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Study on the changes of water cycle and its impacts in the source region of the yellow river

Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 142-151页

作者： ZHANG Shifeng1, JIA Shaofeng1, LIU Changming1, CAO Wenbing2, HAO Fanghua3, LIU Jiuyu4.& YAN Huayun5 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 2. china University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, china 3. Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china {4., zhengzhou 450003. china 5. bureau of hydrology and Water Resource Investigation of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, china 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China2. China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China3. Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China4. Bureau of Hydrology of Yellow River Conservancy Commission 450003 Zhengzhou China5. Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resource Investigation of Qinghai Province 810001 Xining China

The water cycle in the source region of the yellow river underwent great changes in the 1990s. The major features of the changes are as follows: the gauged runoff declined significantly while the precipitation increased slightly, and the runoff process was more concentrated on the flood season. Water balance analyses indicate that the pondage was kept in the status of negative equilibrium, causing eco-environmental problems. The runoff decrement is due to evaporation increment in this region. Studies show that the runoff process in this region is closely related to that of the other hydrological stations in the upper reaches. When the runoff declines in the source regions, the amount of water also declines in the whole upper reaches of the yellow river, affecting the balance between water demand and supply. Meanwhile changes will take place in the water cycle of the river course system when the eco-environment deteriorates. The trend of water cycle change in the source region is that the runoff will keep declining with the increment of evaporation caused by temperature rise in the northwest of china in the 21st century. But the hydraulic engineering in the source region will help to mitigate the deterioration of local eco-environment system, though the impacts to the lower reaches of this project may not be the case.

关键词： source region of the yellow river, water cycle, evaporation, negative equilibrium.

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Efficiency of sediment transport by flood and its control in the Lower yellow river

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 173-185页

作者： NI Jinren1, LIU Xiaoyong2, LI Tianhong1, ZHAO Ye’an3 & JIN Ling1 1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University The Key Laboratory of Water and Sedi- ment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, china 2. General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Re- sources, Beijing 100011, china 3. The yellow river {4. commission, zhengzhou 450003. china 1. Department of Environmental Engineering Peking University 100871 Beijing China 2. The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education 100871 Beijing China 3. General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design Ministry of Water Resources 100011 Beijing China 4. The yellow river conservancy commission 450003 Zhengzhou China

This paper presents the characteristics of sediment transport by flood in the Lower yellow river with the reach from Huayuankou to Gaocun, which is regarded as a typical braided pattern. The Artificial Neural Network Model on Water Use for Sediment Transport (WUST) by flood was established based on the measured data from 1980 to 1998. Consequently, simulations of controlling process of sediment transport by flood were made in terms of the control theory under different scenarios. According to the situation of sediment transport by flood in the Lower yellow river, Open-Loop control system and feedback control system were adopted in system design. In the Open-Loop control system, numerical simulations were made to reveal the relationship between average discharge of flood and the WUST with varying sediment concentrations. The results demonstrate that sediment concentration has significant influence on the controlling process of flood flow to WUST. It is practical and efficient to control WUST if sediment concentration is less than 20 kg/m3. In the feedback control system, controlling processes of sediment concentration and flood discharge for sediment transport were simulated respectively under given conditions, and it was found that sediment transport process could be controlled completely by sediment concentration and discharge at the inlet of the reach from Huayuankou to Gaocun. Using the same method, controlling processes of sediment transport by flood in other reaches in the Lower yellow river were also simulated. For the case of sediment concentration being 20 kg/m3, the optimized controlling discharge ranges from 2390 to 2900 m3/s in the lower reach of Huayuankou. This study is also of significance to flood control and flushing sediment in the Lower yellow river with proper operation modes of Xiaolangdi Reservoir.

关键词： the Lower yellow river, flood, sediment transport, efficiency, simulation, control.

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Ice Characters in Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of yellow river in Recent Decade

Ice Characters in Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of Yellow Riv...

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寒区冰情与冻土水文效应——第4.“寒区水资源及其可持续利用”学术研讨会

作者： Jifeng LIU,Suqiu RAO,Hongxia WU,Dongling CHEN,Tequn YANG hydrology bureau of yellow river {4. commission,yellow river {4. commission,YRCC,zhengzhou,4.0004.china

yellow river is the second longest river in North china and the most sediment river over the world. Affected by special geographical position and water sediment condition,the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of yellow river is the key reach of ice flood protection for its serious ice *** on the observed data over recent decades,characters of ice regime in Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of yellow river are analyzed. In recent 10 years,the date of river ice run,freeze-up and break-up have obviously changed;the under-ice flow capacities of channel distinctly reduced,inversely the channel-storage increment gradually increased;water levels are constantly elevated during freeze-up and break-up period,dike protection is facing great pressure;Ice prevention situation are becoming *** changes of ice character are the results of comprehensive effects of climate change,reservoir operation,channel sedimentation and human *** work should be done to improve the ability of ice flood ***,prototype observation of ice regime need be strengthened by increasing more observation cross-sections and observed frequency;further more,some large scale ice jam or ice bars should be given tracing observation to obtain the whole ice evolving information;on the second,more attention should be paid on the researches of ice freeze-melt rules,including the influence of channel condition,runoff,temperature and artificial constructs effects on ice freezeup, hydraulic resistance of ice covered river channel and ice flood routing rule;The third,ice-water dynamic model is the direction of ice forecast development,there are some experiences in ice model development can be used both at home and abroad.

关键词： Ice character chanel-storage increment ice forecast Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of yellow river

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THE FORMING CONDITIONS OF ALLUVIAL river CHANNEL PATTERNS

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2002年第1期17卷 83-88页

作者： Pu QI1, Gouting LIANG2, Zangying SUN3 and Honghai QI4.1,2 Senior Engineer, Institute of Hydraulic Research, yellow river conservancy commission, {4. 450003. P.R. china, 3 Engineer, Ins Senior Engineer Institute of Hydraulic Research Yellow River Conservancy CommissionZhengzhou 450003P.R. China Engineer Institute of the Same Above Postgraduate North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power

In normal fluvial processes the river channel is determined by river flows while the movement of river flows is contained by river channels. The relationship between the river morphology and its bend curvature shows that rivers with large bend curvatures always have narrow and deep channels and those with shallow and wide channels are always straight. The plan form of a river reaches is determined by the cross-sectional morphology. A meandering river reach may be developed under various water-sediment conditions as long as the narrow and deep channels are formed.

关键词： Channel morphology Fluvial process Water-sediment conditions river channel patterns

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Assessing impact of irrigation water on groundwater recharge and quality in arid environment using CFCs,tritium and stable isotopes,in the Zhangye Basin,Northwest china

Assessing impact of irrigation water on groundwater recharge...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第11届（2011年度）学术年会

作者： Dajun Qin~(a,*),Yunping Qian~b,Liangfeng Han~c,Zhimin Wang~a,Chen Li~a,Zhanfeng Zhao~a a Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,china b hydrology bureau,yellow {4. conservancy commission,zhengzhou,Henan 4.0004.china c Isotope hydrology Section,Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications,International Atomic Energy Agency,P.O.Box 100,A-14.0 Vienna,Austria

Environmental tracers CFCs,O,H and tritium were used to determine the natural groundwater recharge and the impact of irrigation activity on the groundwater system in the semi-arid Zhangye Basin of *** in the irrigated areas have been identified as mixtures containing fractions recharged in different periods of *** CFC and 3H data show that the oldest fraction in the ground-water was recharged before 1950,whereas the younger fractions were recharged in different periods of time since *** isotope(0,H),CFC and electrical conductivity data show that most of the samples can be regarded as binary mixtures with the river/irrigation water presents the younger fraction and the regional groundwater presents the older *** mixing model is used to estimate the age and fraction of the younger *** of the younger fraction was recharged after 1980s,in response to the increasing irrigation *** to local precipitation surface water plays a major role in recharging the aquifer in the irrigated *** irrigation activity had more impact on the aquifer under thin unsaturated zone(<10 m),due to short travel times and high amounts of recharge, whereas it had less impact on the aquifer under thick unsaturated zone(tens of meters).CFCs are useful in identifying regions of different impact of irrigation return *** positive correlation between nitrate and CFC data show that contaminants are transported to the saturated zone by irrigation water. This study shows that in this semi-arid basin due to strong evaporation of infiltrating surface water and regional groundwater,5180 and EC values,in contrast to CFCs,do not show simple relationship with NO concentration in *** with a proper mixing model,however,they can provide evidences that the CFCs found in groundwater were introduced by infiltrating irrigation return flow and, therefore,reveal that human activities can produce a much localized water circulation

关键词： CFCs Isotopes Groundwater age Irrigation water return Groundwater recharge and quality Zhangye

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基于物元理论的雨水资源评价

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节水灌溉 2009年第9期 49-51页

作者：张广海宋士强张建国赵云奉梅胜利黄河水利委员会山东水文水资源局山东济南250100

根据物元分析理论,建立了区域雨水资源开发利用评价模型,并据此对4.研究区域雨水资源开发利用状况进行了综合评价,得出了合理可行的评价结果。结果表明:全面地分析评价对象属于某一等级的程度,比模糊综合评价的评价结果更为客观准确,... 详细信息

根据物元分析理论,建立了区域雨水资源开发利用评价模型,并据此对4.研究区域雨水资源开发利用状况进行了综合评价,得出了合理可行的评价结果。结果表明:全面地分析评价对象属于某一等级的程度,比模糊综合评价的评价结果更为客观准确,能为决策者对水资源开发利用模式和管理提供科学的根据。

关键词：物元分析雨水资源开发综合评价

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南水北调西线工程调水区地质灾害问题

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山地学报 2003年第5期21卷 582-588页

作者：马东涛崔鹏陈书涛尚宇鸣涂建军陈杰中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所水利部黄河水利委员会勘测规划设计研究院中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所成都 61004. 郑州 450003

南水北调西线工程地处青藏高原东南部,规划三期工程从长江上游的通天河及其支流雅砻江、大渡河年总调水170×108m3,经输水隧洞穿越江河分水岭巴颜喀拉山入黄河上游,解决黄河上、中游地区严重的水资源短缺问题。本文在对调水区气象气候... 详细信息

南水北调西线工程地处青藏高原东南部,规划三期工程从长江上游的通天河及其支流雅砻江、大渡河年总调水170×108m3,经输水隧洞穿越江河分水岭巴颜喀拉山入黄河上游,解决黄河上、中游地区严重的水资源短缺问题。本文在对调水区气象气候、水文、地貌、岩性构造等环境背景条件分析研究的基础上,初步论述了西线工程建设中将面临的主要地质灾害问题,如水库诱发地震、库岸再造和岸坡变形、多年冻土和季节冻土、泥石流和严重水土流失、深埋长隧洞的高地温、高地应力岩爆、涌水及碎屑流等。针对这些灾害问题和西线工程目前现状,提出了五点指导性防灾建议。

关键词：南水北调西线工程地质灾害发育背景成因防灾建议

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黄土高原淤地坝的减沙作用及其时效性

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水利学报 2018年第2期49卷 145-155页

作者：刘晓燕高云飞马三保董国涛黄河水利委员会河南郑州450003 黄河上中游管理局陕西西安710021 绥德水土保持试验站陕西绥德719000 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院河南郑州450003

在黄河近年来沙锐减的背景下,需要深入探究黄土高原淤地坝的减沙作用。本文基于实测数据分析了淤地坝拦沙与入黄泥沙减少量的关系、拦沙作用的时效性以及坝地的减蚀作用。研究结果表明,淤地坝拦沙量一般大于或等于相应的入黄泥沙减少量... 详细信息

在黄河近年来沙锐减的背景下,需要深入探究黄土高原淤地坝的减沙作用。本文基于实测数据分析了淤地坝拦沙与入黄泥沙减少量的关系、拦沙作用的时效性以及坝地的减蚀作用。研究结果表明,淤地坝拦沙量一般大于或等于相应的入黄泥沙减少量;流域的林草梯田覆盖率越大、地表土壤粒径越粗,淤地坝因拦沙所致的减沙量占其拦沙量的比例越小。淤地坝拦沙作用的时效性非常突出,拦沙库容淤满即基本失去拦沙能力。失去拦沙能力后,淤地坝仍可依靠拦沙所形成的坝地发挥减沙作用;如果流域的林草梯田覆盖状况较差,坝地减沙作用的"空间影响范围"可达自身面积的4.。不过,随着流域的林草梯田覆盖率增大,单位面积坝地的实际减沙量会逐渐降低。

关键词：黄土高原淤地坝拦沙减沙时效性坝地

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