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Identifying the geographical origin and processing technology of Moyao(Myrrh) on the basis of near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第3期44卷 505-514页

作者： XU Ningning YAN Ganming XU Fengjie DENG Linfeng QIAO xinjiang LU Changzheng CHENG Shaomin TCM Diagnosis institute College of Traditional Chinese MedicineJiangxi University of Chinese Medicine TCM Processing institute Pharmaceutical CollegeJiangxi University of Chinese medicine School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Jiangxi Guhan Refined Chinese Herbal Pieces Co. Ltd.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of Moyao(Myrrh) in the identification of the geographical origin and processing of the products. METHODS: Raw Moyao(Myrrh) and two kinds of Moyao(Myrrh) processed with vinegar from three countries were identified using near-infrared(NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques. Principal component analysis(PCA) was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and visualize the clustering of samples from different categories. A classical chemometric algorithm(PLS-DA) and two machine learning algorithms [K-nearest neighbor(KNN) and support vector machine] were used to conduct a classification analysis of the near-infrared spectra of the Moyao(Myrrh) samples, and their discriminative performance was evaluated. RESULTS: Based on the accuracy, precision, recall rate, and F1 value in each model, the results showed that the classical chemometric algorithm and the machine learning algorithm obtained positive results. In all of the chemometric analyses, the NIR spectrum of Moyao(Myrrh) preprocessed by standard normal variation or Multivariate scattering correction combined with KNN achieved the highest accuracy in identifying the geographical origins, and the accuracy of identifying the processing technology established by the KNN method after first-order derivative pretreatment was the best. The best accuracy of geographical origin discrimination and processing technology discrimination were 0.9853 and 0.9706 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric technology can be an important tool for tracking the origin and processing technology of Moyao(Myrrh) and can also provide a reference for evaluations of its quality and the clinical use.

关键词： Moyao () geographical origin near-infrared spectroscopy processing technology

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Epidemiological Studies on Cystic Echinococcosis in china─A Review

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1995年第2期8卷 122-136页

作者： CHAI JUN-JIE(National Hydatid Disease Center of china, Xnjiang institute for Endemic Diseases Control and research, urumqi {4. china 830002) National Hydatid Disease Center of china Xinjiang Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Research.

In the four decades from 1951 to 1990, the six provinces or autonomous regions (xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xizang and Nei Monggol) reported a total of 26 065surgical cases of hydatid disease, most of which were reported in the recent decade. About one third of the patients was children and adolescents under 15 years old. So far, cystic hydatid infections of local origin have been confirmed in 22 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the whole nation. Findings of X-ray examination and real-time B-mode ultrasonography in agricultural and pastoral areas of xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai,Ningxia and Xizang showed that the morbidity rate of hydatidosis in human population varied between 0.5% and 4.5%. The main animal intermediate host in all these regions is sheep, the morbidity of which varied between 3.3% and 90%. The infection rate of adult Echinococcus granulosus in dogs varied between 7% and 71%. The high-risk period for humans contracting hydatid disease is the pre-school age. Direct contact of children with dogs and ingestion of water, vegetables and foods contaminated by worm eggs are the chief mode of transmission for human hydatidosis. The common practices of home slaughter and of feeding dogs on offal containing hydatid cysts facilitate the life cycIe of the *** the basis of hydatid control efforts for several years, the Ministry of Public Health promulgated officially the '1992-1995 National Programme for Hydatid Disease Control'in April, 1992, and pilot studies in which the control of hydatidosis is composed of extensive health education, sanitation of slaughtering and management and deworming of dogs are being *** echinococcosis has wide distribution in china and is a major public health problem in hyperendemic areas, poses a great threat against people's health and influences the development of livestock husbandry. This problem has received great attention from the medical and veterinary departments. In the rencent d

关键词： Epidemiological Studies on Cystic Echinococcosis in china A Review

The possible pivotal role of the eastward dust transport from Central Asia in the global temperature decrease

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第A1期51卷 1-7页

作者： LIU Mingzhe & WEI Wenshou xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, urumqi 830011, china Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, china Chemical Laboratory for Atmosphere, china meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, china urumqi Desert Meteorology, china meteorological Administration, urumqi 830002, china xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Chemical Laboratory for Atmosphere China Meteorological Administration Beijing China urumqi Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Urumqi China

glacial-interglacialgyrations 的出现能与 Milankovitch 理论被解释，这通常被考虑。然而，在理论的一些问题的答案还当前没被导出。在从 CentralAsia 研究东方灰尘运输以后，我们发现了在东方灰尘运输和全球温度减少之间有积极反馈... 详细信息

glacial-interglacialgyrations 的出现能与 Milankovitch 理论被解释，这通常被考虑。然而，在理论的一些问题的答案还当前没被导出。在从 CentralAsia 研究东方灰尘运输以后，我们发现了在东方灰尘运输和全球温度减少之间有积极反馈机制。这在北半球的 thehigh 纬度区域放大太阳的放射变化的效果，并且导致全球冰川的时代的出现。积极反馈机制在北半球的 thehigh 纬度区域以太阳的放射的减小开始。随后，全球温度减少，全球冰川的历元发生，在哪个枢轴的因素是从 CentralAsia 的东方灰尘运输。与积极反馈机制的理论，在 Milankovitch 理论的一些问题能被解决很好。

关键词：冰川间冰期高纬度地区北半球太阳辐射正反馈机制

Theoretical critical value curve and driving force formation of ecological migration in the arid land

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第A1期51卷 196-203页

作者： ZHU Zi’an & ZHANG Xiaolei xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, urumqi 830011, china The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, china xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Development and Reform Commission, urumqi 830002, china xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Development and Reform Commission Urumqi China

干旱陆地的易碎的 eco 环境的特征确定它骚乱抵抗的能力更低。在干旱陆地的自然荒芜的绿洲在在宽 Gobi 沙漠散布的马赛克补丁。人口分发是极大地依赖于水资源。人口与驱散的分发，简单生产和生活被描绘风格，和贫穷和遥远。生态的迁居... 详细信息

干旱陆地的易碎的 eco 环境的特征确定它骚乱抵抗的能力更低。在干旱陆地的自然荒芜的绿洲在在宽 Gobi 沙漠散布的马赛克补丁。人口分发是极大地依赖于水资源。人口与驱散的分发，简单生产和生活被描绘风格，和贫穷和遥远。生态的迁居被执行的原因躺在生态的问题。生态的降级是生态的迁居的主要驱动力。然后，驱动力的力量取决于生态的降级的度。因此，是否执行生态的移植取决于生态的降级的程度。理论上，为在干旱陆地的精明的生态的移植的批评的值曲线通过生态学的相对问题的全面研究被提出，经济等等，在干旱陆地与生态的移植经验结合了，并且基于干旱环境的特征。在这篇文章，与这条曲线，理论研究和生态的迁居的一些实践从不做作的行为和生态的移植的驱动力形成的政府行为的观点被做了。它分析活跃驱动力(因素) 和否定力量(因素) ，并且指出预定和在干旱陆地实现生态的迁居的步骤。理论曲线表达某些创见和适用性，它为为实现生态的迁居工程评估生态的降级和理论底的度提供一个量的方法。

关键词：生态迁移临界值驱动力贫瘠地

Ecological response to the climate change on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in xinjiang

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第6期48卷 765-777页

作者： CHEN Xi1, LUO Geping1, XIA Jun2, ZHOU Kefa1, LOU Shaoping3 & YE Minquan4.1. xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, urumqi 830011, china 2. institute of Geographical and Resources Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 3. urumqi meteorological-satellite Land Station, urumqi 830011, china 4. Seismological Bureau of xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urümqi 830011, china Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Xi xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China institute of Geographical and Resources Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China urumqi meteorological-satellite Land Station Urumqi China Seismological Bureau of xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urümqi China

The Tianshan Mountains is a high and huge mountain body lying across the central part of xinjiang, china, and is also the main area where the runoff forms in xinjiang. In this paper, a set of RS-based study methods is put forward for deriving the information about the natural change of the ecology in arid areas, and the relationship between the climate change trend and the corresponding ecological response on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 4. years is analyzed from the scales of the land cover ecosystems and landscapes based on the observed data of climate, hydrology, modern glaciers and lakes on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 4. years and the satellite RS data since recent 10 years by using the RS and GIS technologies. The results are as follows: (1) The overall trend of climate change on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 4. years is that both air temperature and precipitation are increased, especially the increase amplitudes of air tempera-ture, precipitation and annual runoff volume are high since the decade of the 1990s; (2) the in-tegrated indexes of the vegetation in all the geographical divisions on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are obviously increased since recent 10 years, especially in the artificial oases and the foothill belts, such a change trend is advantageous for improving the vegetation ecology; and (3) the vegetation ecology in the arid areas is extremely sensitive to the climate change, the vegetation coverage and the biomass on the northern slope of the Tianshan Moun-tains are continuously increased because of the climate change since recent 10 years, their in-crease amplitudes in the plains and during the late stage are obviously higher than that in the mountainous regions and during the early stage.

关键词： north slope of the Tianshan Mountains, climate change, hydrological change, natural change of ecology,RS and GIS, vegetation index.

Local electronic structure and magnetic properties of 3d transition metal doped GaAs

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2008年第5期51卷 470-480页

作者： LIN He1 & DUAN HaiMing21 Department of Chemistry,institute of Applied Chemistry,xinjiang University,urumqi 83004.,china 2Department of Physics,xinjiang University,urumqi 83004.,china Department of Chemistry Institute of Applied Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi China Department of Physics Xinjiang University Urumqi China

The local electronic structure and magnetic properties of GaAs doped with 3 transition metal(Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni) were studied by using discrete varia tional method(DVM) based on density functional *** calculated result in dicated that the magnetic moment of transition metal increases first and then de creases,and reaches the maximum value when Mn is doped into *** the cas of Mn concentration of 1.4.,the magnetic moment of Mn is in good agreement wit the experimental *** coupling between impure atoms in the system with tw impure atoms was found to have obvious *** different transition meta the coupling between the impure atom and the nearest neighbor As also has dif ferent variation.

关键词： diluted magnetic semiconductor density functional theory 3d transition metal cluster model electronic structure

The changes of Lop Nur Lake and the disappearance of Loulan

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Journal of Arid Land 2010年第4期2卷 295-303页

作者： ZhiChao WANG xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, urumqi 830011, china xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China

The causes of the disappearance of the ancient town of Loulan in xinjiang, china have been generally agreed to derive from two factors: human activities and natural factors (environmental variations). In this paper, the Muzart Glacier was selected as an example, and found that the length of the glacier has been gradually decreasing and the snow line has been retreating to a higher altitude, both results contributing to a decrease in river flow below the Muzart Glacier. From the distribution of moraines in the Tianshan Mountains and adjacent areas in different periods, the paper speculates that there have been four minor glacial periods since the Quaternary. Although the durations and scales of the four minor glacial periods were different, they all indirectly influenced the formation and disappearance of the Lop Nur Lake. The events of the fourth minor glacial period are the important impact factors in the existence and disappearance of Loulan. Whether the disappearance of Loulan can be related to the events of the three previous minor glacial periods needs further investigation.

关键词： glacier moraine Loulan Lop Nur

Variations of Snow Temperature and their Influence on Snow Cover Physical Parameters in the Western Tianshan Mountains,china

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第6期8卷 827-837页

作者： CHEN Xia WEI WenShou LIU MingZhe GU GuangQin xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Hebei Key Laboratory for Meteorology and Eco-environmen Shijiazhuang 050021 China HeBei Climate Center Shijiazhuang 050021 China institute of Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Urumqi 830011 China Tianshan Station for Snow-cover and Avalanche research Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China

This article discussed about snow temperature variations and their impact on snow cover *** temperature recorders were used to sample at 10-minute intervals at the Tianshan Station for Snow-cover and Avalanche research,Chinese Academy of Sciences.10-layer snow temperature and the snow cover parameters were measured by the snow property analyzer (Snow Fork) in its Stable period,Interim period and Snow melting *** indicate that the amplitude of the diurnal fluctuation in the temperature during Snow melting period is 1.62 times greater than that during Stable *** up to the peak temperature at the snow surface lags behind the peak solar radiation by more than 2.5 hours,and lags behind the peak atmospheric temperature by more than 0.2 hours during all three *** optimal fitted function of snow temperature profile becomes more complicated from Stable period to Snow melting period.22 h temperature profiles in Stable period are the optimal fitted by cubic polynomial *** Interim period and Snow melting period,temperature profiles are optimal fitted by exponential equation between sunset and sunrise,and by Fourier function when solar radiation is *** vertical gradient in the snow temperature reaches its maximum value at the snow surface for three *** peak of this maximum value occurs during Stable period,and is 4.4. times greater than during Interim *** absolute value of temperature gradient is lower than 0.1°C cm-1 for 30 cm beneath snow *** temperature and temperature gradient in Stable period～Interim period indirectly cause increase (decrease) of snow density mainly by increasing (decreasing) *** it dramatically increases its water content to change its permittivity and snow density in Snow melting period.

关键词：温度变化天山西部物理参数雪盖中国最佳拟合函数积雪密度峰值温度

A Dynamic Input- Output Model Solution

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Systems Science and Systems Engineering 1999年第3期9卷 290-298页

作者： GENG Xian\|min xinjiang Petroleum institute, urumqi 830000, china

In this paper we research the homogeneous input output model of forward delay that lag is one production cycle. It is conformed that the necessary and sufficient conditions of economic balanced development are that the output vector GENG Xian\|min xinjiang Petroleum institute, urumqi 830000,{4.Abstract:\ In this paper we research the homogeneous input output model of forward delay that lag is one production cycle. It is conformed that the necessary and sufficient conditions of economic balanced development are that the output vector X(t) is the right positive characteristic vector of (I-A) -1 (A+B), and the input vector is AX(t). We also constitute the workable economic subset S-,when the output vector of the first production cycle is X(1), the economy will surely collapse.

关键词： input output consumption coefficient matrix investment coefficient matrix irreducible nonnegative matrix maximum characteristic value