检索结果-南通市图书馆

Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第3期8卷 484-494页

作者： DONG Zhiwen LI Zhongqin ZHANG Mingjun WANG Feiteng WU Lihua State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute /Tianshan Glaeiological Station CAS Lanzhou 730000 China College of Geography and Environment Science Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Snow chemistry on the glaciers of alpine regions is a good indicator of atmospheric environmental *** examine snow chemistry in three snowpits at different altitudes on the Haxilegen Glacier No.51,in the Kuitun River source,Tian Shan,china,during July-September 2004 to *** use correlation analysis,factor analysis and sea-salt tracing methods to examine the characteristics and sources of major ions and mineral dust particles in the *** show that mineral dust particles and major ions in the snow pits vary *** the Asian dust period in springtime,the concentration of mineral dust particles and major ions deposited in snow is high,while the concentration is relatively low during the non-dust period of summer and *** may be caused by dust storm activity in central *** order of major ionic concentrations in the snow packs was determined to be Ca2+ > SO42-> NH4+ > NO3-> Cl-> Na+ > Mg2+ > K+.Ca2+ was the dominant cation;SO42- was the dominant *** find,with the exception of NO3-,that the variabilities of ionic concentrations are highly *** show that the glacier region was significantly affected by dust activity and anthropogenic *** major ions,especially Na+,originate from dust sources of central Asia and from the Ocean,transported by the westerly winds.

关键词： Snow chemistry Mineral dust environmental significance Haxilegen glacier No. 51 Tian Shan

Bioremediation of Oil Spills in cold Environments: A Review

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 371-381页

作者： YANG Si-Zhong JIN Hui-Jun WEI Zhi HE Rui-Xia JI Yan-Jun LI Xiu-Mei YU Shao-Peng State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil engineering Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 （China） lanzhou institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 （China） Department of Geography Harbin College Harbin 150086 （China）

Oil spills have become a serious problem in cold environments with the ever-increasing resource exploitation, transportation, storage, and accidental leakage of oil. Several techniques, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, are used to recover spilled oil from the environment. Bioremediation is a promising option for remediation since it is effective and economic in removing oil with less undue environmental damages. However, it is a relatively slow process in cold regions and the degree of success depends on a number of factors, including the properties and fate of oil spilled in cold environments, and the major microbial and environmental limitations of bioremediation. The microbial factors include bioavailability of hydrocarbons, mass transfer through the cell membrane, and metabolic limitations. As for the environmental limitations in the cold regions, the emphasis is on soil temperatures, freeze-thaw processes, oxygen and nutrients availability, toxicity, and electron acceptors. There have been several cases of success in the polar regions, particularly in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. However, the challenges and constraints for bioremediation in cold environments remain large.

关键词： bioremediation cold environments freeze-thaw processes frozen soils oil spills

Rainfall partitioning by desert shrubs in arid regions

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

research in cold and arid regions 2009年第3期1卷 215-229页

作者： Bing Liu, WenZhi Zhao Linze Inland River Basin research Station, Laboratory of Heihe River Eco-Hydrology and Basin Science, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 730000, Gansu, china chinese Acad Sci Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst Lab Heihe River Ecohydrol & Basin Sci Linze Inland River Basin Res Stn Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China

We measured the rainfall partitioning among throughfall, stemflow, and interception by desert shrubs in an arid region of china, and analyzed the influence of rainfall and canopy characteristics on this partitioning and its ecohydrological effects. The percent-ages of total rainfall accounted for by throughfall, stemflow, and interception ranged from 78.85±2.78 percent to 86.29±5.07 per-cent, from 5.50±3.73 percent to 8.47±4.19 percent, and from 7.54±2.36 percent to 15.95±4.70 percent, respectively, for the four shrubs in our study (Haloxylon ammodendron, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Tamarix ramosissima, and Nitraria sphaerocarpa). Rain-fall was significantly linearly correlated with throughfall, stemflow, and interception (P 4.86 percent to 164.37±6.41 percent of the bulk precipitation. Much of the precipitation was funnelled toward the basal area of the stem, confirming that shrub stemflow conserved in deep soil layers may be an available moisture source to support plant survival and growth under arid conditions.

关键词： desert shrubs rainfall characteristics canopy characteristics rainfall partitioning ecohydrological effects

Discussion on possibilities of taking ground ice in permafrost as water sources on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during climate warming

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

research in cold and arid regions 2009年第4期1卷 322-328页

作者： JiChun Wu,Yu Sheng,QingBai Wu,Jing Li,XiuMin Zhang State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil engineering,cold and arid regions environmental engineering research institute,chinese academy of sciences,lanzhou,Gansu 730000,china. chinese Acad Sci Cold & Arid Reg Environm Engn Res Inst State Key Lab Frozen Soil Engn Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China

Large amounts of ground ice are born with permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet *** of permafrost resulted from the climate warming will inevitably lead to melting of ground *** water released from the melting ground ice enters hydrologic cycles at various levels,and changes regional hydrologic regimes to various *** to difficulties in monitoring the perma-frost-degradation-release-water process,direct and reliable evidence is *** accumulative effect of releasing water,however,is remarkable in the macro-scale hydrologic *** the basis of the monitoring results of water-levels changes in some lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and combined with the previous results of the hydrologic changing trends at the regional scale,the authors preliminarily discussed the possibilities of the degrading permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a potential water source during climate warming.

关键词： climate warming thawing permafrost melting ground ice potential water source

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

科尔沁沙地人工植被对土壤水分异质性的影响

土壤学报 2002年第1期39卷 113-119页

作者：赵文智中国科学院寒区旱区环境工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室兰州730000

选择植被状况基本相同而坡位不同的样地 ,坡向和坡度基本相同而植被类型不同的沙丘背风坡 (东南坡 )样线及沙丘上部样地 ,在生长期调查其土壤水分状况 ,探讨植被类型、坡位对沙地土壤水分状况及水分格局的影响。结果表明 :沙丘背风坡 (... 详细信息

选择植被状况基本相同而坡位不同的样地 ,坡向和坡度基本相同而植被类型不同的沙丘背风坡 (东南坡 )样线及沙丘上部样地 ,在生长期调查其土壤水分状况 ,探讨植被类型、坡位对沙地土壤水分状况及水分格局的影响。结果表明 :沙丘背风坡 (东南坡 )人工植被土壤水分状况按差巴嘎蒿、杨树、樟子松的次序依次变差。以 0 5m为间隔取样分析表明沿沙丘下部到沙丘上部土壤水分状况有下降趋势。在水平格局上 ,樟子松林地土壤水分状况在0～ 8m ,杨树林地在 0～ 4m ,流动沙地在 0～ 9m的尺度上近似同质 ,随着空间距离的增加 ,异质性加强 ;差巴嘎蒿土壤水分状况在 0～ 4m的范围内异质性较高 ,4m以上近似同质。在垂直格局上 ,流沙在 0～ 60cm ,樟子松在 0～ 80cm ,差巴嘎蒿在 0～ 1 2 0cm的尺度上异质性很强 ,大于该尺度近似同质 ,而杨树林地在 0～ 30 0cm的范围内均有较强的异质性。无论水平格局或垂直格局。

关键词：科尔沁沙地人工植被土壤水分状况土壤水分异质性

Effects of soil-plant system change on ecohydrology during revegetation for mobile dune stabilization, chinese arid desert

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

research in cold and arid regions 2009年第3期1卷 230-237页

作者： HongLang Xiao, Juan Ren, XinRong Li Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology and River Basin Science, Shapotou Desert research and Experiment Station, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou, Gansu 730000, china. chinese Acad Sci Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst Key Lab Ecohydrol & River Basin Sci Shapotou Desert Res & Expt Stn Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China

Soil-plant systems play an important role in sand fixing and surface protection in the arid desert of china. This study examines the ecohydrological responses after a soil-plant system change for mobile dune stabilization by using a series of soil hydrological experiments and ecological investigation. The study results showed that decades of succession of soil-plant system has endangered the stability of the protection system. With the accumulated water and nutrient, a bio-logical system develops in a thinner and thinner surface soil. Redistribution of precipitation has changed completely in the ecosystem. In 3–15 mm of soil, a high capacity of crust water retention ultimately limits most rainfall from infiltrating below 10–20 cm deep. When that takes place, lower plants begin to compete for water with grasses and shrubs. A drought horizon forms in 20–500 cm depth with shrub transpiration. Artificial shrubs with deep roots obtain hardly rainfall supply and are gradually eliminated from the protection system. All changes in water environment affect the structure and func-tion and stabilization of whole protection systems. It is necessary to establish a relatively stable water environment by managing the soil-plant system for constructing a sustainable protective system in arid desert.

关键词： drought layer ecohydrology soil-plant system water cycle

Experimental study of surface texture and resonance mechanism of booming sand

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science china Earth sciences 2007年第9期50卷 1351-1358页

作者： QU JianJun1, ZHANG KeCun1, SUN Bo2, JIANG ShengXiang3, DONG GuangRong1, ZU RuiPing1 & FANG HaiYan 1 Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 730000, china 2 Shanghai institute of Polar regions, Shanghai 210000, china 3 lanzhou institute of Chemical Physics, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 730000, china Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Shanghai institute of Polar regions Shanghai 210000 China lanzhou institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

The sound-producing mechanism of booming sand has long been a pending problem in the blown sand physics. Based on the earlier researches, the authors collected some silent sand samples from Teng- ger Desert, Australian Desert, Kuwait Desert, beaches of Hainan Island and Japanese coast as well as the soundless booming sand samples from the Mingsha Mountain in Dunhuang to make washing ex- periments. In the meantime the chemical corrosion experiment of glass micro-spheres, surface coating experiment and SEM examination were also conducted. The experimental results show that the sound production of booming sand seems to have nothing to do with the presence of SiO2 gel on the surface of sand grains and unrelated to the surface chemical composition of sand grains but is related to the resonance cavities formed by porous (pit-like) physical structure resulting from a number of factors such as wind erosion, water erosion, chemical corrosion and SiO2 gel deposition, etc. Its resonance mechanism is similar to that of Hemholz resonance cavity. Under the action of external forces, nu- merous spherical and sand grains with smooth surface and porous surface are set in motion and rub with each other to produce extremely weak vibration sound and then become audible sound by human ears through the magnification of surface cavity resonance. However the booming sands may lose their resonance mechanism and become silent sand due to the damping action caused by the invasion of finer particles such as dust and clay into surface holes of sand grains. Therefore, clearing away fine pollutants on the quartz grain surface is an effective way to make silent sand emit audible sound.

关键词： booming sand, surface texture, quartz grain, sound-producing mechanism, Hemholz resonance cavity

Modeling the Roles of Precipitation Increasing in Glacier Systems Responding to Climate Warming—Taking Xinjiang Glaciated Region as Example

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Mountain Science 2005年第4期2卷 306-312页

作者： WANG Xin XIE Zichu LIU Shiyin TAO Jianjun HAN Yongshun YANG Yuelong research institute of Geo-spatial Information Science Hunan University of Science ＆ Technology Xiangtan 411201 Hunan China Key Laboratory of Ice Core and cold Region＇s Environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute CAS Lanzhou 730000 China institute of Resources and Environment Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China institute of Tibetan Plateau research CAS Beijing 100029 China

The studies on prediction of climate in Xinjiang almost show that the precipitation would increase in the coming 50 years, although there were surely some uncertainties in precipitation predictions. On the basis of the structure of glacier system and nature of equilibrium line altitude at steady state （ELAo）, a functional model of the glacier system responding to climate changes was established, and it simultaneously involved the rising of summer mean temperature and increasing of mean precipitation. The results from the functional model under the climatic scenarios with temperature increasing rates of 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 K/year indicated that the precipitation increasing would play an evident role in glacier system responding to climate change： if temperature become 1 ℃ higher, the precipitation would be increased by 10%, which can slow down the glaciers retreating rate in the area by 4 %, accelerate runoff increasing rate by 8 % and depress the ELAo rising gradient by 24 m in northern Xinjiang glacier system where semi-continental glaciers dominate, while it has corresponding values of only 1%, 5 % and 18m respectively in southern Xinjiang glacier system, where extremely continental glaciers dominate.

关键词： Glacier system climate warming precipitation increasing role

Influence of Degree-Day Factor Variation on the Mass Balance of Glacier No. 1 at the Headwaters of ürümqi River,china

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Earth Science 2013年第6期24卷 1008-1022页

作者：崔玉环叶柏生王杰刘友存 State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences School of Resources and environmental engineering Anhui University Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment Tianjin Normal University

The degree-day factor （DDF） is a key parameter in the degree-day model, and the varia- tions in DDF have the significant effects on the accuracy of glacier mass balance modeling. In this study, Glacier No. 1 at the headwaters of Uriimqi （-~O）~Z~=） River in china was selected, and the estimated DDF by stakes-observed mass balance and meteorological data from 1983-2006 was used to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of DDF and its influencing factors, such as climate condition, surface fea- ture, and topography. Then, the ablations from the 1980s to 2000s were estimated using the degree-day modei, and the ablation change from the 1980s to 2000s was divided into the changes caused by climate change and by the ice-surface feature. The following results were obtained：（1） The annual change in DDF for snow was not obvious, whereas that for ice increased, and the increasing trend on the lower glacier was more significant than that on the upper glacier because of decreased albedo caused by vari- ations in ice-surface feature; （2） The DDF for ice clearly decreased with altitude by approximately 0.046 and 0.043 mm.＇C-l-d-Lm-1 on the east and west branches, respectively, and the DDF of the west branch was obviously larger than that of the east branch in the same altitude belt; （3） the changes in mass balance in the summers from the 1980s to 2000s were -391 and -467 mm on the east and west branches, respectively. Among the total changes, the components directly caused by climate change were -193 and -198 mm, whereas those indirectly caused by ice-surface feature change were -198 and -269 mm on the east and west branches, respectively.

关键词： degree-day factor mass balance,Glacier No. 1 climate change.

Regional Summer Temperature Decrease against Global Warming in china, Landform Effect?

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第1期4卷 86-90页

作者： LU Aigang PANG Deqian HE Yuanqing PANG Hongxi WANG Tianming GE Jianping Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China institute of C-eography research Weinan Teachers College Weinan 714000 Shaanxi China cold and arid regions environmental and engineering institute Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000 Gansu China

The data of 16o national meteorological observatory （NMO） stations with long-term monthly temperature data for china were analyzed in this study to show the basin-centered summer temperature decrease against global warming in the past half century. The summer and winter isotherm structures of 1950s and 1990s worked out by interpolation show the isotherm structure variations： the isotherm structure generally moves northward in winter, but in summer it is characterized with separate high-temperature and low-temperature centers and the isotherm structure moves inward the centers with global warming, indicating that the temperature in the highland areas increases but that in the lowland areas decreases in the summer of the duration. The possible mechanism of the basin-centered temperature decrease in summer is discussed in this paper.

关键词： Isotherm structure seasonal variation summer temperature decrease plateau-basin effect china