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Effect and mechanism of stresses on rock permeability at different scales

Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第7期49卷 714-723页

作者： YIN Shangxian1 & WANG Shangxu2 1. Safety Engineering College, North china institute of Science and Technology, Yanjiao, beijing 101601, china 2. Key Laboratory of Geophysics exploration, china University of petroleum, beijing 100083, china 1. Safety Engineering College North China Institute of Science and Technology Yanjiao Beijing 101601 China 2. Key Laboratory of Geophysics exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 100083 China

The effect of geo-stress fields on macroscopic hydro-geological conditions or micro-cosmic permeability of water-bearing media should follow some laws or principles. Cases study and tests show that: (1) At macro-geologic large scale, deformed and crashed rocks which were induced by geo-stress fields changing provided space for groundwater storage and flow. Groundwater adjusts water-bearing space and dilatants fractures by flowing and press transferring. Coupling of liquid and solid can be implemented for rocks and groundwater. Although tectonic fields witness several times of change and build-up in geological time, stress fields forming regional tectonic framework are coherent with seepage fields, orientation of the maximum horizontal stress demonstrates main seepage direc-tions. (2) At macro-geologic middle scale, zones of stresses changing sharply, quite low stresses, stress or shear concentration can be used to show locations and types of main fractures, zones of geo-stresses changing equably can be acted as normal base media zones of tri-porosity media. (3. At micro-geologic small scale, tri-porosity media include fractured rocks, porous rocks and capillary rocks. Investigations indicate that porosity or permeability is functions of effective stresses, and po-rosity or permeability changing rules of porous rocks with variation of effective stresses can be de-scribed as the index model, the model of power exponent functions is suitable for those of fractured rocks, the model of the second power parabola for capillary rocks. The porosity and permeability loss in fractured rocks, which are greater than that in porous rocks, are shown by calculation of effective compressive coefficient and closing pressure in cracks. The calculations can also explain the mecha-nism why porosity changes are always larger than permeability changes. It is proved by the thick wall cylinder theory that the second power parabola relation between porosity or permeability loss and effective

关键词： geo-stress fields, seepage fields, tri-porosity media, effective stresses, permeability, porosity,scale.

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The control of syndepositional faulting on the Eogene sedimentary basin fills of the Dongying and Zhanhua sags, Bohai Bay Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第9期47卷 769-782页

作者： LIN Changsong1, ZHENG Herong2, REN Jianye1, LIU Jingyan1 & Qiu Yigang1 1. Department of Energy Geology, china University of Geosciences, beijing 100083, china 2. petroleum exploration and Production institute, Sino-petroleum and Chemistry Cooperation, beijing 100083, china china Univ Geosci Dept Energy Geol Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Sino Petr & Chem Cooperat Petr Explorat & Prod Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The Dongying and Zhanhua sags are the major hydrocarbon exploration and produc- tion subbasins in the Bohai Bay Basin. Integrated analysis of the sedimentary basin fills has shown that the syndepositional faults and their arrangement styles exerted an important influ- ence on the development and distribution of the Eogene depositional systems. The sedimentary filling evolution of the subbasins reflects the general control of the episodic rifting process. The major long-term active normal faults formed a series of paleogeomorphic accident or slopebreak zones that commonly delineated the subsidiary palaeostructural units and the depositional facies tracts and constrained the general distribution of sedimentary facies zones. The central sag boundary fault slopebreak zones usually determined the distribution of the depocenters of ter- restrial clastic depositional systems, particularly the lowstand fans or deltaic depositional sys- tems, and have proven to be the economically important targets for the exploration of subtle sandstone reservoirs. A variety of syndepositional fault arrangement patterns, including the par- allel, en echelon, combo-like, broom-like fault systems and the fault overlap or transfer zones, have been recognized in the subbasins. They generated distinctive geomorphic features and exerted a direct influence on sediment dispersal and sandbody distribution during the Eogene synrift stage. It is the key for the prediction of depositional systems tracts and reservoir sand- stones to investigate the activity and distribution of the fault slopebreak zones and reconstruct the structural paleogeomorphy in different basin filling stages of the basin evolution.

关键词： episodic rifting, fault slopebreak zone, depositional pattern, Bohai Bay Basin.

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GEOCHEMICAL　CHARACTERISTICS　OF　THE　COAL－FORMED　GASES　IH　THE　EAST　OF　THE　CENTRAL－ASIA　COAL－FORMED　GAS　ACCUMULATION　DOMAIN──SERIES　STUDY　Ⅱ　ON　THE　CENTRAL－ASIA　COAL－FORMED　GAS　ACCUMULATION　DOMAIN

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石油勘探与开发 1995年第4期 102-107页

作者： Dai Jin-xing Li Xian-qi Song Yan Chen Ying(Scientific research institute of petroleum {3. and development, beijing, 100083).

ＧＥＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＴＨＥＣＯＡＬ－ＦＯＲＭＥＤＧＡＳＥＳＩＨＴＨＥＥＡＳＴＯＦＴＨＥＣＥＮＴＲＡＬ－ＡＳＩＡＣＯＡＬ－ＦＯＲＭＥＤＧＡＳＡＣＣＵＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＤＯＭＡＩＮ──Ｓ... 详细信息

ＧＥＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＴＨＥＣＯＡＬ－ＦＯＲＭＥＤＧＡＳＥＳＩＨＴＨＥＥＡＳＴＯＦＴＨＥＣＥＮＴＲＡＬ－ＡＳＩＡＣＯＡＬ－ＦＯＲＭＥＤＧＡＳＡＣＣＵＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＤＯＭＡＩＮ──ＳＥＲＩＥＳＳＴＵＤＹⅡＯＮＴＨＥＣ...

关键词： Natural gas Geochendstry Carbon isotope Helium isotope.

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A　COMPARISON　OF　WATER－OIL　RELATIVE　PERMEABILITY　BY　STEADY－STATE　FLOW　AND　UNSTEADY－STATE　FLOW　TECHNIQUES

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石油勘探与开发 1995年第1期 77-82页

作者： Li Ke-vin Dai Zhi-jian Jiang Yi-rong (research institute of petroleum {3. and Devepment, CNPC. beijing 100083, P. R. china)

ＡＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＯＦＷＡＴＥＲ－ＯＩＬＲＥＬＡＴＩＶＥＰＥＲＭＥＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＢＹＳＴＥＡＤＹ－ＳＴＡＴＥＦＬＯＷＡＮＤＵＮＳＴＥＡＤＹ－ＳＴＡＴＥＦＬＯＷＴＥＣＨＮＩＱＵＥＳＡＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＯＦＷＡＴＥ... 详细信息

ＡＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＯＦＷＡＴＥＲ－ＯＩＬＲＥＬＡＴＩＶＥＰＥＲＭＥＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＢＹＳＴＥＡＤＹ－ＳＴＡＴＥＦＬＯＷＡＮＤＵＮＳＴＥＡＤＹ－ＳＴＡＴＥＦＬＯＷＴＥＣＨＮＩＱＵＥＳＡＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＯＦＷＡＴＥＲ－ＯＩＬＲＥＬＡＴＩＶＥＰＥＲＭ...

关键词： Water drive Relative permeability Unsteady flow Steady flow Core test

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A NEW CALCULATION METHOD FOR GAS-WELL LIQUID LOADING CAPACITY

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2010年第6期22卷 823-828页

作者： WANG Yi-wei ZHANG Shi-cheng YAN Jin CHEN Wen-bin Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 petroleum exploration and Production research {3. S1NOPEC Beijing 100083 China Sinochem petroleum Exploitation and Production Co. Ltd Beijing 100031 china

This article proposes a new model for calculating the gas-well liquid loading capacity, which is critical to an accurate prediction of gas well production. Based on analysis of flow regime during the gas well production with water, which is regarded as many single particles in the model, with the shape of particles being assumed as disk-like ellipsoid instead of traditional sphere and changing according to the forces exerted on them, the influences of non-Darcy flow, compressibility, and non-sphere shape on friction factor are analyzed. The differences between the new model and other models are discussed and a new formula for calculating the critical flow rate is obtained. The calculation results and a comparison with other two models show that the new model is more consistent with the actual situation and is practical.

关键词： gas well accumulated liquid drag factor critical flow rate

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MESOZOIC petroleum SUPERSYSTEM IN NORTH china

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石油勘探与开发 1996年第6期23卷 85-92页

作者： Niu Jiayu Li Jinchao Xue Liangqing(research institute of petroleum {3. and Development, CNPC, beijing, 100083, china)

ＭＥＳＯＺＯＩＣ　ＰＥＴＲＯＬＥＵＭ　ＳＵＰＥＲＳＹＳＴＥＭ　ＩＮ　ＮＯＲＴＨ　ＣＨＩＮＡＭＥＳＯＺＯＩＣＰＥＴＲＯＬＥＵＭＳＵＰＥＲＳＹＳＴＥＭＩＮＮＯＲＴＨＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＮｉｕＪｉａｙｕ；ＬｉＪｉｎｃｈａｏ；Ｘｕｅ... 详细信息

ＭＥＳＯＺＯＩＣ　ＰＥＴＲＯＬＥＵＭ　ＳＵＰＥＲＳＹＳＴＥＭ　ＩＮ　ＮＯＲＴＨ　ＣＨＩＮＡＭＥＳＯＺＯＩＣＰＥＴＲＯＬＥＵＭＳＵＰＥＲＳＹＳＴＥＭＩＮＮＯＲＴＨＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＮｉｕＪｉａｙｕ；ＬｉＪｉｎｃｈａｏ；ＸｕｅＬｉａｎｇｑｉｎｇ（Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃ...

关键词： Mesozoic era Oil resource Oil and gas exploration Regional tectonic Palaeoclimate North china petroleum supersystem

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Genetic types and distribution of shallow-buried natural gases

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petroleum Science 2010年第3期7卷 347-354页

作者： Gao Yang Jin Qiang Zhu Guangyou College of Geo-resources and Information China University of Petroleum Dongying Shandong 257061 China petroleum exploration and Development institute PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

Great volumes of shallow-buried （〈2,000 m） natural gases which are mainly composed of biogases and low-mature gases have been found in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary basins in china. Many shallow gas reservoirs in china are characterized by coexistence of biogas and low-mature gas, so identifying the genetic types of shallow gases is important for exploration and development in sedimentary basins. In this paper, we study the gas geochemistry characteristics and distribution in different basins, and classify the shallow gas into two genetic types, biogas and low-mature gas. The biogases are subdivided further into two subtypes by their sources, the source rock-derived biogas and hydrocarbon-derived biogas. Based on the burial history of the source rocks, the source rock-derived biogases are divided into primary and secondary biogas. The former is generated from the source rocks in the primary burial stage, and the latter is from uplifted source rocks or those in a secondary burial stage. In addition, the identifying parameters of each type of shallow gas are given. Based on the analysis above, the distributions of each type of shallow gas are studied. The primary biogases generated from source rocks are mostly distributed in Quaternary basins or modem deltas. Most of them migrate in watersoluble or diffused mode, and their migration distance is short. Reservoir and caprock assemblages play an important role in primary biogas accumulation. The secondary biogases are distributed in a basin with secondary burial history. The oil-degraded biogases are distributed near heavy oil pools. The low-mature gases are widely distributed in shallow-buried reservoirs in the Meso-Cenozoic basins.

关键词： Primary biogas secondary biogas oil-degraded biogas low-mature gas genetic type gas identification gas accumulation distribution

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Micro-mechanisms of residual oil mobilization by viscoelastic fluids

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petroleum Science 2008年第1期5卷 56-61页

作者： Zhang Lijuan Yue Xiang＇an Guo Fenqiao Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Development Department Sinopec Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing 100083 China

Four typical types of residual oil, residual oil trapped in dead ends, oil ganglia in pore throats, oil at pore corners and oil film adhered to pore walls, were studied. According to main pore structure characteristics and the fundamental morphological features of residual oil, four displacement models for residual oil were proposed, in which pore-scale flow behavior of viscoelastic fluid was analyzed by a numerical method and micro-mechanisms for mobilization of residual oil were discussed. Calculated results indicate that the viscoelastic effect enhances micro displacement efficiency and increases swept volume. For residual oil trapped in dead ends, the flow field of viscoelastic fluid is developed in dead ends more deeply, resulting in more contact with oil by the displacing fluid, and consequently increasing swept volume. In addition, intense viscoelastic vortex has great stress, under which residual oil becomes small oil ganglia, and finally be carried into main channels. For residual oil at pore throats, its displacement mechanisms are similar to the oil trapped in dead ends. Vortices are developed in the depths of the throats and oil ganglia become smaller. Besides, viscoelastic fluid causes higher pressure drop on oil ganglia, as a driving force, which can overcome capillary force, consequently, flow direction can be changed and the displacing fluid enter smaller throats. For oil at pore corners, viscoelastic fluid can enhance displacement efficiency as a result of greater velocity and stress near the corners. For residual oil adhered to pore wall, viscoelastic fluid can provide a greater displacing force on the interface between viscoelastic fluid and oil, thus, making it easier to exceed the minimum interfacial tension for mobilizing the oil film.

关键词： Viscoelastic chemical flooding displacement mechanism residual oil swept volume

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Sequence stratigraphic framework and distribution of depositional systems for the Paleogene in Liaodong Bay area

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 1-10页

作者： ZHU XiaoMin1,DONG YanLei1,YANG JunSheng1,ZHANG Qin1,LI DeJiang2,XU ChangGui3.& YU Shui3.1 National Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting,china University of petroleum,{3. 102249,china 2 research institute of petroleum exploration and Development——Langfang,petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3.Technology Department of CNOOC Tianjin Company,Tianjin 3.0452,china china Univ Petr Natl Key Lab Petr Resources & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Langfang Langfang 065007 Peoples R China CNOOC Tianjin Co Dept Technol Tianjin 300452 Peoples R China

With a comprehensive geological and geophysical data base,the Paleogene in the Liaodong Bay area,which consists of the Kongdian,Shahejie and Donghying Formations from the base to top,was divided into 4 second-order sequences and 8 third-order sequences based on the characteristics of the se-quence boundaries. Each third-order sequence is subdivided into the lowstand,lake transgressive and highstand systems tracts. The Lowstand systems tract (LST) is mainly composed of progradational parasequence sets,while the lake transgressive systems tract (TST) largely consists of the retrograda-tional parasequence sets and the highstand systems tract (HST) is dominated by the progradational parasequence sets. The main types of depositional systems include the shallow lake,semi-deep lake,deep lake,delta,fan delta,braided fluvial delta and nearshore subaqueous fan. The braided fluvial delta and fan delta depositional systems are mainly confined to the sequences of the lower SEs4-Ek,SEs3.and SEs1+2,while the sequences of SEd3.SEd2 and SEd1 are dominated by the delta and nearshore subaqueous fan depositional systems with the latter being developed at the downthrown side of the basin-bounding fault in each sequence. The evolution of the depositional systems is always con-trolled by the paleo-tectonic setting and the ancient landform in the space and geological time. It is concluded that the most favorable reservoirs are distributed in the Liaoxi low uplift and the central Liaozhong sag.

关键词： Liaodong Bay area Paleogene sequence stratigraphy sequence boundary depositional system

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Mechanism of catalytic hydropyrolysis of sedimentary organic matter with MoS_2

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petroleum Science 2011年第2期8卷 134-142页

作者： He Kun Zhang Shuichang Mi Jingkui Chen Jianping Cheng Lei petroleum Geology research and Central Laboratory Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development （RIPED） PetroChina Beijing 100083 China CNPC Key Laboratories for petroleum Geochemistry Beijing 100083 China

MoS2 was used as an efficient catalyst for hydropyrolysis （Hypy） of three samples of sedimentary organic matter with different maturities. Through comparison with Soxhlet extraction （SE）, it was found that MoS2 catalytic Hypy can remarkably promote the yields of total chloroform extracts, saturates, aromatics, hopanes and steranes. In addition, the difference of biomarker parameters indicated that isomerization of covalently-bound biomarkers is much more difficult than their free counterparts. Meanwhile, the high conversion of total organic carbon （TOC） in MoS2 catalytic Hypy of organic matter proved that the presence of dispersed molybdenum sulfide accelerated the breaking of C-C bonds and the release of hydrocarbons. To address the catalytic mechanism, a series of control experiments based on free Hypy and catalytic Hypy were conducted. The results showed that the calculated atomic ratio of carbon conversion/hydrogen conversion for catalytic Hypy was much larger than the presumed value of 1/2, indicating that intensive hydrogenation took place and significantly influenced the distribution of liquid products. Analysis of stable hydrogen isotope data, infrared spectra and m/z 83.ion chromatograph of the saturate fraction further confirmed this hypothesis. The difference of S content changing （AS） between catalyst-free Hypy and catalytic Hypy, and the thermal characteristics of the catalyst, indicated that active H2S was definitely generated and it probably initiated free radical reactions in the early stage of hydropyrolysis of organic matter.

关键词： Catalytic hydropyrolysis molybdenum disulfide kerogen coal Soxhlet extraction,biomarkers

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