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Limitation of fault-sealing and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation——An example from the Laoyemiao Oilfi eld of the Nanpu Sag

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Petroleum Science 2008年第4期5卷 295-301页

作者： Jiang Zhenxue Dong Yuexia Li Hongyi Liu Luofu Liu Guangdi Li Xiaoying Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Research Institute of exploration and Development Jidong Oilfield PetroChina Tangshan Hebei 063004 China school of Resources and information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Based on previous studies on the internal structures of fault belts, the fault belts in the Laoyemiao Oilfield of the Nanpu Sag can be divided into three units, a crushed zone, an upper induced fracture zone and a lower induced fracture zone according to the log response characteristics. The upper induced fracture zone is characterized by the development of pervasive fractures and has a poor sealing or non-sealing capability. It therefore can act as pathways for hydrocarbon migration. The lower induced fracture zone consists of fewer fractures and has limited sealing capability. The crushed zone has a good sealing capability comparable to mudstone and can thus prevent lateral migration of fluid. Through physical modeling and comparing laboratory data with calculated data of oil column heights of traps sealed by faults, it is concluded that the fault-sealing capability for oil and gas is limited. When the oil column height reaches a threshold, oil will spill over from the top of reservoir along the lower induced fracture zone under the action of buoyancy, and the size of reservoir will remain unchanged. Analysis of the formation mechanisms of the fault-sealed reservoirs in the Nanpu Sag indicated that the charging sequence of oil and gas in the reservoir was from lower formation to upper formation, with the fault playing an important role in oil and gas accumulation. The hydrocarbon potential in reverse fault-sealed traps is much better than that in the consequent fault-sealed traps. The reverse fault-sealed traps are favorable and preferred exploration targets.

关键词： Limitation of fault-sealing fault belt oil column height hydrocarbon accumulation Nanpu Sag

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Crystallization Mechanism of Na_2.-CaO-Al_2._3-SiO_2.F Glass Containing Cr_2._3

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 1999年第3期13卷 214-218页

作者： Lidong Teng Fuming Wang Wenchao Li(Department of inorganic Materials, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Jinan 2.0100, china)(Applied Science school, {2. of Science and Technology beijing,{4.) Department of Inorganic Materials Shandong Institute of Light Industry Jinan 250100 China Applied Science school University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

The effect of Cr2.3 on the nucleation and crystallization of Na2.-CaO-Al2.3-SiO2.F- glass has been investigated by means of ESR(Electron Spin Resonance), SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope), EDS(Energy Dispersive Specrometer) and so on. Computer pattern recognition is applied to optimize the heat-treatment schedules. The experimental results show that the base glass containing more than 1 .5 % (mass fraction) Cr2.3 can be nucleated internally and converted to spheroidal crystal glass materials. The spheroidal crystal consisted of fibrous wollastonite crystals radiating from a center. The residual glass phase filled in the interstices between the fibers and between the spherulites. During heat treatment process, the valence states ofchromium changed from Cr6- to Cr3-, and the Cr-spinel solidsolution [CaCr2.4. precipitated followed this valence change. At the primary stage of crystallization, the Cr-spinel could act as a nucleating center on which the principal or}stalline phase β-CaSiO3 grew epitaxially.

关键词： crystallized glass Na_2.-CaO-Al_2._3-SiO_2 Cr_2._3 pattern recognition

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Split-plot designs with general minimum lower-order confounding

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Science china Mathematics 2010年第4期53卷 939-952页

作者： WEI JiaLin 1,4.YANG JianFeng 1,LI Peng 3 & ZHANG RunChu 1,2.1 school of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC,Nankai {2.,Tianjin 300071,china 2.KLAS and school of Mathematics and Statistics,Northeast Normal {2.,Changchun 13002.0}china 3 school of Mathematical Sciences,Capital Normal {2.,beijing 100037,china 4.school of Sciences,Tianjin {2. of Commerce,Tianjin 300134.china school of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC Nankai University Tianjin China school of Sciences Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin China school of Mathematical Sciences Capital Normal University Beijing China KLAS and school of Mathematics and Statistics Northeast Normal University Changchun China

Split-plot designs have been widely used in industrial *** to now,most methods for choosing this kind of designs are based on the minimum aberration (MA) ***,by introducing a new pattern,called aliased effect-number pattern (AENP),Zhang et *** a general minimum lowerorder confounding (denoted by GMC for short) criterion and established a general minimum confounding (also denoted by GMC for saving notations) *** is proved that,the GMC criterion selects optimal designs in a more elaborate manner than the existing ones,and when an experimenter has a prior about the importance ordering of factors in experiments the GMC designs are better than other optimal *** this paper we extend the GMC criterion to the split-plot design case and give a GMC-FFSP criterion for ranking split-plot *** comparisons of the new criterion with the MA-MSA-FFSP criterion are given,and the optimal 32.run split-plot designs up to 14.factors under the two criteria are tabulated for comparison and application.

关键词： fractional factorial design GMC criterion minimum aberration split-plot

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Anisotropic characteristics of electrical responses of fractured reservoir with multiple sets of fractures

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Petroleum Science 2009年第2期6卷 127-138页

作者： Shen Jinsong Su Benyu Guo Naichuan Department of geophysics School of Resource and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory of CNPC geophysical exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In fractured reservoirs, the fractures not but also form the main flow channels which connect productivity of reservoirs. However, because of the only provide the storage space for hydrocarbons, the pores of the matrix, so fractures dominate the heterogeneity and randomness of the distribution of fractures, exploration and evaluation of fractured reservoirs is still one of the most difficult problems in the oil industry. In recent years, seismic anisotropy has been applied to the assessment of fractured formations, whereas electrical anisotropy which is more intense in fractured formations than seismic anisotropy has not been studied or used so extensively. In this study, fractured reservoir models which considered multiple sets of fractures with smooth and partly closed, rough surfaces were established based on the fractures and pore network, and the vertical and horizontal electrical resistivities were derived as a function of the matrix and fracture porosities according to Ohm＇s law. By using the anisotropic resistivity equations, variations of the electrical anisotropy of three types of fractured models under the conditions of free pressure and confining pressure were analyzed through the variations of the exerted pressure, matrix porosity, fracture aperture and formation water resistivity. The differences of the vertical and horizontal resistivities and the anisotropy between the connected and non-connected fractures were also analyzed. It is known from the simulated results that an increase of the confining pressure causes a decrease of electrical anisotropy because of the elasticity of the closed fractures and the decrease of the fracture aperture. For a fixed fracture porosity, the higher the matrix porosity, the weaker the electrical anisotropy in the rock formation.

关键词： Fractured reservoir partly closed fracture electrical anisotropy fracture roughness

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Structure Relaxation of Mg_(65)Cu_(2.)Gd_(10) Metallic Glass and Its Effect on Strength

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Journal of Wuhan university of Technology(Materials Science) 2009年第2期24卷 210-213页

作者：李国强 school of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics china Perfect Machinery Industry Corp. Ltd

To identify the re-arrangement of constituent atoms of an amorphous Mg65Cu2.Gd10 alloy happened with annealing, structure relaxation of the alloy was investigated as a function of an- nealing time at 373 K through extended X-ray absorption fine structure （EXAFS） analysis procedures. To understand the effect of structure relaxation on strength, compression tests were conducted for both the as-cast and the annealed Mg65Cu2.Gd10 samples. It is found that short range order around Cu and Gd atoms exhibits different variation trends with increasing annealing time at 373 K, though the structure of the alloy still remains to be amorphous. Based on the fact that the strength of the alloy first exhibits a reduction and then a recovery with annealing time, it is suggested that the enhancement of short range order around Cu should be responsible for the strength reduction, while the enhancement of short range order around Gd should be responsible for the strength recovery.

关键词： Mg-based metallic glass structure relaxation strength annealing

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Preparation and characterization of nano-crystalline diamond films on glass substrate

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Journal of university of Science and Technology beijing 2004年第3期11卷 216-220页

作者： Fanxiu Lu Wubao Yang Zhilin Liu Weizhong Tang Yumei Tong Materials Science and Engineering school, university of Science and Technology {2., beijing 100083. china Mat. Sci. and Eng. Sch. Univ. of Sci. and Technol. Beijing Beijing 100083 China

Adherent nano diamond films were successfully deposited on glass substrate bymicrowave plasma assisted CVD method in H_2.CH_4.and Ar-CH_4.environment. Raman, AFM (Atomic ForceMicroscope), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope), FTIR, and Nano Indentation techniques were usedfor characterization of the obtained nano diamond films. It was found that the average grain sizewas less than 100 nm with a surface roughness value as low as 2.nm. The nano diamond films werefound to have excellent transparency in visible and IR spectrum range, and were as hard as naturaldiamond. Experimental results were presented. Mechanisms for nano diamond film deposition werediscussed.

关键词： nano diamond films microwave plasma assisted CVD characterization glasssubstrate

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Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds by Adsorption and Photocatalytic Oxydation

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Journal of Wuhan university of Technology(Materials Science) 2007年第3期22卷 450-452页

作者：许德平黄正宏 Lab of Advanced Materials Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua University school of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology

Based on the study of equilibrium adsorption on viscose rayon-based activated carbon fiber （ACF） by gravimetric method, mounting of TiO2.on PAN-based activated carbon cloth （ACC） and their photocatalytic activity as well as adsorption performance for benzene were investigated. The crystallinity of TiO2.and pore structure were characterized by XRD and N2.adsorption. The results show that crystallinity of TiO2.and pore structure could be postulated by heat treatment condition. Both crystallinity of TiO2.and pore structure of hybrid have effects on photocatalytic performance of TiO2.mounted ACC. It would be more attractive and prospective for the combination of TiO2.photocatalytic activity and adsorption ability of porous materials.

关键词： volatile organic compounds activated carbon cloth TiO2

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Identification and removal of block ambiguities in sea surface wind field with scatterometers

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Science china Earth Sciences 2009年第2期52卷 242-249页

作者： CHEN KeHai1,2. XIE XueTong3 & FANG Yu4.1 South china Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, china 2.Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10004., china 3 school of Electronic Science and Engineering, National university of Defense Technology, Changsha 4.0073, china 4.The Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking university, beijing 100871, china South china Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China school of Electronic Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha China The Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS Peking University Beijing China

The solution of the current wind retrieval algorithm for scatterometers has several wind vector ambi-guities, due to the bi-harmonic relationship between normalized backscattering cross section and the relative wind direction and the existence of the measurement error. In order to remove the ambiguities for a unique wind field, a circular median filter approach (CMF) is usually adopted. But under the con-dition for clustering distribution of the false ambiguities in some local areas, the CMF fails and thus engenders block ambiguities, which degrade the precision of the retrieved wind field. For such a situation, a technique of identification and removal of the block ambiguities is presented to further optimize the retrieved wind field after CMF. It is demonstrated in experiment that this technique can identify and remove most of the block ambiguities.

关键词： scatterometer block ambiguity identification and removal

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Diagenesis and Restructuring Mechanism of Oil and Gas Reservoir in the Marine Carbonate Formation,Northeastern Sichuan:A Case Study of the Puguang Gas Reservoir

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Acta geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第6期83卷 1173-1181页

作者： DU Chunguo1, 2. WANG Jianjun1, ZOU Huayao2. ZHU Yangming3 and WANG Cunwu4.1 Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development, {2. 100034. china 2.Petroleum university of china, {2. 102.4., china 3 Department of Earth Science, Zhejiang university, Hangzhou 31002., china 4.Faculty of Earth Resources, china university of geosciences, Wuhan 4.0074. china Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development Beijing 100034 China Petroleum university of china Beijing 102249 China Department of Earth Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

Based on the technology of balanced cross-section and physical simulation experiments associated with natural gas geochemical characteristic analyses, core and thin section observations, it has been proven that the Puguang gas reservoir has experienced two periods of diagenesis and restructuring since the Late Indo-Chinese epoch. One is the fluid transfer controlled by the tectonic movement and the other is geochemical reconstruction controlled by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The middle Yanshan epoch was the main period that the Puguang gas reservoir experienced the geochemical reaction of TSR. TSR can recreate the fluid in the gas reservoir, which makes the gas drying index higher and carbon isotope heavier because C2. (ethane and heavy hydrocarbon) and 12. (carbon 12.isotope) is first consumed relative to CH4.and 13C (carbon 13 isotope). However, the reciprocity between fluid regarding TSR (hydrocarbon, sulfureted hydrogen (H2.) , and water) and reservoir rock results in reservoir rock erosion and anhydrite alteration, which increases porosity in reservoir, thereby improving the petrophysical properties. Superimposed by later tectonic movement, the fluid in Puguang reservoir has twice experienced adjustment, one in the late Yanshan epoch to the early Himalayan epoch and the other time in late Himalayan epoch, after which Puguang gas reservoir is finally developed.

关键词： diagenesis and restructuring mechanism marine carbonate formation thermochemical sulfate reduction Puguang gas reservoir

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The effects of shock wave and quasi-traveling wave in the mechanical impact test

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 2535-2541页

作者： WU Mei1,5,SUN ZhongFeng2.ZHANG LuMei3,CHEN Yong1 & JI LinHong4.1 Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 10004.,china 2.school of Mathematical Sciences,Peking university,beijing 100871,china 3 High school of Central university for Nationalities,beijing 100081,china 4.Institute of Mechanical Design,Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanology,Tsinghua university,beijing 100084.china 5 Academy of Opto-electronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100190,china Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Academy of Opto-electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China school of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Beijing China High school of Central university for Nationalities Beijing China Institute of Mechanical Design Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanology Tsinghua University Beijing China

It is well-known that the numerical value is always larger than the measured value,amounting to many times,if we calculate the stress of the specimen in the impulse test using the NASTRAN and ANSYS (N-A) *** believe that the impact induces shock wave or quasi-traveling wave in the specimen,which can qualitatively explain the discrepancy of the two *** order to verify it,the Lax-Friedrichs (L-F) scheme is taken to simulate the transmission of shock wave and quasi-traveling wave in *** results show that the action area of the stress wave is small and the action time is very short,so the resulting stress and actual work are not *** addition,the distribution of the impact values obtained by the numerical simulation is in accordance with the trend of the measured impact values.

关键词： aerospace environment test shock wave quasi-traveling wave

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