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Analytical method of Cr stable isotope and its application to water pollution survey

Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第7期55卷 664-669页

作者： GAO YongJuan 1,2,3,MA Teng 4.5,LING WenLi 1,2,LIU CunFu 4.5 & LI Li 4.5 1Faculty of Earth Science,china university of geosciences,Wuhan 4.0074.china 2State Key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,china university of geosciences,Wuhan 4.0074.china 3 Graduate School,china university of geosciences,Wuhan 4.0074.china 4.Biogeological and environmental Geology laboratory of Ministry of Education(china university of geosciences) ,Wuhan 4.0074.china 5 sino-hungary joint laboratory of environmental sciences and health,china university of geosciences,Wuhan 4.0074.china Faculty of Earth Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China State Key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Graduate School China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Biogeological and environmental Geology laboratory of Ministry of Education (china university of geosciences) Wuhan 430074 China sino-hungary joint laboratory of {4. sciences and health China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

High Cr(VI) concentration is a potential serious risk to environment and ecologic ***,it is essential to effectively monitor Cr contamination in water systems and scientifically evaluate its evolution trend.A new method of in-situ tracer technique by Cr isotopic analysis for quantitatively estimating Cr-contamination and its regional evolution in natural waters as well as a case application are reported in this *** on documented literatures,an experimental procedure for chemical separation and purification of Cr in water samples and its analytical method for Cr isotopic measurement by thermal ionization mass spectrometry(TIMS) are *** samples collected around a chemical factory in Hubei Province were analyzed by this *** samples showδ53Cr values ranging from-1.7‰to 7.3‰and an elevating trend with an increasing in distance from the sampling site to pollution source.A functional correlation following Rayleigh fractionation law was established between sample'sδ53Cr value and its extent of Cr *** study suggests that Cr isotopic analysis is an effective method to reveal the spatial distribution and its evolution trend of Cr contamination in the regional water *** is thus helpful to assessing the self-purifying ability of local water system according to Cr isotopic fractionation.

关键词：铬(VI) 水污染调查稳定同位素应用同位素分析供水系统演变趋势示踪技术

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Hydroxyl radicals induced by quartz particles in lung alveolar macrophages: the role of surface iron

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第10期16卷 1038-1044页

作者： LI Yi, ZHU Tong, GUO Xinbiao and SHANG Yu ( State Key joint laboratory for environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, Peking university, Beijing 100871, {4. Occupational & environmental health sciences, School of Public health, Peking university health Science Center, Beijing 100083, {4.) [a]State Key joint laboratory for environmental Simulation & Pollution Control Peking University Beijing China [b]Occupational & environmental health sciences School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China

Previous studies have shown that hydroxyl radical generation is a key step in the mechanism of pathogenic process caused by airborne particles to the lung. However, there is no direct evidence for dose-response relationship between airborne particles and hydroxyl radical generation. In this study, hydroxyl radicals generated in lung alveolar macrophages exposed to quartz particles were measured using a highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis-fluorescence detection method. The results demonstrated that quartz particles induced the generation of hydroxyl radical in a dose-dependent manner, and the amount of the hydroxyl radicals was 10-10 mol/10 cells. The viability of alveolar macrophages exposed to quartz particles decreased with the increase of quartz concentration, showing a clear dose-response relationship. Hydroxyl radical scavenger mannitol could increase the viability of quartz-treated cells, suggesting that hydroxyl radical contributed directly to cell death. In this study this contribution accounted for about 5%-20% of cell death. The hydroxyl radical generating potential was found to be related to surface iron content of the quartz particles.

关键词： inhalable quartz hydroxyl radical capillary electrophoresis dose-response relationship iron.

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Evolutionary patterns of Productida (Brachiopoda) morphology during the Permian in South china

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Science china Earth sciences 2008年第11期51卷 1589-1600页

作者： ZHANG Yang1 & HE WeiHong1,2 1 Faculty of Earth sciences, china university of geosciences, Wuhan 4.0074, china 2 Key {4. of Biogeology and environmental Geology of Ministry of Education, china university of geosciences, Wuhan 4.0074, china 1. Faculty of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 2. Key laboratory of Biogeology and environmental Geology of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

The evolutionary patterns of Productida (brachiopod) morphology throughout the Permian show that while the percentage proportion of Productida (brachiopod) with strongly concentric and radial ornamentation declined from the Cisuralian to the Guadalupian, and then increased towards the Changhsingian via Wuchiapingian, the percentage proportion of Productida (brachiopod) with fine concentric and radial ornamentation distinctly increased from the Cisuralian to the Guadalupian, slightly declined towards the Wuchiapingian, and then increased towards the Changhsingian. From the Cisuralian to the Changhsingian, the percentage proportion of brachiopods with spinose ornamentation shows a persistent declining trend. The shell size generally indicates a miniaturization trend at species level during the Wuchiapingian to Changhsingian (including the transitional bed). These evolutionary patterns of brachiopod ornamentation and size are possibly related to the anoxia, food shortage, sea-level fluctuation, and change of substrate in the Permian (including the Permian-Triassic transitional interval) in South china.

关键词： brachiopod ornamentation size Permian South china

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Transport network and flow mechanism of shallow ore-bearing magma in Tongling ore cluster area

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第4期49卷 397-407页

作者： DENG Jun1,2, WANG Qingfei1,2 , HUANG Dinghua3 , WAN Li4. YANG Liqiang1,2 & GAO Bangfei1,2 1. State Key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, china university of geosciences, Beijing 100083, china 2. Key laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology of Ministry of Education, china university of Geo- sciences, Beijing 100083, china 3. Faculty of Earth sciences, china university of geosciences, Wuhan 4.0074, china 4. School of Mathematics and Information Science, Guangzhou university, Guangzhou 5104.5, china 1. State Key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China 2. Key laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China 3. Faculty of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 4. School of Mathematics and Information Science Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510405 China

Abundant studies revealed that shallow intrusions of the Yanshanian epoch resulted in the mass mineralization of the Tongling region. Various evidences showed there existed a concealed magma chamber at ?10 km depth in the middle part of this region during Yanshanian epoch, from which the ore-forming magma was generated and then transported to the superficial layer. Yet the transport network and flow mechanism of the shallow ore-bearing magma, the key problem associ- ated with ore-forming process, was relatively little focused on. Integrate analysis of structural me- chanics, statistical fractal and geological facts suggested that NE trending high-angle fold-related thrust faults and the tessellated basement ones served as the main pathways for the shallow magma’s transporting, moreover, the saddle void spaces among adjacent strata in the folds upon this fault system provided the place for magma’s emplacement. So the folds in the upper part and faults in the lower part of the upper crust constituted the fluid’s transport and emplacement network. During the deformation of geologic body with multi-layer structure, the layers in the upper part tended to fold when received the jacking stress from the lower part, while the lower one inclined to fault undergoing loads of the upper part. And the producing probability of this structure assemblage was highly in- creased in the condition, such as in the Tongling area, that the mechanic rigidity of the lower layers was stronger than that of the upper ones. For the pre-existence of fluid-conducting network, the top magma with high volatile in the magma chamber transported rapidly to the superficial layer in dyking pattern, located in the void spaces of folds, filled and reconstructed them. The sudden drop of pres- sure caused the fluid unmixing from the magma and mass ore-forming elements concentration. Pulse activity of the dyking may be the principal reason why magmatic bodies in the Tongling area were spatially-temporally con

关键词： Tongling, structural network, magma intrusion, fractal, dyke.

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Influence of fuel quality on vehicular NOx emissions

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Journal of environmental sciences 2001年第3期13卷 265-271页

作者： WANG Shao xia, SHAO Min, ZHANG Yuan hang (State joint Key laboratory of environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Center for environmental {4., Peking university, Beijing 100871, china. State joint Key laboratory of environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Center for Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China.

The quality of gasoline and diesel fuel affects pollutant emissions from vehicles. By applying the COMPLEX model, developed by the US EPA and industry to relate fuel composition to vehicle emissions, this paper estimates the influence of improvements in gasoline quality to lower vehicular NOx emissions. A case study is performed for Guangzhou City that has NOx concentrations significantly above the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). The paper discusses the potential for reducing NOx in Guangzhou by improving the quality of gasoline.

关键词： Air quality Automotive fuels Gasoline

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Heterogeneous reactions of gaseous methanesulfonic acid with calcium carbonate and kaolinite particles

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Science china Chemistry 2010年第12期53卷 2657-2662页

作者： TANG MingJin,LI MengQiu & ZHU Tong State Key joint laboratory of environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of environmental {4. and Engineering,Peking university,Beijing 100871,china 1. State Key joint laboratory of environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of environmental sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Heterogeneous reactions of gaseous methanesulfonic acid (MSA) with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and kaolinite particles at room temperature were investigated using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and ion chromatography (IC).Methanesulfonate (MS-) was identified as the product in the condensed phase,in accordance with the product of the reaction of gaseous MSA with NaCl and sea salt *** the concentration of gaseous MSA was 1.34.× 10-13 molecules cm-3,the uptake coefficient was (1.21 ± 0.06) × 10-8 (1) for the reaction of gaseous MSA with CaCO3 and (4.10 ± 0.65) × 10 10 (1) for the reaction with *** uptake coefficients were significantly smaller than those of the reactions of gaseous MSA with NaCl and sea salt particles.

关键词： gaseous MSA heterogeneous reaction calcium carbonate kaolinite

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Heterogeneous reaction of SO_2 on TiO_2 particles

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Science china Chemistry 2010年第12期53卷 2637-2643页

作者： SHANG Jing,LI Jia & ZHU Tong State Key joint laboratory of environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of environmental {4. and Engineering,Peking university,Beijing 100871,china 1. State Key joint laboratory of environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of environmental sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on TiO2 particles was studied using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS).The influences of the oxygen concentration,relative humidity (RH),and ultraviolet (UV) light illumination (λ=365 nm) intensity on the reaction were *** main product of the heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on TiO2 particles was sulfate with UV illumination and sulfite without *** production of sulfate was promoted significantly with UV illumination or water,and there was a synergistic effect when both were *** the dry system without UV,the heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on TiO2 particles was found to be second-order for SO2 and the initial uptake coefficient,BET,was determined to be 1.94.× *** UV and RH=4.%,the reaction order was first-order and the initial uptake coefficient was 1.35 × 10-5.

关键词： SO2 TiO2 DRIFTS heterogeneous oxidation

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Carbon isotope composition of the Lower Triassic marine carbonates, Lower Yangtze Region, South china

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第3期49卷 225-241页

作者： ZUO Jingxun1,2, TONG Jinnan3, QIU Haiou4.& ZHAO Laishi3 1. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Nanjing 210008, china 2. Henan Institute of Geological Survey, Zhengzhou 4.0007, china 3. State Key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources at {4., Wuhan 4.0074, china 4. Faculty of Material sciences and Chemical Engineering, {4., Wuhan 4.0074, china 1. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China 2. Henan Institute of Geological Survey Zhengzhou 450007 China 3. State Key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources at china university of geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 4. Faculty of Material sciences and Chemical Engineering China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

Studies on three Lower Triassic sections located on the shallow water platform, the deep water slope and in the deep water basin in the Lower Yangtze Region, South china, show the similar trend of carbon isotope evolution. Biostratigraphic correlations among the Lower Triassic sections on the basis of standard conodont zones indicate that three negative shifts occurred in the Griesbachian, the Smithian and the late Spathian stages respectively, and one distinctly positive shift occurred in the early Spathian stage. Trend of carbon isotope evolution of the Lower Triassic reflects some significant changes in the global carbon cycle. Moreover, δ 13C background values are intensively controlled by palaeogeographic environment. In general, δ 13C values from deep-water slope carbonates are lighter than those from carbonate platform and heavier than those from deep-water basin carbonates. The positive carbon isotope excursion may be induced by a significant amount of organic carbon burial in marine sediments and increase in primary productivity. The large negative carbon isotope excursions during the Early Triassic in Lower Yangtze Region are interpreted to relate to volcano eruptions based on tuffaceous claystone interlayers observed near the Permian-Triassic boundary, the Induan- Olenekian boundary and the Lower Triassic-Middle Triassic boundary.

关键词： Lower Triassic, carbon isotope compositions, palaeogeography, volcanic eruptions, Lower Yangtze Region.

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Research on the dynamics of the South china Sea opening:Evidence from analogue modeling

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1053-1069页

作者： SUN Zhen1,2, ZHOU Di1, ZHONG Zhihong3, XIA Bin2, QIU Xuelin1, ZENG Zuoxun4.& JIANG Jianqun5 1. CAS Key laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South china Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Guangzhou 510301, china 2. CAS Key laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of sciences, Guangzhou 51064., china 3. Department of Technology, Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC, Guangzhou 51024., china 4. Faculty of Earth sciences, china university of geosciences, Wuhan 4.0074, china 5. Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company, Liaohe Oilfield Petrochina, Panjin 124.10, china 1. CAS Key laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China 2. CAS Key laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China 3. Department of Technology Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC Guangzhou 510240 China 4. Faculty of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 5. Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company Liaohe Oilfield PetroChina Panjin 124010 China

Independent of Indochina extrusion, the South china Sea experienced a process from passive continental rifting to marginal sea drifting. According to the fault patterns in the Beibu Gulf basin and the Pearl River Mouth basin, the continental rifting and early spreading stage from 32 to 26 Ma were controlled by extensional stress field, which shifted clockwise from southeastward to south southeastward. From 24.Ma on, the sea spread in NW-SE direction and ceased spreading at around 15.5 Ma. Integrated geological information with the assumption that the South china Sea developed along a pre-Cenozoic weakness zone, we did analogue experiments on the South china Sea evolu- tion. Experiments revealed that the pre-existing weakness zone goes roughly along the uplift zone between the present Zhu-1 and Zhu-2 depression. The pre-existing weakness zone is composed of three segments trending NNE, roughly EW and NEE, respectively. The early opening of the South china Sea is accompanied with roughly 15° clockwise rotation, while the SE sub-sea basin opened with SE extension. Tinjar fault was the western boundary of the Nansha block (Dangerous Ground), while Lupar fault was the eastern boundary of the Indochina, NW-trending rift belt known as Zengmu basin developed between above two faults due to block divergent of Indochina from Nansha. In the experiment, transtensional flower structures along NW-trending faults are seen, and slight inversion occurs along some NE-dipping faults. The existence of rigid massifs changed the orientations of some faults and rift belt, and also led to deformation concentrate around the massifs. The rifting and drifting of the South china Sea might be caused by slab pull from the proto South china Sea subducting toward Borneo and/or mantle flow caused by India-Asia collision.

关键词： South china Sea, rifting and drifting, clockwise rotation, analogue modeling, rigid massifs.

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Carbon isotope ratios of C_(4. plants in loess areas of North china

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第1期49卷 97-102页

作者： WANG Guoan1,2,3, HAN Jiamao 2, ZHOU Liping3, XIONG Xiaogang4. TAN Ming2, WU Zhenhai5 & PENG Jun6 1. Department of Plant Nutrition, china Agricultural university, Beijing 100094. china 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, china 3. College of environmental sciences, MOE laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking university, Beijing 100871, china 4. Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100093, china 5. Northwest Sci-Tech university of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712100, china 6. Network Center, china Agricultural university, Beijing 100094. china 1. Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 3. College of environmental sciences MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Peking University Beijing 100871 China 4. Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China 5. Northwest Sci-Tech university of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 China 6. Network Center China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

Carbon isotope ratios (δ^(13)C) of 89 C_4.plant samples were determined fromthe loess area in North china. δ^(13)C values vary between -10.5per thousand and -14.6per thousandwith a mean of -12.6per thousand. Along a precipitation gradient from the semi-moist area to thesemiarid area, then to the arid area, the δ^(13)C values of C_4.plants show a slight decreasingtrend. The δ^(13)C values of C_4.plants in the dry season are found lower than those in the wetseason. These trends are opposite to those observed for C_3 species.

关键词： C4 plants, carbon isotope ratios, loess area.

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