the development of the unmanned chinese Lunar Exploration Program is characterized by three distinct stages: "orbiting around", "landing on" and "returning from" the Moon. The first chinese lunar probe, Chang'E-1, which was successfully launched on October 24th, 2007 at Xichang Satellite Launch Center, and guided to crash on the Moon on March 1st, 2009, at 5..3.°E, 1.5.°S, in the north of Mare Fecunditatis, is the first step towards the "orbiting around" stage. The Chang'E-1 mission lasted 495.days, exceeding the expected life-span by about four months. A total of 1.3. TB raw data was received from Chang'E-1. It was then processed into 4 TB scientific data products at various levels. Many scientific results have been obtained by analyzing these data, including especially the "global lunar image from the first chinese lunar explora- tion mission". All scientific goals of Chang'E-1 have been achieved. It provides much useful materials for further advances of lunar sciences and planetary chemistry. Meanwhile, these results will serve as a firm basis for future chinese lunar missions.

关键词： lunar orbiter Chang’E-1 scientific data results

Study on the changes of water cycle and its impacts in the source region of the Yellow River

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 142-151页

作者： ZHANG Shifeng1, JIA Shaofeng1, LIU Changming1, CAO Wenbing2, HAO Fanghua3. LIU Jiuyu4 & YAN Huayun5.1. institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research,{3., Beijing 100101, china 2. china University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083. china 3. Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875. china 4. Bureau of Hydrology of Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou 45.003. china 5. Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resource Investigation of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, china 1. institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China2. China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China3. Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China4. Bureau of Hydrology of Yellow River Conservancy Commission 450003 Zhengzhou China5. Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resource Investigation of Qinghai Province 810001 Xining China

The water cycle in the source region of the Yellow River underwent great changes in the 1990s. The major features of the changes are as follows: the gauged runoff declined significantly while the precipitation increased slightly, and the runoff process was more concentrated on the flood season. Water balance analyses indicate that the pondage was kept in the status of negative equilibrium, causing eco-environmental problems. The runoff decrement is due to evaporation increment in this region. Studies show that the runoff process in this region is closely related to that of the other hydrological stations in the upper reaches. When the runoff declines in the source regions, the amount of water also declines in the whole upper reaches of the Yellow River, affecting the balance between water demand and supply. Meanwhile changes will take place in the water cycle of the river course system when the eco-environment deteriorates. The trend of water cycle change in the source region is that the runoff will keep declining with the increment of evaporation caused by temperature rise in the northwest of china in the 21st century. But the hydraulic engineering in the source region will help to mitigate the deterioration of local eco-environment system, though the impacts to the lower reaches of this project may not be the case.

关键词： source region of the Yellow River, water cycle, evaporation, negative equilibrium.

Densification and Microstructure of β-sialon/Nano-size SiC Composites

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1997年第4期13卷 339-341页

作者： Cheng ZHANG Danyu JIANG Qiang LI and Weiying SUN (Shanghai institute of Ceramics, chinese academy of sciences, Shanghai 20005.,{3.) Shanghai institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China

β-sialon/nano-size SiC composite ceramic with DyAG(Dy3.l5.12) as grain boundary phase was fabricated through hot-pressing. The effect of nano-size SiC on densification, phase composition, microstructure and mechanica... 详细信息

关键词： Nano SiC Densification and Microstructure of sialon/Nano-size SiC Composites

Oxygen Permeation Behaviors and Hardening Effect of Titanium Alloys at High Temperature

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2004年第6期20卷 719-723页

作者： Hongyan MA, Maocai WANG and Weitao WUState Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, institute of Metai Research, chinese academy of sciences, Shenyang 110016, chinaGraduate School of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10003., china Lab. for Corrosion and Protection Inst. of Metal Res. Chinese Acad. of Sci. Shenyang 110016 China Graduate Sch. Chinese Acad. of Sci. Beijing 100039 China

In order to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of Ti and Ti alloy components, an oxygen permeation treatment (OPT) was developed. The oxygen permeation behaviors of three Ti alloys, TA2, TB5.and TC11, treated in air with O-P medium at high temperature have been studied. The results show that the 0-P treatment can significantly improve the surface hardness of Ti alloys. The oxidation mass-gain of β-Ti alloy (TB5. is much higher than α-Ti alloy (TA2) under the same condition, while α+β Ti alloy (TC11) is the lowest. All the Ti alloys treated at this condition produce two surface layers: the outer layer consists mainly of TiO2, as well as trace of other oxides, and the inner layer consists of a Ti-O interstitial solid solution formed by the diffusion of oxygen in α crystal lattice. Thick scales of β Ti alloy (TB5. are easily formed depending mainly on the poor solid solution content of oxygen, while deep solution layer can be formed since partial β phase has been transformed into α phase. The scales of α-β Ti alloy (TC11) are very thin and compact. Aluminum-rich zone, as well as deficient zone, is found in oxide layers. A crystallographic characterization of oxygen solution layer has been performed and evaluated by crystallographic lattice constant.

关键词： Microstructure Oxygen permeation Titanium Solid solution

Optical Recording Performance of Azo Nickel Chelate Thin Film

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chinese Journal of Lasers 1999年第5期8卷 444-448页

作者： YIN Jinlong WANG Shuangqing GAN Fuxi(Shanghai institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, The chinese academy of sciences,Shanghai 201800, chinainstitute of Photographic Chemistry, The chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100101, china) 中科院上海光学精密机械所上海 201800 中科院感光化学所北京 100101 中科院上海光学精密机械所上海

The absorption, transmission and reflection spectra of spin-coated films of Ni(azo)2(azo nickel chelate) were measured. Because of the intermolecular aggregation, the absorption peak of Ni(azo)2 thin film has a red-shift of about 4o nm with respect to that of it in methanol solution. The fabricated optica disk showed a reflectivity of 48% and its carrier-noise ratio (CNR) was greater than 45.dB when recording with 7. 5.mW laser power at the wavelength of 780nm.

关键词： azo dye optical recording absorption spectra

Micromorphological Features of Paleo-Stagnic-Anthrosols at Archaeological Site of Sanxingdui,china

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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第4期5卷 358-366页

作者： HE Yurong HUANG Chengmin XU Xiangming WANG Yanqiang HE Xiubin institute of Mountain Hazards ＆ Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China

The archaeological site of the Sanxingdui may date back as far as 5.000 years ago. The typical profiles of Palaeo-Stagnic-Anthrosols near the ancient site were selected, which aimed to identify diagnostic horizons employing methodology of soil taxonomic classification and to reveal the micromorphological properties of the paleosols. Under long-term anthropogenic mellowing, the discernible differentiation between anthrostagnic epipedon and its subhorizons as well as hydragric horizon and its subhorizons occurred in Paleo-Stagnie-Anthrosols at the archaeological site of the Sanxingdui. The mieromorphological properties diversified among each specific diagnostic subhorizon, e.g., the developed microstructure in cultivated subhorizon within anthrostagnic epipedon, closely arranged particles and considerable micropores beneficial to both of water conservation and filtration in plow subhorizon within anthrostagnic epipedon, and automorphic optical-orientation clays and calcareous corrosion in hydragric horizons. The findings above of micromorphological features related with diagnostic horizons are significant for soil taxonomic classification.

关键词： Paleo-Stagnic-Anthrosols diagnostichorizon soil micromorphology soil taxonomic classification archaeological site of Sanxingdui china

Nitrogen isotopic geochemical characteristics of crude oils in several basins of china

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1211-1219页

作者： CHEN Chuanping1,2, MEI Bowen1 & CAO Yacheng3.1. Jianghan Petroleum University, Jingzhou 43.100, china 2. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 43.047, china 3. Nanjing institute of Soil Science,{3., Nanjing 210008, china 1. Jianghan Petroleum University 434100 Jingzhou China 2. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 430047 Wuhan China 3. Nanjing institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences 210008 Nanjing China

Nitrogen isotopic ratios of crude oils with different physical and chemical properties in several basins of china have been measured and their geochemistry has been studied ele-mentally combined with molecular organic geochemistry methods. The data indicate that δ 15. is in the range of ?6‰-20‰. They vary with the oils in different sedimentary types of basins. The oils forming in the limnic environment have lower δ 15. with the value of about 1‰-5. whereas the oils in saline or semi-saline environment have higher δ 15., with most samples being above 10‰ and some exceeding 17‰. The average nitrogen isotopic ratio of oils from the Ordovician formation in the Tarim Basin is the lowest, with most samples having δ 15. below zero, which reflects possibly the characteristic of the oils originating mainly from the organic matter formed in marine carbonate sedimentary environment. The δ 15. distribution can be altered by fractionation. It increases obviously because of biodegradation and decreases during hydrocarbon migration. However, the effect of nitrogen isotopic fractionation in the short distance migration is uncon-spicuous.

关键词： nitrogen isotope, crude oil, sedimentary environment, isotopic fractionation, china.

Background contents of heavy metals in sediments of the Yangtze River system and their calculation methods

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Journal of Environmental sciences 1995年第4期7卷 422-429页

作者： Zhang Chaosheng, Zhang Shen, Zhang Licheng, Wang Lijun(institute of Geography , chinese academy of sciences , Beijing 100101 , china) Inst of Geography Chinese Academy of Sci Beijing China China

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关键词： Yangtze River sediments heavy metalsi robust statistics data transformation.

The fluxes and controlling factors of N_2O and CH_4 emissions from freshwater marsh in Northeast china

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第5期53卷 700-709页

作者： YU JunBao1,2, LIU JingShuang2, SUN ZhiGao1, SUN WeiDong3. WANG JinDa2, WANG GuoPing2 & CHEN XiaoBing1 1 Key Lab of Coastal Envionment Processed, Yantai institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development, chinese academy of sciences, Yantai 264003. china 2 Key Lab of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, chinese academy of sciences, Changchun 13.012, china 3.Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochronology and Geochemistry, Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry, chinese academy of sciences, Guangzhou 5.0640, china 1. Key Lab of Coastal Envionment Processed Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai 264003 China2. Key Lab of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130012 China3. Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochronology and Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions were measured using a static chamber method in two adjacent plots of freshwater marsh predominated by Calamagrostis angustifolia, one is seasonal waterlogged (SW) and the other without surface water accumulation (NW), in Sanjiang Plain wetland (47°3.0}N, 13.°3.′E), northeast china, during 2002-2004. The diurnal and seasonal flux variations of both gases were significantly correlated with 5.cm-soil temperature. The NW marsh is a source of N2O and sink of CH4, while the SW marsh is sink of N2O and source of CH4. Remarkably, we observed a N2O emission peak under Eh of +3.0 to +100 mV, and CH4 emission peak under Eh of +3.0 to +400 mV, which indicate additional sources of N2O and CH4 for the freeze-thaw induced emission peaks of N2O and CH4 observed between late July and early August. Further study shows that the additional N2O and CH4 were emitted under the frozen soil after thawing.

关键词： freeze-thaw region freshwater marsh methane nitrous oxide controlling factors