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Control of atmospheric CO_2 concentrations by 2050: A calculation on the emission rights of different countries

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Science China Earth sciences 2009年第10期52卷 1447-1469页

作者： DING ZhongLi1, DUAN XiaoNan2, GE QuanSheng3 & ZHANG ZhiQiang4 1 Institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, China 2 The General Office of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100864, China 3 Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, China 4 The Lanzhou Branch of the National Science Library, the Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment, Lanzhou 730000, China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China The General Office of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100864 China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy

This paper is to provide quantitative data on some critical issues in anticipation of the forthcoming international negotiations in Denmark on the control of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Instead of letting only a small number of countries dominate a few controversial dialogues about emissions reductions, a comprehensive global system must be established based on emissions allowances for different countries, to realize the long-term goal of controlling global atmospheric CO2 concentrations. That a system rooted in "cumulative emissions per capita," the best conception of the "common but differentiated responsibilities" principle affirmed by the Kyoto Protocol according to fundamental standards of fairness and justice, was demonstrated. Based on calculations of various countries' cumulative emissions per capita, estimates of their cumulative emissions from 1900 to 2005, and their annual emissions allowances into the future (2006―2050), a 470 ppmv atmospheric CO2 concentration target was set. According to the following four objective indicators―total emissions allowance from 1900 to 2050, actual emissions from 1900 to 2005, emissions levels in 2005, and the average growth rate of emissions from 1996 to 2005―all countries and regions whose population was more than 300000 in 2005 were divided into four main groups: countries with emissions deficits, countries and regions needing to reduce their gross emissions, countries and regions needing to reduce their emissions growth rates, and countries that can maintain the current emissions growth rates. Based on this proposal, most G8 countries by 2005 had already expended their 2050 emissions allowances. The accu-mulated financial value based on emissions has reached more than 5.5 trillion US dollars (20 dollars per ton of CO2). Even if these countries could achieve their ambitious emissions reduction targets in the future, their per capita emissions from 2006 to 2050 would still be much higher than those of developing coun

关键词： international negotiations on climate change cumulative emissions per capita emission allowance

Long term monitoring of urban subsidence by Permanent Scatterer DInSAR

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第1期17卷 107-111页

作者： TANG Yixian, ZHANG Hong and WANG Chao ( The chinese Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100086, China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing IRSA, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, China) [a]The chinese Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [b]State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing IRSA Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

When using differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) to monitor the surface deformation over a long time scale, it is often strongly affected by the spatial and temporal decorrelations and atmospheric dishomogeneities. The recently developed Permanent Scatterers (PS) technique proposed by Fertti et al. can overcome these difficulties by interpreting time-series of interferometric phase only at coherent point scatterers. In this study, we apply this PS technique using 25 ERS-1/2 scenes from 1992 to 2000 to monitor the subsidence in Suzhou. By using the linear deformation model, the deformation map in Suzhou urban area over the eight years is obtained. And the calculated results are in good agreement with the measurements of leveling.

关键词： Permanent Scatterer differential SAR interferometry urban subsidence.

CONVERGENCE OF NONLINEAR CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHODS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2001年第5期19卷 539-548页

作者： Yu-hong Dai (LSEC, ICMSEC, academy of Mathematics and Systems sciences, chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100080, China) 中科院计算数学与科学工程计算所北京 100080

Presents a study on methods for unconstrained optimization. Assumptions of the study; Main results; Convergence properties of the methods under simplified Armijo-type line search.

关键词： unconstrained optimization conjugate gradient (generalized) line search global convergence

COMPOSITE-STEP LIKE FILTER METHODS FOR EQUALITY CONSTRAINT PROBLEMS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2003年第5期21卷 613-624页

作者： Pu-yan Nie(LSEC, ICMSEC, academy of Mathematics and System sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080, China) 中科院数学与系统科学院 LSEC ICMSEC CAS 北京 100080

In a composite-step approach, a step Sk is computed as the sum of two components Uk and hk. The normal component Vk, which is called the vertical step, aims to improve the linearized feasibility, while the tangential component hk, which is also called horizontal step, concentrates on reducing a model of the merit functions. As a filter method, it reduces both the infeasibility and the objective function. This is the same property of these two methods. In this paper, one concerns the composite-step like filter approach. That is, a step is tangential component hk if the infeasibility is reduced. Or else, Sk is a composite step composed of normal component Uk, and tangential component hk.

关键词： Composite-step like approaches Filter methods Equality constraints Sequen- tial quadratic programming(SQP) algorithms Normal component Tangential component Convergence.

MODELLING AND NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF A GAUGE PERIODIC TIME DEPENDENT GINZBURG-LANDAU MODEL FOR TYPE-Ⅱ SUPERCONDUCTORS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 1997年第4期15卷 365-384页

作者： Zhi-ming Chen (Institute of Mathematics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing, China) 中科院数学所北京

In this paper we seek the solutions of the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau model for type-Ⅱ superconductors such that the associated physical observables are spatially periodic with respect to some lattice whose basic lattice cell is not necessarily rectangular. After appropriately foring the gange, the model can be formulated as a system of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations with quasi-periodic boundary conditions. We first give some results concerning the existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions and then we propose a semiimplicit finite element scheme solving the system of nonlinear partial dmerential equations and show the optimal error estimates both in the L2 and energy *** also report on some numerical results at the end of the paper.

关键词： Math QT MODELLING AND NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF A GAUGE PERIODIC TIME DEPENDENT GINZBURG-LANDAU MODEL FOR TYPE SUPERCONDUCTORS

SYMPLECTIC COMPUTATION OF HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS (I)

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2002年第3期20卷 267-276页

作者： Yi-fa Tang(LSEC,ICMSEC,academy of Mathematics and System sciences, chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100080, China) 中科院数学与系统科学院 LSEC ICMSEC CAS 北京 100080

Presents information on a study which discussed a symplectic computation of hamiltonian systems. Terms of formal energy of mid-point rule; Analysis of the mathematical pendulum to test the convergence of the formal en... 详细信息

关键词： mid-point rule formal energy

Multi Functions of △μH^+:A New Idea on Understanding Mitchell's Theory

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生物物理学报 2009年第S1期25卷 410-411页

作者： Xu Jian-xing Institute of biophysics,chinese academy of Science,beijing100101,China

Mitchell’s theory is a breakthrough on the understanding of oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria, whereas the controversy on this theory is never stop even after Mitchell

关键词： Multi Functions of A New Idea on Understanding Mitchell’s Theory

A NOTE ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF SYMPLECTIC SCHEMES FOR SPLITABLE HAMILTONIAN H = H^((1)) + H^((2)) + H^((3))

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2002年第1期20卷 89-96页

作者： Yi-fa Tang (LSEC ICMSEC academy of Mathematics and System sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080, China) 中科院数学与系统科学院 LSEC ICMSEC CAS 北京 100080

In this note, we will give a proof for the uniqueness of 4th-order time-reversible sym- plectic difference schemes of 13th-fold compositions of phase flows φtH(1) , φtH(2) , φtH(3) with different temporal parameter... 详细信息

关键词： Time-Reversible symplectic scheme Splitable hamiltonian.

Optimization of mathematical models for thematic maps

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 15-24页

作者： QI QingWen1,ZHANG An1,JIANG LiLi1,ZOU XiuPing2,XU Li3 & CHENG Xi1,4 1 Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100101,China 2 Institute of Policy and Management,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100080,China 3 Taishan University,Taian 271021,China 4 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,China chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Inst Policy & Management Beijing 100080 Peoples R China Taishan Univ Tai An 271021 Shandong Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

The thematic map is a major class of maps designed to demonstrate particular features or concepts,functioning as an indispensable tool in geographical *** process of thematic mapping is one into which geographical research goes deeply and *** key activity and course of thematic map production is the use of mathematical models to create thematic data ***,the selection and optimization of mathematical models is in the forefront of thematic map *** theoretical foundations,mechanisms and methods of mathematical model optimization are expounded in this paper,including two approaches,the phase by phase mode and the multi-aim scheme balance *** studies in eco-environment mapping and emergency mapping are described and analyzed,with a hierarchical analysis method being used in the model optimization for eco-environment fragility and sensitivity assessment mapping in Beibuwan (Guangxi) District,the dynamic system (DS) method being used in the model optimization for ecological security adjustment mapping in Xishuang Banna,Yunnan province,and the multi-phase mode being used in the models for forest fire and infectious diseases mapping.

关键词： thematic map mathematic model optimization