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Distribution and fractionation mechanism of stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane

Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1252-1258页

作者： QIN Shengfei1, TANG Xiuyi2, SONG Yan1 & WANG Hongyan3 1. research institute of petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, beijing 100083, china 2. Anhui Science and Technology College, Huainan 232000, china 3. Langfang Branch, research institute of petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, Langfang 065007, china research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing China Anhui Science and Technology College Huainan China Langfang Branch Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang China

The stable carbon isotope values of coalbed methane range widely, and also are gener- ally lighter than that of gases in normal coal-formed gas fields with similar coal rank. There exists strong carbon isotope fractionation in coalbed methane and it makes the carbon isotope value lighter. The correlation between the carbon isotope value and Ro in coalbed methane is less obvious. The coaly source rock maturity cannot be judged by coalbed methane carbon isotope value. The carbon isotopes of coalbed methane become lighter in much different degree due to the hydrodynamics. The stronger the hydrodynamics is, the lighter the CBM carbon isotopic value becomes. Many previous investigations indicated that the desorption-diffusion effects make the carbon isotope value of coalbed methane lighter. However, the explanation has encountered many problems. The authors of this arti- cle suggest that the flowing groundwater dissolution to free methane in coal seams and the free methane exchange with absorbed one is the carbon isotope fractionation mechanism in coalbed methane. The flowing groundwater in coal can easily take more 13CH4 away from free gas and com- paratively leave more 12CH4. This will make 12CH4 density in free gas comparatively higher than that in absorbed gas. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas then exchanges with the adsorbed methane in coal matrix. Some absorbed 13CH4 can be replaced and become free gas. Some free 12CH4 can be ab- sorbed again into coal matrix and become absorbed gas. Part of the newly replaced 13CH4 in free gas will also be taken away by water, leaving preferentially more 12CH4. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas will exchange again with adsorbed methane in the coal matrix. These processes occur all the time. Through accumulative effect, the 12CH4 will be greatly concentrated in coal. Thus, the stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane becomes dramatically lighter. Through simulation experiment on wa- ter-dissolved methane, it had been proved that the f

关键词： coalbed methane,methane stable carbon isotope,fractionation mechanism,accumulative effect.

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AN APPROACH TO CUTTINGS FLUOROLOGGING USING HEXANE AS A SUBSTITUTE

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石油勘探与开发 1997年第4期24卷 92-96页

作者： Zhao Juying(research institute of petroleum exploration and Devempment, CNPC, beijing, 100083)

It is discovered that carbon tetrachloride is a fluorescence quencher in crude oil detedion with cottings fluorologging. Hexane, which has many advantages as a substitute for carbon tetrachloride, is proposed. In this paper, four typical comparison results of fluorescence spectra of crude oil samples and some of field cores and cuttings are *** sensitivity of fluorescence analysis is increased by 10 to 35 times when we substitute hexane for carbon tetrachloride as the solvent of crude oil. We also find that the lighter the crude oil,the more Obvious the increase in analysis sensitivity. lt challenges the old concopt that coal-derived oil, condensate and some light oils do not emit fluorescence. The merit of hexane system in eliminating or reducing the fluorescent interference of modified asphalts in drilling fluids for cuttings fluorologging has also been discussed.

关键词： Cuttings logging Fluorescence analysis Hexane Carbon tetrachloride Crude oil (Fluorescence quench)

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An analysis of seismic attenuation in random porous media

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第4期53卷 628-637页

作者： LIU Jiong1, BA Jing2, MA JianWei1 & YANG HuiZhu1 1 institute of Seismic exploration, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, beijing 100084, china 2 research institute of petroleum exploration & development, petrochina, beijing 100083, china institute of Seismic exploration School of Aerospace Tsinghua University Beijing China research institute of petroleum exploration & development PetroChina Beijing China

The attenuation of seismic wave in rocks has been one of the interesting research topics, but till now no poroelasticity models can thoroughly explain the strong attenuation of wave in rocks. In this paper, a random porous medium model is designed to study the law of wave propagation in complex rocks based on the theory of Biot poroelasticity and the general theory of stochastic process. This model sets the density of grain, porosity, permeability and modulus of frame as random parameters in space, and only one fluid infiltrates in rocks for the sake of better simulation effect in line with real rocks in earth strata. Numerical simulations are implemented. Two different inverse quality factors of fast P-wave are obtained by different methods to assess attenuation through records of virtual detectors in wave field (One is amplitude decay method in time domain and the other is spectral ratio method in frequency domain). Comparing the attenuation results of random porous medium with those of homogeneous porous medium, we conclude that the attenuation of seismic wave of homogeneous porous medium is far weaker than that of random porous medium. In random porous media, the higher heterogeneous level is, the stronger the attenuation becomes, and when heterogeneity σ = 0.15 in simulation, the attenuation result is consistent with that by actual observation. Since the central frequency (50 Hz) of source in numerical simulation is in earthquake band, the numerical results prove that heterogeneous porous structure is one of the important factors causing strong attenuation in real stratum at intermediate and low frequency.

关键词： the theory of stochastic process the theory of Biot poroelasticity the attenuation of seismic wave inverse quality factor

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Characteristics,genesis and accumulation history of natural gas in Hetianhe gasfield,Tarim Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 84-95页

作者： WANG ZhaoMing 1 ,WANG QingHua 1 ,ZHAO MengJun 2 ,LI Yong 1 &XU ZhiMing 3 1 Tarim Oilfield Company,petrochina,Kuerle 841000,china 2 research institute of petroleum exploration&development,petrochina,beijing 100083,china 3 Southwest petroleum institute,Nanchong 637001,china Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Kuerle China research institute of petroleum exploration & development PetroChina Beijing China Southwest petroleum institute Nanchong China

Hetianhe gasfield in Bachu region of the Tarim Basin is mainly composed of three reservoir-caprock assembly,namely regional caprock of upper mudstone,middle mudstone and lower mudstone of the Carboniferous and reservoir of Bachu bioclastic limestone,glutenite and the Ordovician carbonate buried *** gas in Hetianhe gasfield sourced from the Cambrian source *** is thought that gases in Ma4 well block in the east of Hetianhe gasfield are mainly crude-oil cracked gases,while those in Ma3 and Ma8 well blocks in the west are the mixture gases of kerogen cracked gases and crude-oil cracked *** gas is rich in H2S and accumulated in multiply stages as the result of *** accumulation history is divided into three stages,namely accumulation and breakage in the late Caledonian-early Hercynian,migration and dissipation in the late Hercynian and accumulation in Himalayan. The main accumulation of reformed gas reservoir is in Himalayan.

关键词： gas characteristics gas genesis accumulation history Hetianhe gasfield Tarim Basin

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The components and carbon isotope of the gases in inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Paleozoic gas pools in the Ordos Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 115-121页

作者： MI JingKui 1 ,DAI JinXing 1 ,ZHANG ShuiChang 1 ,ZHANG WenZheng 2 ,GONG Se 1 &LI XianQing 3 1 research institute of petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,beijing 100083,china 2 exploration and development research institute of petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710021,china 3 Key Laboratory of Coal Resources,Ministry of Education,china University of Miningand Technology,beijing 100083,china research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing China exploration and development research institute of petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an China Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Ministry of Education China University of Miningand Technology Beijing China

The components and carbon isotope of gases in inclusions are one of the most important geochemical indexes for gas *** analysis results of the components and carbon isotope of gases from inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Palaeozoic gas pools in the Ordos Basin show that most inclusions grown in reservoir sandstone are primary *** is only a little difference about the components and carbon isotope between the well gases and the secondary inclusions *** indicated that the epigenetic change of gas pools is *** difference between the well gases and the secondary inclusions gases is caused by two reasons:(i)The well gases come from several disconnected sand bodies buried in a segment of depth,while the inclusion gases come from a point of depth.(ii)The secondary inclusions trapped the gases generated in the former stage of source rock gas generation,and the well gases are the mixed gases generated in all the *** is irresponsible to reconstruct the palaeo-temperature and palaeo-pressure under which the gas pool formed using carbon dioxide inclusions.

关键词： Ordos Basin Upper Paleozoic inclusion gas components carbon isotope

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Identification of marine natural gases with different origin sources

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 148-164页

作者： WANG YunPeng 1 ,ZHAO ChangYi 2 ,WANG ZhaoYun 2 ,WANG HongJun 2 ,TIAN Jin 1 ,ZOU YanRong 1 &LIU JinZhong1 1State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry,Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,china 2institute of Geology,research institute of petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,beijing 100083,china State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China institute of Geology Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing China

Kinetic experiments of gas generation for typical samples of marine gas precursors including low-maturity kerogen,residual kerogen and oil as well as dispersed liquid hydrocarbon(DLH)in source rocks were performed by closed system,and the evolution trends of molecular and isotopic compositions of natural gases from different precursors against the maturity(R0%)at laboratory conditions were *** diagrams of gas origin were calibrated by using the experimental data.A diagram based on the ratio of normal and isomerous butane and pentane(i/nC4-i/nC5)was proposed and used to identify the origins of the typical marine natural gases in the Sichuan Basin and the Tarim Basin, *** the maturities of natural gases were estimated by using the statistical relationships between the gaseous molecular carbon isotopic data and maturities(δ13C-R 0 %)with different *** results indicate that the molecular and isotopic compositions of simulated gases from different precursors are different from each *** example,the dryness index of the oil-cracking gas is the lowest;the dryness indices of gases from DLH and kerogen in closed system are almost the same;and the dryness index of gases from residual kerogen is extremely high,indicating that the kerogen gases are very dry;the contents of non-hydrocarbon gases in kerogen-cracking gases are far higher than those in oil-cracking and DLH-cracking *** molecular carbon isotopes of oil-cracking gases are the lightest,those of kerogen in closed system and GLH-cracking gases are the second lightest,and those of cracking gases from residual kerogen are the *** calibration results indicate that the diagrams of ln(C1/C2)-ln(C2/C3)andδ13C2-δ13C3-ln(C2/C3)can discriminate primary and secondary cracking gases,but cannot be used to identify gas origin sources,while the diagram of i/nC4-i/nC5 can differentiate the gases from different *** application results of these diagrams show that gas mixtures ext

关键词： marine organic matter gas origin sources kerogen oil-cracking gas origin identification carbon isotope

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Present geotemperature and its suggestion to natural gas generation in Xujiaweizi fault-depression of the northern Songliao Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 207-220页

作者： ZHOU QingHua 1,2 ,FENG ZiHui 3 &MEN GuangTian 3 1 research institute of petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,beijing 100083,china 2 Geological Logging Subcompany of Daqing Oil Field Company Ltd.,Daqing 163411,china 3 research institute of petroleum exploration and development of Daqing Oil field Company Ltd.,Daqing 163732,china research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing China Geological Logging Subcompany of Daqing Oil Field Company Ltd. Daqing China research institute of petroleum exploration and development of Daqing Oil field Company Ltd. Daqing China

According to stastistic of present geotemperatures at the depths of 1000,2000,3000 and 4000 m,respectively in the Xujiaweizi fault-depression of the north Songliao Basin,the result indicates that Xujiaweizi fault-depression falls in the high geotemperature area,with the higher geothermal gradient in the depression layer than that in the fault-depression *** geothermal gradient decreases with the increasing of the *** thermal conductivity of rock greatly controls the geothermal *** main factors constraining the current geotemperature include thermal configuration of the earth's crust, deep faults,distribution and abundance of *** high geotemperature is in favour of generation of deep gas.

关键词： Xujiaweizi fault-depression geotemperature geothermal gradient thermal conductivity of rock deep layer natural gas

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TTHE METHODOLOGY OF petroleum development GEOLOGY(Ⅲ)

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石油勘探与开发 1996年第4期 78-82页

作者： Qiu Yinan (research institute of petroleum exploration and development, CNPC, beijing, 100083, P.R.china)

ＴＨＥ　ＭＥＴＨＯＤＯＬＯＧＹ　ＯＦ　ＰＥＴＲＯＬＥＵＭ　ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴ　ＧＥＯＬＯＧＹ（Ⅲ）ＴＨＥＭＥＴＨＯＤＯＬＯＧＹＯＦＰＥＴＲＯＬＥＵＭＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＧＥＯＬＯＧＹ（Ⅲ）￥ＱｉｕＹｉｎａｎ（Ｒ...

ＴＨＥ　ＭＥＴＨＯＤＯＬＯＧＹ　ＯＦ　ＰＥＴＲＯＬＥＵＭ　ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴ　ＧＥＯＬＯＧＹ（Ⅲ）ＴＨＥＭＥＴＨＯＤＯＬＯＧＹＯＦＰＥＴＲＯＬＥＵＭＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＧＥＯＬＯＧＹ（Ⅲ）￥ＱｉｕＹｉｎａｎ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏ...

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Contributors and potential of hydrocarbon generation of source rocks by solid-state ^(13)C NMR spectroscopy

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第6期42卷 478-481页

作者： WANGZhaoyun, ZHAO Changyi, CHENG Keming and LU Qinghua1. research institute of petroleum exploration and development, china National petroleum Corporation, beijing 100083, china:2. University of petroleum, beijing, 100083 china research institute of petroleum exploration and development China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing China University of petroleum Beijing China

SOLID-STATE 13C nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） technique is an effective method to study the texture of material. Under the condition of high magnetic field （400 MHz） and by the application of cross polarization, magic angle spinning （CP/MAS）, total sideband suppression （TOSS）, etc., the content of different textural carbons in kerogen has been quantitatively analyzed by the solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy of a series of kerogen of thermal simulation samples with Ro value ranging from 0.64% to 1.76%. The results show that

关键词： solid 13C NMR analysis aliphatic carbon potential of hydrocarbon generation of source rocks.

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Progress and review of the studies on the end-Triassic mass extinction event

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2049-2060页

作者： DENG Shenghui1,2, LU Yuanzheng1,2,3 & XU Daoyi4 1. research institute of petroleum exploration and development, beijing 100083, china 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of petrochina, beijing 100083, china 3. china University of Geosciences, beijing 100083, china 4. institute of Geology, china Earthquake Administration, beijing 100029, china research institute of petroleum exploration and development Beijing China Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of petrochina Beijing China china University of Geosciences Beijing China institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing China

The mass extinction at the end-Triassic is one of the five biggest in the Phanerozoic. However,it is the least well understood among these five events, and only till last decade it became a great academic interesting subject to geologists. The evidences for this event come obviously from bivalves, brachiopods, ammonites, corals, radiolaria, ostracods and foraminifera of marine habitats, and plants and tetrapods of terrestrial realm. By contrast, for some of other groups, such as marine gastropods and marine vertebrates, no mass extinction has been recog-nized yet. The extinction event is strongly marked at specific level but shown a complicated situa-tion at generic and family levels. Dramatic changing of the environment, such as the temperature raise due to the greenhouse effect, the marine anoxic habitats caused by a sudden transgression after the regression at the end of Triassic, has been claimed to be the main cause of the extinction. Many hypotheses have been suggested to demonstrate the mechanisms of the environment changing, among which two popular ones are the bolide impact and volcanic eruption. The Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary mass extinction event is still poorly understood because no enough data have been obtained from the Tr-J boundary successional sections of both marine and terrestrial sediments, and most of these studies were regionally restricted. The basic aspects of the event and its associated environmental conditions remain poorly characterized and the causal mechanism or mechanisms are equivocal. Some authors even doubt its occurrence. china has many successionally developed terrestrial and marine Tr-J sections. Detailed studies of these sections may be important and significant for well understanding of the event.

关键词： progress, review, end-Triassic, mass extinction, mechanism, Tr-J boundary.

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