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Abnormal high pressure in Kuqa foreland thrust belt of Tarim basin: Origin and impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1307-1314页

作者： ZENG Lianbo~1** and LIU Benming~ 1,2.(1. Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in china Petroleum university, Ministry of Education, Beijing 102.{2., china 2. The Institute of Oil and Gas exploration and Development, Tarim Oilfield Company, Petro{{2. Company Limited, Korla 8{2.000, china) Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in china Petroleum University Ministry of Education Beijing 102249 China The Institute of Oil and Gas exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Company Limited Korla 841000 China

Following analyses of the abnormal high pressure distribution characteristics, based on the geological characteristics, tectonic stress field and physical simulation, we investigated the formation mechanisms of abnormal high pressure and its impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure appears at the bottom of the Paleogene and obviously exists in the Triassic and Jurassic. However, the pressure coefficient in the Triassic and Jurassic is lower than that in the Cretaceous and at the bottom of the Paleogene. Horizontally, the abnormal high pressure distribution is characterized by E-W orientation zoning. The maximum pressure coefficient lies in the Kelasu-Dongqiu-Dina tectonic zones in the center of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt and decreases away from the tectonic zones. The formation of abnormal high pressure was mainly related with the intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene time, and tectonic uplifting, undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation were secondary factors contributing to abnormal high pressure. Under the rapid and intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene, the rock framework firstly undertook 1/4.of the compression stress and the other was borne by the pore fluids. Due to the presence of great seal of gypsum-salt or gypsum-mudstone beds in the Paleogene, the pressure of pore fluids increased rapidly and led to the abnormal high pressure in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure has important impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation. It is one of the necessary conditions for formation of large oil and gas fields in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt.

关键词： abnormal high pressure formation mechanism oil and gas reservoir Kuqa foreland thrust belt Tarim basin.

Pathways of birnessite formation in alkali medium

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1438-1451页

作者： FENG Xionghan1, TAN Wenfeng1, LIU Fan1, HUANG Qiaoyun1 & LIU Xiangwen2.1. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural university, Wuhan 4.0070,{2. 2. Testing Center, china university of geosciences, Wuhan 4.0074.{2. College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China Testing Center China University of Geosciences Wuhan China

Birnessite is a common weathering and oxidation product of manganese-bearing rocks. An O2.oxidation procedure of Mn(OH)2.in the alkali medium has been used to synthesize birnessite. Fast and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED), energy dispersed X-ray analysis (EDAX), infrared spectroscopy (IR) techniques and chemical composition analysis, Eh-pH equilibrium diagram approaches were employed to investigate the reaction process and pathways of birnessite formation. Results showed that the process of the birnessite formation could be divided into four stages: (1) forma- tion stage for hausmannite and feitknechtite, (2. stage of transformation of hausmannite and feitknechtite to buserite, (3) buserite crystal growing stage, and (4. stage of conversion of buser- ite into birnessite. Mn(OH)2.was mainly present as amorphous state only for a short initial time of oxidation reaction. In the oxidation process, buserite formed following two pathways by recrys- tallization after dissolution of the intermediates, and the transformations of the minerals de- pended on the Eh determined by the dissolved O2.concentration on their surfaces. The results are fundamental in further exploration on the mechanism of birnessite formation in the alkali medium. A great practical significance would also be expected with respect to the areas of mate- rial sciences.

关键词： birnessite, pathway of formation, reaction process, Eh-pH diagram, hausmannite, feitknechtite.

HCWCI/Carbon Steel Bimetal Liner by Liquid-Liquid Compound Lost Foam Casting

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第10期19卷 13-19页

作者： XIAO Xiao-feng1,2. YE Sheng-ping2. YIN Wei-xin3, XUE Qiong4.(1. school of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan Textile {2., Wuhan 4.0073, Hubei, china 2. State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong {2. of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4.0074. Hubei, china 3. Wuhan Zhike Abrasive-Resistant Material Science and Technology Development Co Ltd, Wuhan 4.0073, Hubei, china 4. College of Science, Wuhan {2. of Technology, Wuhan 4.0079, Hubei, china) school of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Wuhan Textile University Wuhan Hubei China State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China Wuhan Zhike Abrasive-Resistant Material Science and Technology Development Co Ltd Wuhan Hubei China College of Science Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China

Impact, friction and corrosion from the grinding balls and the grinding medium during the mineral processing result in liner breakage. Liner, made from Hadfield steel or alloyed steel, could not have served in wet grinding environment for more than ten months. Composite liner, made from HCWCI (high Cr white cast iron) and carbon steel, has been developed successfully with liquid-liquid composing process based on LFC (lost foam casting). The microstructure of composite was analyzed with optical microscope, SEM (scanning electron microscope)/EDX energy-dispersive X-ray and XRD (X-ray diffraction). According to micrograph, the combination region of two metals was staggered like dogtooth, no mixtures occurred between two liquid metals, and its interface presented excellent metallurgical bonding state. The results of mechanical property test show that, the hardness of HRC, the fracture toughness, and the bending strength are more than 61, 16.5 J/cm2.and 1 600 MPa, respectively. Comparison between liners made from bimetal composite and alloyed steel has also been investigated in industrial hematite ball mill. The results of eight months test in wet grinding environment prove that the service life of bimetal composite liner is three times as long as that of one made from alloyed steel.

关键词： composite liner bimetal liquid-liquid compound composite interface lost foam casting high Cr white cast iron

Relaying Selection with Network-coded Cooperative Protocols in Aeronautical Communications

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2010年第1期23卷 75-83页

作者： Du Bing,Zhang Jun school of Electronics and information Engineering,Beijing {2. of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Beijing 100191,china school of Electronics and information Engineering Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Beijing 100191 China

In this article, we exploit the idea of network-coded cooperative protocol in aeronautical communications which combines different source nodes＇ information at the relay and joint decoding at the destination. Recently, the network coding in cooperative communications has been categorized into two mainstreams, bit-level and signal-level combinations, which are both discussed in the article. And to be exclusively,multiple access relay channel（MARC） is adopted. The mutual information expressions of both above-cited network-coded protocols are deduced, which prove that without proper selected relays to perform network coding, the spatial diversity of the proposed protocol cannot be obtained. This then leads to search for the selection and grouping algorithms. An adjacency matrix is defined to describe the connectivity of the nodes in one radio contact disk, so that, the selection and grouping of algorithm is equivalent to constructing this adjacency matrix to minimize the system outage probability evaluated in term of the mutual information. Besides, a network-coded cooperative protocol requires the acyclic network, of which the construction is to avoid loop-4.in the matrix. The article ends with simulations to demonstrate the viability of the proposed algorithms.

关键词： communication network coding outage probability mutual information bit-level signal-level

Population pharmacokinetics of valproate in Chinese children with epilepsy

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第10期28卷 1677-1684页

作者： De-chun JIANG~(2.3),Li WANG~4.Yu-qin WANG~(2.6),Lin LI~3,Wei LU~5,Xiang-rong BAI~2.2.Department of Pharmacy,Xuan-wu Hospital of Capital Medical university,Beijing 100053,{2. ~4.Department of Pediatrics,Peking universityFirst Hospital,Beijing 100034.{2. ~3 Department of Pharmacology,Xuan-wu Hospital of Capital Medical university,Education Ministry KeyLaboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases,Beijing 100053,{2. ~5 school of Pharmaceutical Science,Peking university,Beijing 100083,{2. Department of Pharmacy Xuan-wu Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing China Department of Pharmacology Xuan-wu Hospital of Capital Medical University Education Ministry Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases Beijing China Department of Pediatrics Peking University First Hospital Beijing China school of Pharmaceutical Science Peking University Beijing China

Aim:The aim of the present study is to establish a population pharmacokinetic（PPK） model of valproate （VPA） in Chinese epileptic children to promote thereasonable use of anti-epileptic ***:Sparse data of VPA serumconcentrations from 4.7 epileptic children were *** patients weredivided into 2.groups:the PPK model group （n=317） and the PPK valid group（n=100）.The PPK parameter values of VPA were calculated by NONMEM soft-ware using the data of the PPK model group.A basic model and a final modelwere set *** validate the 2.models,the concentrations of PPK valid groupwere predicted by each model,*** mean prediction error （MPE）,mean squared prediction error （MSPE）,root mean squared prediction error（RMSPE）,weight residues （WRES）,and the 95% confidence intervals （95%CI） were also ***,the values between the 2.models were ***:The PPK of VPA was determined by a 1-compartment model with afirst-order absorption *** basic model was:Ka=3.09 (h-1),V/F=2..4.L）,CL/F=0.2.6 （L/h）.The final model was:Ka=0.2.1+2.2.0}（1-HS）(h-1),V/F=2.88+0.157·WT （L）,CL/F=0.1060.98·CO+0.0157·AGE （L/h）.For thebasic model,the MPE,MSPE,RMSPE,WRES,and the 95% CI were-2..53（-30.36,-16.70）,372..96 （2.72.72.4.85.2.）,39.62.（34.34.4..90）,and-0.06 （-0.14.0.02.,*** the final model,the MPE,MSPE,RMSPE,WRES,and the95% CI were-1.16 （-4.85,2.53）,1002.83 （1050.64.114..61）,2..04.（2..12.2.0}96）,and0.08 （-0.04.0.2.）,*** final model was more optimal than the ***:The PPK model of VPA in Chinese epileptic children wassuccessfully *** will be valuable to facilitate individualized dosageregimens.

关键词： population pharmacokinetics valproic acid epilepsy children Bayesian method NONMEM software individualized dosage regimens

The three-dimensional structure of Infectious flacherie virus capsid determined by cryo-electron microscopy

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2009年第12期52卷 1186-1191页

作者： XIE Li1,4. ZHANG QinFen2., LU XingMeng3, DAI XinHong2. LI KunPeng2. HONG Jian1,4. & ZHOU XuePing11 Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang {2., Hangzhou 31002., china 2.State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, school of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen {2., Guangzhou 5102.5, china 3 College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang {2., Hangzhou 31002., china 4.Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang {2., Hangzhou 31002., china Institute of Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Center of Analysis and Measurement Zhejiang University Hangzhou China State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

Cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction were used to determine the three-dimensional structure of Infectious flacherie virus (IFV). 504. particles were selected for the final reconstruction. The FSC curve showed that the resolution of this capsid structure was 18 ·. The structure is a psuedo T=3 (P=3) icosahedral capsid with a diameter of 302.4.· and a single shell thickness of 15 ·. The density map showed that IFV has a smooth surface without any prominent protrude or depression. Comparison of the IFV structure with those of the insect picorna-like virus-Cricket paralysis virus (CrPV)and human picornavirus-Human rhinovirus 14.(HRV 14. revealed that the IFV structure resembles the CrPV structure. The "Rossmann canyon" is absent in both IFV and CrPV particles. The polypeptide topology of IFV VP2. IFV VP3 was predicted and the subunit location at the capsid surface was further analyzed.

关键词： Infectious flacherie virus cryo-electron microscopy three-dimensional structure polypeptide folding

A kind of coccoid dinoflagel-lates-like fossils gives a new explanation of source of dinosterane in the Early-Middle Cambrian

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第5期46卷 420-423,442页

作者： BIAN Lizeng, ZHANG Shuichang, ZHANG Baomin, MAO Shaozhi & YIN LeimingDepartment of Earth Sciences, Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0093,china Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry,{2. National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100083,{2. Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development,{2. National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100083,{2. china university of geosciences, Beijing 100083,{2. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 2.0008,{2. Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing China Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing China china university of {2. Beijing China Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China

The coccoid fossils covered with thick gelatinous envelop containing several gametes are discovered in gyps and salt deposits of Cambrian, H4.well and chert bed of the base of Yuertus Formation (∈11) of Xiaoerbulake Section. The fossils are described and compared with coccoid dinoflagellates. These fossils may be a coccoid life-cycle stage (vegetative cyst) of coccoid dinoflagellates. If this identification is correct, the coccoid dinoflagellates-like fossils could give a reasonable explanation of the dinoflagellate-specific biomarkers from Cambrian, H4.well, Tarim Basin.

关键词： coccoid dinoflagellates-like fossils dinoflagellate-specific biomarkers Cambrian Tarim Basin.

Discovery of Cu-Zn,Cu-Sn intermetallic minerals and its significance for genesis of the Mianning-Dechang REE Metallogenic Belt,Sichuan Province,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第6期49卷 597-603页

作者： XIE Yuling1, HOU Zengqian2. XU Jiuhua1, YUAN Zhongxin2. BAI Ge2.& LI Xiaoyu3 1. Civil and Environmental Engineering school, university of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing {2., china 2. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, china 3. The 109th Geological Team, Sichuan Bureau of Mineral exploration, Chengdu 610100, china Civil and Environmental Engineering school University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China The 109th Geological Team Sichuan Bureau of Mineral Exploration Chengdu China

Mianning-Dechang Himalayan REE Metallogenetic Belt in Sichuan Province lies along the western margin of the Yangtze Craton. We have conducted detailed mineralogical studies on ore minerals collected from Maoniuping and Dalucao, the two largest deposits in the belt. With optical microscope, SEM/EDS, and EPMA, three rare intermetallic minerals, i.e., zinccopperite (Cu2.n), Sn- bearing native copper, and Cu-bearing jupiter were found to occur in the main ore along with barite, fluorite, apatite, sulfide and bastnaesite. Since the conditions under which zinccopperite and Sn- bearing native copper formed are quite unique, finding of these minerals, for the first time in domestic REE deposits, has significant implications for the genesis of the ore deposits in which they occur. In comparison with Cu-Zn intermetallic minerals in other occurrences, we propose that the formation of this REE metallogenetic belt is associated with fast upwelling of the Himalayan magma from deep source.

关键词： Mianning-Dechang REE metallogenetic belt, Cu-bearing intermetallic minerals, EPMA, genesis significance, deep source magmatic activity.

Limitation of fault-sealing and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation——An example from the Laoyemiao Oilfi eld of the Nanpu Sag

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Petroleum Science 2008年第4期5卷 295-301页

作者： Jiang Zhenxue Dong Yuexia Li Hongyi Liu Luofu Liu Guangdi Li Xiaoying Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Research Institute of exploration and Development Jidong Oilfield PetroChina Tangshan Hebei 063004 China school of Resources and information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Based on previous studies on the internal structures of fault belts, the fault belts in the Laoyemiao Oilfield of the Nanpu Sag can be divided into three units, a crushed zone, an upper induced fracture zone and a lower induced fracture zone according to the log response characteristics. The upper induced fracture zone is characterized by the development of pervasive fractures and has a poor sealing or non-sealing capability. It therefore can act as pathways for hydrocarbon migration. The lower induced fracture zone consists of fewer fractures and has limited sealing capability. The crushed zone has a good sealing capability comparable to mudstone and can thus prevent lateral migration of fluid. Through physical modeling and comparing laboratory data with calculated data of oil column heights of traps sealed by faults, it is concluded that the fault-sealing capability for oil and gas is limited. When the oil column height reaches a threshold, oil will spill over from the top of reservoir along the lower induced fracture zone under the action of buoyancy, and the size of reservoir will remain unchanged. Analysis of the formation mechanisms of the fault-sealed reservoirs in the Nanpu Sag indicated that the charging sequence of oil and gas in the reservoir was from lower formation to upper formation, with the fault playing an important role in oil and gas accumulation. The hydrocarbon potential in reverse fault-sealed traps is much better than that in the consequent fault-sealed traps. The reverse fault-sealed traps are favorable and preferred exploration targets.

关键词： Limitation of fault-sealing fault belt oil column height hydrocarbon accumulation Nanpu Sag