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Design of policy mechanism to promote cleaner production in china

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2001年第3期13卷 346-350页

作者： ZHANG Tian zhu(Department of Environmental science and engineering, tsinghua university, beijing 100084. china. Department of Environmental science and engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. zhangtz@***

In order to promote cleaner production in china, a package of policy options was presented based on the identification of the barriers encountered in the CP demonstration project and the effectiveness and feasibility of policy options for the CP implementation were analyzed. Furthermore, the policy mechanism framework was given, which composes of compulsory, economic incentive, social pressure and supportive function. Finally, the implementation strategy of the policy mechanism, in which the emphasis will be changed from compulsory policy options towards economic and social pressure policy options, was proposed.

关键词： cleaner production barrier identification policy mechanism china

Expression of lignin peroxidase H2 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium by multi-copy recombinant Pichia strain

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2009年第2期21卷 218-222页

作者： WANG Wei,WEN Xianghua Department of Environmental science and engineering,tsinghua university,beijing 100084.china. Department of Environmental science and engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The lipH2 gene, encoding the expression of lignin peroxidase, was cloned from Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 and expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33, a yeast. The cDNA of LiPH2 was generated from total RNA extracted from P chrysosporium by PCR with primers that do not contain a P. chrysosporium lignin peroxidase secretion signal. The gene was then successfully inserted into the expression vector pPICZα, and resulted in the recombinant vector pPICZα-lipH2. The transformation was conducted in two ways. One was using the wild Pichia pastoris as the recipients, which results in the recombinant P. pastoris with single or low lipH2 gene copy. The second was using P. pastoris and single or low lipH2 gene copy as the recipients, which results in the recombinant P. pastoris with multi-copies of lipH2 genes. This study firstly expressed the gene lipH2 in P. pastoris and achieved the successful expression of the lipH2 depending upon the generation of a recombinant strain that contained multiple copies. The lignin peroxidase activity reached a maximum of 15 U/L after 12 h induction.

关键词： heterologous expression lignin peroxidase Pichia pastoris

Studies of the unsteady supersonic base flows around three afterbodies

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2009年第4期25卷 471-479页

作者： Zhixiang Xiao Song Fu School of Aerospace engineering,tsinghua university, 100084.beijing, china School of Aerospace engineering Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing China

Unsteady supersonic base flows around three afterbodies, cylindrical （Cy）, boattailed （BT） and three-step （MS）, are investigated in this paper. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） and two RANS/LES （large-eddy simulation） hybrid methods, detached eddy simulation （DES） and delayed-DES （DDES）, are used to predict the base flow characteristics around the baseline Cy afterbody. All the RANS and hybrid methods are based on the two-equation SST （shear-stress transport） model with compressible corrections （CC）. According to the comparison of measurements, both DES and DDES can produce more satisfactory results than RANS. RANS can only present the ＂stable＂ flow pat- terns, while the hybrid methods can demonstrate unsteady flow structures. DDES and DES results are little different from one another although the latter exhibits better agreement with the experiment. DES is taken to investigate the 5° BT and three-step afterbodies. The mean flow data and the instantaneous turbulent coherent structures are compared against available measurements.

关键词： Cylindrical Boattailed and three-stepafterbodies DES and DDES Unsteady flow

SURFACE MODIFICATION OF CaCO_3 WITH DENDRITIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2002年第3期20卷 231-235页

作者： Zhao-xia Guo Jian Yu Institute of Polymer science and engineering Department of Chemical engineering tsinghua university beijing 100084.china Tsing Hua Univ Dept Chem Engn Inst Polymer Sci & Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

Nanometer calcium carbonate was modified with Frechet type polyether dendrons bearing a COOH group at thefocal point by a wet-coating technique in dichloromethane at room temperature. The interaction between CaCO;and thedendritic modifier was proven by IR and mass spectroscopy of the modified CaCO;after thorough extraction withdichloromethane. The amount of tightly bonded organic modifier was estimated by TGA. It was shown that the amount ofbonded molecules decreased with increasing generation number due to the larger number of branches. Compared tounmodified CaCO;, the modified CaCO;possess different dispersibility in water and in organic solvents.

关键词： calcium carbonate surface modification polyether dendrimer dendritic carboxylic acid

Numerical Simulation of Shrinkage Cavity Formation in Spheroidal Graphite Iron Castings Based on Micro Modeling

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 1998年第1期12卷 9-12页

作者： Wenzhen Li Baicheng Liu Shantong Jin (Metallurgy engineering School, university of science and Technology beijing, beijing 100083, china)(Department of Mechanical engineering, tsinghua university, beijing 100084. china) Metallurgy engineering School University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Department of Mechanical engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

A micro-modeling method (MM) for the quantitative prediction of the shrinkage cavity formation in SGiron castings is proposed. The mathematical models describing the volume changes during the solidification ofspheroidal graphite cast iron are established based on the models of solidification kinetics. The shrinkage cavityformation of T-shaped SG iron castings is calculated with MM method. The calculated results are compared with theexperimental results. It is shown that the predicted size, shape and distribution of shrinkage cavity by MM methodare in good agreement with the measured results.

关键词： solidification shrinkage numerical simulation micro modeling spheroidal graphite cast iron

CO_2 Mitigation in Coal Gasification Cogeneration Systems with Integration of the Shift Reaction, CO_2 Absorption and Methanol Production

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Journal of Thermal science 2004年第3期13卷 193-198页

作者： Yuanyuan DUAN Jin ZHANG Key Laboratory of Thermal science and Power engineering, Department of Thermal engineering, tsinghua university, beijing 100084. china Key Laboratory of Thermal science and Power engineering Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

Cogeneration of electricity and liquid fuel can achieve higher efficiencies than electricity generation alone in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), and cogeneration systems are also expected to mitigate CO2 emissions. A proposed methanol-electricity cogeneration system was analyzed in this paper using exergy method to evaluate the specified system. A simple cogeneration scheme and a complicated scheme including the shift reaction and CO2 removal were compared. The results show that the complicated scheme consumes more energy, but has a higher methanol synthesis ratio with partial capture of *** those methanol and electricity cogeneration systems, the CO2 mitigation is not merely an additional process that consumes energy and reduces the overall efficiency, but is integrated into the methanol production.

关键词： cogeneration system methanol synthesis CO2 mitigation exergy analysis

Development of SOM combustion model for Reynolds-averaged and large-eddy simulation of turbulent combustion and its validation by DNS

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science china(Technological sciences) 2008年第8期51卷 1073-1086页

作者： ZHOU LiXing Department of engineering Mechanics, tsinghua university, beijing 100084. china Department of engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The derivation and closure methods of the second-order moment (SOM) combus- tion model are proposed. The application of this model to Reynolds averaged (RANS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent swirling diffusion combustion, jet diffusion combustion, and bluff-body stabilized premixed combustion is sum- marized. It is indicated that the SOM model is much better than the eddy-beak-up (EBU) and presumed PDF models widely used in commercial software and engi- neering. The SOM modeling results are close to those obtained using the most accurate but much more complex PDF equation model. Moreover, it can save much more computation time than the PDF equation model. Finally, the SOM model is validated by the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent reacting channel flows.

关键词： turbulent combustion second-order moment model Reynolds averaged simulation large-eddy simulation

Hot Corrosion of Iron in the Presence of Salt Mixture Deposit Containing NaCl and V_2O_5 at 600℃

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 1996年第6期12卷 445-451页

作者： Lingchuan LI (Dept. of Materials science and engineering, tsinghua university beijing 100084. china)Rizhang ZHU (Dept. of Surface science and Corrosion engineering, university of science and Technology beijing, beijing 100083, china)(To whom correspondenc Dept. of Materials science and engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Dept. of Surface science and Corrosion engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Instiuto di Chimica Facolta di Ingegneria Università di Genova Fiera del Mare Pad.D 16129 Genova Italy

Iron suffered low temperature hot corrosion (LTHC) in the presence of salt deposits of Na2SO4,Na2SO4 mixed with NaCl and Na2SO4 mixed with V2O5 in a combustion gas at 600℃. The additions of NaCl to Na2SO4 and of V2O5 to Na2SO4 changed the corrosion kinetics significantly and modified the scale structure markedly It is proposed that trivalent iron ions were more favored than divalent ions in the eutectic responsible for the occurrence of LTHC when NaCl was present, while the reaction between Na2SO4 mixed with V2O5 and the gas formed (Na2O)xV2O4(V2O5)6-x providing directly the liquid required by LTHC. The suphide formation in the inner FeO larer was related to the sites of the reduction step wher SO2 was released.

关键词： SO NaCl

Effect of Coarse Aggregate Size on Relationship between Stress and Crack Opening in Normal and High Strength Concretes

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2005年第5期21卷 85-94页

作者： Jun ZHANG Qian LIU and Lin WANGDepaxtment of Civil engineering, tsinghua university, beijing 100084. china Department of Civil engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Fine and coarse aggregates play an important role in the fracture of concrete. However, quantitative informationavailable on the effect of the coarse aggregate size on the fracture properties of concrete is still limited. In the presentpaper, the effect of coarse aggregate size (single grade of 5~10, 10~16, 16~20 and 20~25 mm) on stress-crackopening (σ-ω) relation in normal and high strength concretes (compressive strength of 40 and 80 MPa, respectively)was studied. The investigation was based on three-point bending tests implemented by fictitious crack analysis. Theresult shows that coarse aggregate size and cement matrix strength significantly influence the shape of σ-ω *** a given total aggregate content, in normal strength concrete, smaller size of aggregate leads to a high tensilestrength and a sharp stress drop after the peak stress. The smaller the coarse aggregate, the steeper the σ-ω *** contrast, in high strength concrete, the effect of aggregate size on σ-ω relation almost vanishes. A similar σ-ωrelation is obtained for the concrete except for the case of 20~25 mm coarse aggregate size. The stress drop afterthe peak stress is more significant for high strength concrete than that for normal strength concrete. Meanwhile, thesmaller the coarse aggregate size, the higher the flexural strength. Fracture energy and characteristic length increasewith increasing coarse aggregate size in both normal and high strength concretes.

关键词： Aggregate size Stress-crack opening relation Fracture energy Bending test