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Simulation of sea surface temperature changes in the Middle Pliocene warm period and comparison with reconstructions

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Science Bulletin 2011年第9期56卷 892-901页

作者： YAN Qing1,2*, ZHANG ZhongShi3,1*, WANG HuiJun1,4, JIANG DaBang1,4,5 & ZHENG WeiPeng6 1 Nansen-Zhu International research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 3 Bjerknes Centre for climate research, Uniresearch, Bergen N-5007, Norway 4 climate Change research Center, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 5 key laboratory of regional climate-environment research for temperate east asia, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 6 National key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china Nansen-Zhu International research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Bjerknes Centre for climate research UniResearch climate Change research Center Chinese Academy

The Middle Pliocene (ca 3.12–2.97 Ma) is a recent warm period in the Earth’s history. In many respects, the warmth of the Middle Pliocene is similar to the probable warm situation of the late 21st century predicted by climate models. Understanding the Middle Pliocene climate is important in predicting the future climate with global warming. Here, we used the latest reconstructions for the Middle Pliocene—Pliocene research Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) version 3—to simulate the Middle Pliocene climate with a fully coupled model Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model. From comparison of the results of simulations with reconstructions, we considered two important scientific topics of Middle Pliocene climate modeling: extreme warming in the subpolar North Atlantic and a permanent El Ni?o in the tropical Pacific. Our simulations illustrate that the global annual mean sea surface temperature (SST) in the Middle Pliocene was about 2.3°C higher than that in the pre-industrial era. The warming was stronger at midand high latitudes than at low latitudes. The simulated SST changes agree with SST reconstructions in PRISM3 data, especially for the North Atlantic, North Pacific and west coast of South America. However, there were still discrepancies between the simulation of the SST and reconstructions for the subpolar North Atlantic and tropical Pacific. In the case of the Atlantic, the weakened meridional overturning circulation in the simulation did not support the reconstruction of the extremely warm condition in the subpolar North Atlantic. In the case of the tropical Pacific, the whole ocean warmed, especially the eastern tropical Pacific, which did not support the permanent El Ni?o suggested by the reconstruction. From evaluation of the modeling and reconstruction, we suggest that the above discrepancies were due to uncertainties in reconstructions, difficulties in paleoclimate modeling and deficiencies of climate models. The discrepancies should be reduced through cons

关键词： Middle Pliocene sea surface temperature permanent El Ni?o numerical modeling extreme warming

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Correlations between North Atlantic Oscillation Index in winter and eastern china Flood/Drought Index in summer in the last 530 years

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chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第21期50卷 2505-2516页

作者： FU Congbin & ZENG Zhaomei key laboratory of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences START regional Center for temperate east asia, beijing 100029, china key laboratory of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China START regional Center for temperate east asia Beijing 100029 China

The time series of winter North Atlantic Oscil-lation Index (NAOI) in the period of 1429-1983 developed by Glueck and summer Flood/Drought Index (FDI) of eastern china in the period of 1470-1999 from 100 stations are used in this paper to study the potential impact of North Atlantic Oscillation on the climate in china. The analysis has ex-plored some significant lag correlations between FDI and NAOI. The maximum positive correlation coefficients be-tween NAOI and area-mean FDI in eastern and northern china lagging 2-3 years reach at 0.001 significance level, and while there are also negative correlation between NAOI and FDI in central and southern china at significance level of 0.05-0.01. The correlation between FDI and NAOI is time-dependent, i.e. the correlation coefficients between two indices vary from period to period. The highest correlation appeared in the period of 1636-1742, around the Little Ice Age, with the significant level of far above 0.001. The second significant period was from 1951 to 1999, at the level of 0.005-0.002. Both the power spectrum analysis and Morlet wavelet transformation have presented an interesting phe-nomenon: the area-mean FDIs in eastern and northern china share almost the same oscillation periods with NAOI in the inter-annual, decadal and centurial scales’ oscillations, i.e. 4-5, about 10, 20-30, around 50 and 80-100 years, etc. The Mann-Kendall Rank Statistic test reveals the significant trend and decadal abrupt changes in the series of area-mean FDIs in eastern and northern china in the past 530 years, while the NAOI in the past 400 years, did not show such trend at the significance level, but presented more frequent changes than those of FDI in china. This difference is per-haps due to the fact that the amplitude of the extremes of reconstructed NAOI series is less than that from instrumen-tal records.

关键词：中国洪水干旱气候变化大西洋振动系数

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Water-vapor source shift of Xinjiang region during the recent twenty years

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第5期17卷 569-575页

作者： Dai Xingang , Li Weijing , Ma Zhuguo and Wang Ping (key laboratory of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china laboratory for climate Change, chinese Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, china) key laboratory of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China laboratory for climate Change Chinese Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

The aim of this paper is to investigate the climate water-vapor sources of Xinjiang region and their shifts during the past 20 years. First, the principle and steps are roughly regulated to seek the water-vapor sources. Second, the climate stationary water-vapor transport in troposphere is calculated to distinguish where the water vapor comes from by ERA-40 reanalysis. In addition, the collocation between the transport and the atmospheric column water vapor content is analyzed. The results show that the major vapor comes from the west side of Xinjiang for mid-month of seasons, apart from July while the water vapor comes from the north or northwest direction. The water vapor sources are different for different seasons, for example, the Caspian Sea and Mediterranean are the sources in January and April, the North Atlantic and the Arctic sea in July, and the Black Sea and Caspian Sea in October, respectively. In recent ten years more water vapor above Xinjiang comes from the high latitudes and the Arctic sea with global warming, and less from Mediterranean in comparison with the case of 1973—1986. In fact, the air over subtropics becomes dry and the anomalous water vapor transport direction turns to west or southwest during 1987—2000. By contrast, the air over middle and high latitudes is warmer and wetter than 14 years ago.

关键词： global warming water-vapor source water-vapor transport precipitable water Xinjiang climate inter-decadal change.

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Some evidence of drying trend over northern china from 1951 to 2004

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chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第23期51卷 2913-2925页

作者： MA Zhuguo1,2 & FU Congbin1,2 1. key laboratory of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 2. START regional Center for temperate east asia, Institute of Atmos-pheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china key laboratory of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China START regional Center for temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The surface wetness index, Palmer drought sererity index and the retrieval of soil moisture over china were calculated using monthly precipitation and monthly mean surface air temperature. Based on the contrast analysis of the variation of the above three indices and precipitation, the dry/wet spatio-temporal pattern of northern china in the last 54 years was revealed, and the evidence of drying trend over northern china was analyzed, especially. The results show the following four facts: (1) The drying trend is the main characteristic of the eastern part of Northwest china and the central part of North china since the 1980s and it was enhanced in the last 15 years mainly due to the precipitation decrease and the temperature increase; (2) During the last 54 years, there was only one dry/wet shift at the interdecadal scale occurring in the eastern part of Northwest china and the central part of North china in the late 1970s, which was related to 1977/1978 global abrupt change, whereas there were three shifts in Northeast china, one was in the mid 1990s and the other two were in 1965 and 1983, respectively; (3) Unlike the variation trend of other subregions of northern china, the western part of Northwest china is currently located in a relatively wetting period, which is weak-ened due to the temperature increase; (4) The extreme drought frequency is obviously increasing in the eastern part of Northwest china, the central part of North china and Northeast china since the 1980s, which is closely related to the precipitation decrease and temperature increase in these subregions.

关键词：中国北方干燥趋向干旱索引气候背景

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Modeling the climate effects of different subregional uplifts within the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau on asian summer monsoon evolution

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chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第35期57卷 4617-4626页

作者： ZHANG Ran 1,JIANG DaBang 1,2,3,LIU XiaoDong 4 & TIAN ZhiPing 2,5 1 climate Change research Center,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100029,china 2 Nansen-Zhu International research Centre,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100029,china 3 key laboratory of regional climate-environment research for temperate east asia,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100029,china 4 State key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth environment,chinese academy of sciences,Xi’an 710075,china 5 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china climate Change research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Nansen-Zhu International research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China key laboratory of regional climate-environment research for temperate east asia Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Considering the different uplifting time of different subregions of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau(TP),a series of numerical simulations have been conducted with the Community Atmosphere Model(CAM4) developed at the National Center for Atmospheric research to explore the effects of the phased tectonic uplift of the Himalaya-TP on the evolution of asian summer *** results show that the uplifts of the Himalaya and northern TP significantly affect the evolutions of South asian summer monsoon and northern east asian summer monsoon *** is,the tectonic uplift of the Himalaya intensifies the South asian summer monsoon circulation and increases the precipitation in South asia,whereas the uplift of the northern TP intensifies the northern east asian summer monsoon circulation and increases the precipitation in northern east *** with previous simulations,current comparative analyses of modeling results for different subregional uplifts within the Himalaya-TP help deepen our understanding of the evolutionary history of asian monsoons.

关键词：青藏高原隆升喜马拉雅亚洲季风高原气候夏季季风次区域隆起演化建模

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Inertial theory of the mean Hadley circulation under the condition of nonstatic equilibrium

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第5期49卷 546-553页

作者： CHAO Jiping1 & LIU Fei2,3 1. National Marine environmental Forecasting Center, beijing 100081, china 2. key laboratory regional climate-environment for temperate east asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 3. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china National Marine environmental Forecasting Center Beijing China key laboratory regional climate-environment for temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Tropical atmosphere is divided into two layers, the layer near the ground is the planet boundary layer, where the motion is linear, if the radiation equilibrium temperature is given at the top of the boundary layer, the vertical motion there can be obtained. It is the non-viscous ideal atmos- pheric layer above the boundary one, where the motion is nonlinear. After getting the conservation laws of angular momentum, potential temperature and potential vortex, the inertial theory of the Hadley circulation driven by the vertical motion of the boundary layer is established, followed by sev- eral examples of its application.

关键词： Hadley circulation, inertial theory, conservation laws of angular momentum, potential temperature and potential vortex.

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regional soil moisture simulation for Shaanxi Province using SWAT model validation and trend analysis

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第4期53卷 575-590页

作者： LI MingXing1,2,MA ZhuGuo1 & DU JiWen3 1 key laboratory of regional climate-environment research for temperate east asia,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100029,china 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china 3 Shaanxi Administration of Meteorology,Xi’an 710014,china key laboratory of regional climate-environment research for temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Shaanxi Administration of Meteorology Xi’an China

The soil moisture in Shaanxi Province,a region with complex topography,is simulated using the distributed hydrological model Soil Water Assessment Tool(SWAT).Comparison and contrast of modeled and observed soil moisture show that the SWAT model can reasonably simulate the long-term trend in soil moisture and the spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture in the *** to NCEP/NCAR and ERA40 reanalysis of soil moisture show that the trend of variability in soil moisture simulated by SWAT is more consistent with the *** model results suggested that high soil moisture in surface soil layers appears in the southern Shaanxi with high vegetation cover,and the Qinling mountainous region with frequent orographic *** deeper soil layers,high soil moisture appears in the river basins and *** regional soil moisture showed a generally decreasing trend on all soil layers from 1951 to 2004,with a stronger and significant decreasing trend in deeper soil layers,especially in the northern parts of the province.

关键词： SWAT soil moisture content simulation validation trend analysis

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Spatial patterns of ecosystem carbon residence time in chinese forests

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中国科学：地球科学英文版 2010年第8期53卷 1229-1240页

作者： ZHOU Tao1,2, SHI PeiJun1,2, JIA GenSuo3, LI XiuJuan1,2 & LUO YiQi4 1 State key laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china 2 academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education, beijing 100875, china 3 key laboratory of regional climate-environment research for temperate east asia, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 4 Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA State key laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing China academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education Beijing China key laboratory of regional climate-environment research for temperate east asia Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma Norman USA

Capacity of carbon sequestration in forest ecosystem largely depends on the trend of net primary production (NPP) and the length of ecosystem carbon residence time. Retrieving spatial patterns of ecosystem carbon residence time is important and necessary for accurately predicting regional carbon cycles in the future. In this study, a data-model fusion method that combined a process-based regional carbon model (TECO-R) with various ground-based ecosystem observations (NPP, biomass, and soil organic carbon) and auxiliary data sets (NDVI, meteorological data, and maps of vegetation and soil texture) was applied to estimate spatial patterns of ecosystem carbon residence time in chinese forests at steady state. In the data-model fusion, the genetic algorithm was used to estimate the optimal model parameters related with the ecosystem carbon residence time by minimizing total deviation between modeled and observed values. The results indicated that data-model fusion technology could effectively retrieve model parameters and simulate carbon cycling processes for chinese forest ecosystems. The estimated carbon residence times were highly heterogenous over china, with most of regions having values between 24 and 70 years. The deciduous needleleaf forest and the evergreen needleleaf forest had the highest averaged carbon residence times (73.8 and 71.3 years, respectively), the mixed forest and the deciduous broadleaf forest had moderate values (38.1 and 37.3 years, respectively), and the evergreen broadleaf forest had the lowest value (31.7 years). The averaged carbon residence time of forest ecosystems in china was 57.8 years.

关键词： carbon residence time carbon cycle forest ecosystem data-model fusion inverse modeling genetic algorithm

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Phosphorus release: A biogeochemical insight from a restored lakeside wetland in the Yangtze-Huaihe region, china

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Journal of environmental sciences 2010年第3期22卷 347-354页

作者： Xiaoling Zhou, Baoqing Shan, Hong Zhang State key laboratory of environmental Aquatic Chemistry, research Center for Eco-environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china. State key laboratory of environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The heavy intensification of agriculture in east china since the 1980s caused the decrease of lake area and water storage capacity with impediment of regulation, lake eutrophication and frequent floods. Many restoration projects have been conducted. However, the knowledge of biogeochemical factors that drive nutrient cycles during the early stage of restoration is still limited. We studied the effect of the remediation of a patch of near-shore shallow wetland on the northern bank of Chaohu Lake in the Yangtze-Huaihe region, china, which was used as rice paddy for many years, on the behavior of phosphorus. Redox potential （ORP）, temperature and dissolved oxygen were monitored in situ from May 2006 to November 2007. Samples of soil pore water were collected during this time for the determination of different forms of iron and phosphorus. ORP showed a clear transition of the wetland soil from an oxidized state in winter to a reduced state in summer. The decrease of ORP correlated with the release of large amounts of Fe and P. The maxima of total dissolved Fe and total dissolved P in the summer of the second year were （13.8 ± 6.8） mg/L and （0.88 ± 0.27） mg/L, respectively. It is worth noticing that P concentration far exceeded the critical value of lake eutrophication （0.02 mg/L）. The pressure of P release to the adjacent lake during the first two years of wetland restoration from rice fields should be taken into account by environmental policy makers.

关键词： wetland restoration phosphorus eutrophication redox potential iron

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Features and distribution patterns of chinese endemic seed plant species

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第2期49卷 81-94页

作者： 1,2,3 Ji-Hong HUANG 1,4 Jian-Hua CHEN 5 Jun-Sheng YING 1 Ke-Ping MA 1 (State key laboratory of Vegetation and environmental Change, Institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100093, china) 2 (Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china) 3 (Center for Documentation and Information, Institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100093, china) 4 (Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, china) 5 (research Center of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100093, china) (State key laboratory of Vegetation and environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China) (Center for Documentation and Information Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China) (research Center of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China)

We compiled and identified a list of chinese endemic seed plant species based on a large number of published references and expert reviews. The characters of these seed plant species and their distribution patterns were described at length. china is rich in endemic seed plants, with a total of 14 939 species (accounting for 52.1% of its total seed plant species) belonging to 1584 genera and 191 families. temperate families and genera have a significantly higher proportion of endemism than cosmopolitan and tropical ones. The most primitive and derived groups have significantly higher endemism than the other groups. The endemism of tree, shrub, and liana or vine is higher than that of total species; in contrast, the endemism of herb is lower than that of total species. Geographically, these chinese endemic plants are mainly distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, southwest china. Species richness and proportion of these endemic plants decrease with increased latitude and have a unimodal response to altitude. The peak value of proportion of endemism is at higher altitudes than that of total species and endemic species richness. The proportions of endemic shrub, liana or vine, and herb increase with altitude and have a clear unimodal curve. In contrast, the proportion of tree increases with altitude, with a sudden increase at ～4000 m and has a completely different model. To date, our study provides the most comprehensive list of chinese endemic seed plant species and their basic composition and distribution features.

关键词： biodiversity conservation distribution pattern endemism flora of china seed plants.

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