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The crustal structure under Sanjiang and its dynamic implications:Revealed by seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan,Yunnan

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1329-1336页

作者： ZHANG Zhongjie1, BAI Zhiming1, WANG Chunyong2, TENG Jiwen1, Lü Qingtian3, LI Jiliang1, LIU Yifeng1 & LIU Zhenkuan4.1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 2. Institute of Geophysics, china Seismological Bureau, beijing 100085, china 3. Institute of Deposition Resource, Chinese Academy of geosciences, beijing 100037, china 4. school of exploration and information, china university of geosciences, beijing 100083. china Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Geophysics China Seismological Bureau Beijing China Institute of Deposition Resource Chinese Academy of Geosciences Beijing China school of exploration and information China University of Geosciences Beijing China

The fault belts in Sanjiang mainly include Jinshajiang-Honghe fault, Lancangjiang fault and Nujiang fault (called Sanjiang faults) in western Yunnan Province, china. By interpreting the wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan, which crosses Tengchong and Baoshan blocks in Dianxi (western Yunnan) tectonic zone, we recon- struct the crustal structure with seismic traveltime tomography for crustal P-wave velocity and the seismic scattering image for crustal seismic reflection structure. In this paper, we firstly present the crustal structure images of P-wave velocity and seismic reflection under the wide-angle seismic profile. These results demonstrate that, the crustal velocity structure and seismic reflec- tion structure along the profile can be divided into 3 segments, and there is an obvious difference of crustal structure among the eastern, the western and the middle segment. Generally, crustal P-wave velocities in the Baoshan segment are 0.1―0.2 km/s slower and seismic reflection am- plitudes from Moho discontinuity are stronger than the other 2 segments. In the studied area, crustal thickness is about 4. km, and shows the thickening tendency from west to east along the profile. Additionally, it can be seen that there is one strong-amplitude seismic reflection event as bright points at the depths of 8―10 km, along the segment of 80―115 km of the profile (south- ward of Tengchong); and seismic reflection wave-field from Moho discontinuity varies obviously along the lateral direction. Finally, we make some discussions on the crustal thickening pattern in the Sanjiang fault belt, structural environment of earthquake development and the contact rela- tionship between the Tengchong block, Banshan block and Luxi trough.

关键词： Sanjiang area wide-angle seismic profile crustal structure.

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Characteristics of Ore-Forming Fluids of Gold Deposits in Daqingshan District,Inner Mongolia,china

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 1999年第2期13卷 77-82页

作者： Jiuhua Xu YulingXie Dayi Qian Rufu Dine Jianping Li (Resource Engineering school, university of Science and Technology Beijha beijing 100083. china) (china university of geosciences, beijing 100083. china) Resource Engineering school University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China china university of geosciences Beijing 100083 China

***-weststrikingductileshearzonewithinagreelt,***:(1)pyrite-quartz,(2)quartz-Pyrite,(3)polymetallicsulfidesand(4.***-bearingveinsarenativegold,electrum,pyrite,chalcopyriteandgalena,buttheganguemineralsaremainlyquartz,secondarilysericite,***,silicification,***-formingfluidswerelowinsalinitieandhighinCO2content,MeasuredδDoffluidinclusionsinquartzfromtheoreveinsrangesfrom-65‰to-104.,butδ18Oquartzfrom10.0‰to12.8‰.Thesedatashowthatthewaterinhydrothermalfluidprecipitatingtheorebodiescouldhavebeenmainlymagmaticwaterandmetamorphicwaterbutlocalmeteoricwatermighttakepartinthelatemineralization.δ13Cfromfl

关键词： fluid inclusions isotope composition gold deposit Daqingshan area

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Progress and review of the studies on the end-Triassic mass extinction event

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2049-2060页

作者： DENG Shenghui1,2, LU Yuanzheng1,2,3 & XU Daoyi4.1. Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development, beijing 100083. china 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of Petrochina, beijing 100083. china 3.{4., beijing 100083. china 4. Institute of Geology, china Earthquake Administration, beijing 100029, china Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development Beijing China Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of Petrochina Beijing China china university of geosciences Beijing China Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing China

The mass extinction at the end-Triassic is one of the five biggest in the Phanerozoic. However,it is the least well understood among these five events, and only till last decade it became a great academic interesting subject to geologists. The evidences for this event come obviously from bivalves, brachiopods, ammonites, corals, radiolaria, ostracods and foraminifera of marine habitats, and plants and tetrapods of terrestrial realm. By contrast, for some of other groups, such as marine gastropods and marine vertebrates, no mass extinction has been recog-nized yet. The extinction event is strongly marked at specific level but shown a complicated situa-tion at generic and family levels. Dramatic changing of the environment, such as the temperature raise due to the greenhouse effect, the marine anoxic habitats caused by a sudden transgression after the regression at the end of Triassic, has been claimed to be the main cause of the extinction. Many hypotheses have been suggested to demonstrate the mechanisms of the environment changing, among which two popular ones are the bolide impact and volcanic eruption. The Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary mass extinction event is still poorly understood because no enough data have been obtained from the Tr-J boundary successional sections of both marine and terrestrial sediments, and most of these studies were regionally restricted. The basic aspects of the event and its associated environmental conditions remain poorly characterized and the causal mechanism or mechanisms are equivocal. Some authors even doubt its occurrence. china has many successionally developed terrestrial and marine Tr-J sections. Detailed studies of these sections may be important and significant for well understanding of the event.

关键词： progress, review, end-Triassic, mass extinction, mechanism, Tr-J boundary.

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The equilibrium between diagenetic calcites and dolomites and its impact on reservoir quality in the sandstone reservoir of Kela 2 gas field

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第9期17卷 1051-1058页

作者： Gao Zhiqian1,Yu Bingsong2,3 and Lai Xingyun2,3(1.school of Energy Resources,china university of geosciences,{4. 100083.china 2.State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,china university of geosciences,{4. 100083.china 3.Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Structure,Deep Processes and exploration Technique,china university of geosciences,{4. 100083.china) school of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Structure Deep Processes and Exploration Technique China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

Based on the equilibrium theory of chemical reactions between water and rocks,this paper establishes a thermodynamic phase relationship diagram among calcites,dolomites and water solution under the condition of diagenesis based on the thermodynamic database of related minerals and fluids and dolomite's degree of order *** has been discovered that the equilibrium between calcites and dolomites in the diagenetic environment is strongly impacted by temperature and the Ca/Mg ratios in groundwater,and that the dolomite's degree of order in the diagenetic environment is a function of crystallization temperature and time,not controlled by water ***,the authors make a further analysis of the close relationship of chemical reaction between carbonate cements and pore water in the sandstone reservoirs of Kala 2 gas field in Kuche *** can be seen that there are different impacts on sandstone reservoir quality among the equilibrium system of calcites,dolomites and pore water at different depths of reservoirs.

关键词： diagenesis equilibrium between calcites and dolomites secondary pores Kela 2 gas field

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Fractal Characteristics of Coal Pores Based on Classic Geometry and Thermodynamics Models

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第5期85卷 1150-1162页

作者： CAI Yidong~1,LIU Dameng~(1,*),YAO Yanbin~1,LI Junqian~1 and LIU Junlai~2 1 school of Energy Resources,china university of geosciences,{4. 100083.china 2 school of Earth Science and Resources,china university of geosciences,{4. 100083.china school of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China school of Earth Science and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

To better understand the characteristics of coal pores and their influence on coal reservoirs, coal pores in eight main coalfields of North china were analyzed by mercury porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.Fractal characteristics of coal pores（size distribution and structure） were researched using two fractal models:classic geometry and *** two models establish the relationship between fractal dimensions and coal pores *** results include:（1） SEM imaging and fractal analysis show that coal reservoirs generally have very high heterogeneity;（2） coal pore structures have fractal characteristics and fractal dimensions characteristic of pore structures are controlled by the composition（e.g.,ash,moisture,volatile component） and pore parameters（e.g.,pore diameter,micro pores content） of coals;（3） the fractal dimensions（D;and D;） of coal pores have good correlations with the heterogeneity of coal pore *** fractal dimensions correlate to higher heterogeneity of pore *** fractal dimensions（D;and D;） have strong negative linear correlations with the sorted coefficient of coals （R;=0.719 and 0.639,respectively） that shows the heterogeneity of coal pores;（4. fractal dimension D;and petrologic permeability of coals have a strong negative exponential correlation（R;=0.82）.However, fractal dimension D;and petrologic permeability of coals have no obvious correlation;and（5） the model of classic geometry is more accurate for fractal characterization of coal pores in coal reservoirs than that of thermodynamics by optimization.

关键词： coal pores mercury porosimetry fractal dimensions thermodynamics model classic geometry model

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Transport network and flow mechanism of shallow ore-bearing magma in Tongling ore cluster area

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第4期49卷 397-407页

作者： DENG Jun1,2, WANG Qingfei1,2 , HUANG Dinghua3 , WAN Li4. YANG Liqiang1,2 & GAO Bangfei1,2 1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, china university of geosciences, beijing 100083. china 2. Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology of Ministry of Education, china university of Geo- sciences, beijing 100083. china 3. Faculty of Earth Sciences, china university of geosciences, Wuhan 4.0074. china 4. school of Mathematics and information Science, Guangzhou university, Guangzhou 5104.5, china State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Beijing China Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China school of Mathematics and information Science Guangzhou University Guangzhou China

Abundant studies revealed that shallow intrusions of the Yanshanian epoch resulted in the mass mineralization of the Tongling region. Various evidences showed there existed a concealed magma chamber at ?10 km depth in the middle part of this region during Yanshanian epoch, from which the ore-forming magma was generated and then transported to the superficial layer. Yet the transport network and flow mechanism of the shallow ore-bearing magma, the key problem associ- ated with ore-forming process, was relatively little focused on. Integrate analysis of structural me- chanics, statistical fractal and geological facts suggested that NE trending high-angle fold-related thrust faults and the tessellated basement ones served as the main pathways for the shallow magma’s transporting, moreover, the saddle void spaces among adjacent strata in the folds upon this fault system provided the place for magma’s emplacement. So the folds in the upper part and faults in the lower part of the upper crust constituted the fluid’s transport and emplacement network. During the deformation of geologic body with multi-layer structure, the layers in the upper part tended to fold when received the jacking stress from the lower part, while the lower one inclined to fault undergoing loads of the upper part. And the producing probability of this structure assemblage was highly in- creased in the condition, such as in the Tongling area, that the mechanic rigidity of the lower layers was stronger than that of the upper ones. For the pre-existence of fluid-conducting network, the top magma with high volatile in the magma chamber transported rapidly to the superficial layer in dyking pattern, located in the void spaces of folds, filled and reconstructed them. The sudden drop of pres- sure caused the fluid unmixing from the magma and mass ore-forming elements concentration. Pulse activity of the dyking may be the principal reason why magmatic bodies in the Tongling area were spatially-temporally con

关键词： Tongling, structural network, magma intrusion, fractal, dyke.

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High-Resolution Transgressive-Regressive Sequence Stratigraphy of Chang 8 Member of Yanchang Formation in Southwestern Ordos Basin,Northern china

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第4期21卷 423-438页

作者：吕明胜陈开远薛良清衣丽萍朱红涛 Research Institute of Petroleum exploration & Development PetroChina school of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences china National Oil and Gas exploration and Development Corporation Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences

The reservoirs within the Chang 8 Member of Yanchang(延长) Formation in the southwestern Ordos basin are characterized by low *** is significant to build a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework for the exploration and development of these *** on an integrated investigation of well logs,seismic data,cores and outcrops,the Chang 8 Member is interpreted as a 3rd-order transgressive-regressive(T-R) sequence,which consists of six 4.h-order T-R sequences,namely,K1,K2,K3,K4.K5 and K6,respectively,from base to *** 4.h-order sequence comprises a transgressive systems tract overlain by a regressive systems *** K1 to transgressive systems tract of K4.it is characterized by the landward shifts of facies and overall retrogradational sequence stacking pattern due to accommodation increase more than sediment supply during the 3rd-order base-level *** distributary channels are mainly deposited in the transgressive systems tracts,and the interdistributary bays,sheet sands,and small-scale mouth bars are primarily developed in the regressive systems tracts in response to the 4.h-order base-level *** the regressive systems tracts of K4.to K6,it is characterized by the basinward shifts of facies and overall progradational sequence stacking pattern because of accommodation increase less than sediment supply during a fall in 3rd-order base *** distributary channels are mainly accumulated in the transgressive systems tracts,and distributary channels and mouth bars are deposited in the regressive systems tracts as a result of the 4.h-order base-level *** stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses indicate that sequences K1,K2,K5 and K6,as well as the basin edge of K3 and K4.remain potential for exploration and development due to their high reservoir quality in response to the low accommodation and more sediment supply.

关键词： transgressive-regressive sequence base level sediment supply sequence stratigraphic framework Ordos basin.

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Generalized Self-Adaptive Genetic Algorithms

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2000年第1期14卷 72-75页

作者： Bin Wu Xuyan Tu Jian Wu information Engineering school, university of Science and Technology beijing,{4. Department of information and Control Engineering, Southwest Institute of Technology, Mianyang 621002, china information Engineering school University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Department of information and Control Engineering Southwest Institute of Technology Mianyang 621002 China

In order to solve the problem between searching performance and convergence of genetic algorithms, a fast genetic algorithm generalized self-adaptive genetic algorithm (GSAGA) is presented. (1) Evenly distributed initial population is generated. (2) Superior individuals are not broken because of crossover and mutation operation for they are sent to subgeneration directly. (3) High quality im- migrants are introduced according to the condition of the population schema. (4. Crossover and mutation are operated on self-adaptation. Therefore, GSAGA solves the coordination problem between convergence and searching performance. In GSAGA, the searching per- formance and global convergence are greatly improved compared with many existing genetic algorithms. Through simulation, the val- idity of this modified genetic algorithm is proved.

关键词： generalized self-adaptive genetic algorithm initial population immigration fitness function

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Thermodynamic conditions of framework grain dissolution of clastic rocks and its application in Kela 2 gas field

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第1期48卷 21-31页

作者： LAI Xingyun, YU Bingsong, CHEN Junyuan, CHEN Xiaolin, LIU Jianqing, MEI Mingxiang, JING Weiguang & CHENG Suhua school of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources, china university of geosciences, beijing 100083. china Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics, Deep-level Process and exploration of Ministry of Education, beijing 100083. china china university of geosciences School of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources Beijing China Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics Deep-level Process and Exploration of Ministry of Education Beijing China

Feldspar and clastic debris are the most important constituent framework grains of sedimentary clastic rocks and their chemical dissolution plays an essential role in the formation and evolution of the secondary pore in the reservoir rocks. On the basis of thermodynamic phase equilibrium, this study investigates the chemical equilibrium relationships between fluid and various plagioclase and K-feldspar in diagenesis of the sediments, particularly, the impact of temperature and fluid compositions (pH, activity of K+, Na+, Ca2+ and so on) on precipitation and dissolution equilibria of feldspars. Feldspar is extremely easily dissolved in the acid pore water with a low salinity when temperature decreases. The dissolution of anorthite end-member of plagioclase is related to the Ca content of the mineral and the fluid, higher Ca either in the mineral or in the fluid, easier dissolution of the feldspar. Moreover, the dissolution of albite end-member of plagioclase is related to Na of both the mineral and fluid, lower Na out of both the mineral and fluid, easier dissolution of the mineral. Similarly, lower-K fluid is more powerful to dissolve K-feldspar than the higher. The anorthite component of plagioclase is most easily dissolved in ground water-rock system, the albite is the secondary, and K-feldspar is the most stable. Selective dissolution of plagioclase occurs in diagenesis because of the plagioclase solid solution that is mainly composed of albite and anorthite end-members, Ca-rich part of which is preferentially dissolved by the pore water, in contrast to the Na-rich parts. Based on investigation of reservoir quality, secondary pore, dissolution structures of feldspar, clay minerals and ground water chemistry of the Kela 2 gas field of Kuqa Depression in the Tarim basin of Western china, we discovered that the secondary pore is very well developed in the highest quality section of the reservoir, and the plagioclase of which was obviously selectively dissolved, in c

关键词： dissolution of feldspar, thermodynamic conditions, groundwater pore chemistry, Kela 2 gas field.

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Restoration of eroded stratal thickness in key periods of tectonic change in a multi-stage superimposed Tarim Basin in china

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2012年第2期1卷 149-171页

作者： Liu Hao1, Wang Yingmin2 1. school of Marine Sciences, china university of geosciences (beijing), beijing 100083. china 2. school of geosciences, china university of Petroleum (beijing), beijing 10224., china school of Marine Sciences China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing 100083 China school of geosciences China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Beijing 102249 China

With an area of 56×104.m2, the Tarim Basin is the largest inland basin in china and is also generally acknowledged as one of the most important areas for potential oil and gas exploration. On the basis of data from 22 regional seismic profiles and 4. drilling wells, 15 important first-order and second-order regional unconformities were *** all the main unconformities are superimposed unconfomities. Since the Cambrian, 5 key periods of tectonic change have occurred during the evolution of the Tarim Basin. The total eroded stratal thickness of the above-mentioned unconformities was calculated by using the method of virtual extrapolation of seismic reflection. The results indicate that the total eroded stratal thickness of different periods is quite different in different locations of the basin. Taking the Upper-Middle Ordovician as an example, its thickness restoration of eroded strata was calculated into individual stages i.e. its thickness restoration of eroded strata was calculated to different tectonic periods. Otherwise, as for the specific period of tectonic change, the underlying strata were, respectively eroded and thus the thickness restoration of eroded strata was calculated into individual intervals. Taking the Early Hercynian period as an example, the eroded stratal thickness was calculated into individual intervals to calculate the ratio of intervals of various ages occupying the total eroded thickness. The results show that for the same stratum, its degree of erosion is quite different in different periods and at different locations, due to the varying influence of tectonic movement. The unconformities of some key periods of tectonic change have different controls on the degree of erosion and the eroded range of the individual period of the underlying strata which are the typical characteristics of multi-stage superimposition of unconformities in the Tarim Basin.

关键词： Tarim Basin extrapolation of virtual surface key period of tectonic change superimposed unconformity restoration of eroded stratal thickness

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