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MAJOR PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE BANK AREA OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER

chinese Geographical Science 2000年第2期10卷 97-104页

作者： YANG Gui-shan(nanjing institute of geography and limnology,the{4., Nanjng 2.0008, P R. China) nanjing institute of geography and limnology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing P. R. China

Developing the Changjiang(Yangtze) River and building a developed economic zone along the bank area of the Chanajiang River is a great strategic decision of the national macroeconomic development distribution. This decision has both given an impetus to fast development of the regional economy and exacerbated the contradiction among economy and resources and environment. In this paper, some major problems ekisting in economic sustainable development, such as scattered industrial structure, duplicated construction of the great projects, enlarging the development gap of the regional economy and deteriorated environment etc., have been studied. The results show that scattered structure and duplicated distribution of some key industries and projects, especially automobile, electronics and petrochemical industry and communication, power installations, is one of the reasons for low industrial economic benefit; the great development gap among upper, middle and lower reaches areas are enlarging since the 1990’ s; soil erosion, nood disaster and environmental pollution are still exacerliating due to unreasonable over-development. Based on the above analysis, this paper brings out some countermeasures and proposals for increasing the ability of regional sustainable development, including transregional reorganization of industrial structure linking by assets and speeding the process of regional economy integration; gradually controlling and reducing the development gap arnong upper, middle and lower reaches areas through regional cooperation on a mutually beneficial basis; as well as strengthening ecological construction and environmental protection and increasing environmental bearing capacity etc.

关键词： the bank area of the Changjiang River sustainable development structure problems environment deterioration

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Research on the evaluation model of the modernization level of urban construction in jiangsu Province,China

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 2510-2514页

作者： YANG JunYan1 & CHEN Wen2 1 School of Architecture,Southeast University,nanjing 2.0096,China 2 nanjing institute of {4. and limnology,chinese academy of sciences,nanjing 2.0008,China 1. School of Architecture Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China2. Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

The modernization of urban construction is a key index in the process of urbanization,and also is an important index to measure the level of socio-economic and cultural *** paper analyzes and explores the related concepts of modernization of urban construction,analyzes the situation and identity of urban construction layer by layer so as to establish an evaluation index system of the modernization level of urban construction and then the paper evaluates the modernization level of urban construction from four different angles,which are the perspectives of the urban planning control,the level of urban facilities,urban management,urban construction *** later analyzes the evaluation results by choosing jiangsu Province as a research hierarchy from the scale chains of urban study and makes efforts to the operative and directive development direction.

关键词： modernization of urban construction index system evaluation model

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THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MAIN PROBLEMSOF MINORITY REGIONS IN CHINA

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chinese Geographical Science 2001年第4期11卷 8-13页

作者： ZHANG Luo-cheng, WU Chu-cai(nanjing institute of geography & limnology, the{4., nanjing 2.0008, P. R. China) nanjing institute of geography & limnology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing P. R. China

ABSTRACT: China is a country that has a large number of minorities, who live in specific regions which are mainly located in central and west China. These regions are abundant in natural resources, which are potential advantages and also an important basis for economic development in these regions. They are of general importance for China in strategic and ecological terms. They will not only affect the environment for survival of the minority regions but also affect the sustainable development of the eastern and central parts of China and even the survival and development of the chinese nation as a whole. Minorities live in relatively compact communities, among the 55 minorities, 35 of them were highly compact minorities, with a compact level of more than 90% . Here the development in infrastructure as well as social and economic development (e. g. export-oriented economy) has been and is still slow, regional poverty are most concentrated. The economic structures in minority areas are still in the low stage, which have resulted in underdevelopment in these regions.

关键词： minority regions development problems

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Economic development and major guarantee projects in the region along the Yangtze River

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Journal of Geographical sciences 1998年第3期8卷 83-92页

作者： CHEN Wen YU Xiaogan nanjing institute of geography & limnology,{4. nanjing 2.0008 CHINA

The region along the Yangtze River is the major exploitation belt and a linkage of eastern and western parts of China. It plays an essential role in the national economic development. Since the implementation of the reform and open door policy, regional economy has got rapidly developed. In the process of development, the region also faces difficulties like energy shortage, backward transportation facilities, grain output reduction, and environmental deterioration. Countermeasures are put forward in the paper to cope with the difficulties.

关键词： regional economy development strategy industry transportation energy Yangtze Valley.

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Seasonal variation of potential denitrification rates of surface sediment from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2010年第7期22卷 961-967页

作者： Jicheng Zhong, Chengxin Fan, Guofeng Liu, Lei Zhang, Jingge Shang, Xiaozhi GuState Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, nanjing institute of geography and limnology,{4., nanjing 2.0008, China. [a] State Key Laboratory of Lake Science Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

The regulatory effects of environmental factors on denitrification were studied in the sediments of Meiliang Bay, Talhu Lake, in a monthly sampling campaign over a one-year period. Denitrification rates were measured in slurries of field samples and enrichment experiments using the acetylene inhibition technique. Sediment denitrification rates in inner bay and outer bay ranged from 2.8 to 51.5 nmol N2/（g dw （dry weight）·hr） and from 1.5 to 81.1 nmol N2/（g dw·hr）, respectively. Sediment denitrification rates were greatest in the spring and lowest in the summer and early autumn, due primarily to seasonal differences in nitrate concentration and water temperature. For each site, positive and linear relationships were regularly observed between denitrification rate and water column nitrate concentration. Of various environmental factors on denitrification that we assessed, nitrate was determined to be the key factor limiting denitrification rates in the sediments of Meiliang Bay. In addition, at the two sites denitrification rates were also regulated by temperature. The addition of organic substrates had no significant effect on denitrification rate, indicating that sediment denitrification was not limited by organic carbon availability in the sediments. Nitrate in the water column was depleted during summer and early autumn, and this suppressed effective removal of nitrogen from Taihu Lake by denitrification.

关键词： denitrification sediment environmental factors Taihu Lake

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Nutrient fluxes induced by disturbance in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第z1期49卷 186-192页

作者： LUO Liancong, QIN Boqiang, ZHU Guangwei, SUN Xiaojing, HONG Dalin, GAO Yajun & XIE Rui nanjing institute of geography & limnology,{4., nanjing 2.0008, China nanjing Hydraulic Research institute, Ministry of Water Resources, nanjing 2.0024. China 1. nanjing institute of geography & limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China2. Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Ministry of Water Resources Nanjing 210024 China

A wave flume experiment was conducted to study nutrient fluxes at water-sediment interface of Meiliang Bay under different hydrodynamic conditions. The results reveal that hydrodynamics has remarkable effects on nutrient fluxes in this area. With a bottom wave stress of 0.019 N m-2 (equivalent to disturbance caused by wind SE 5-7 m s-1 at the sediment sample site of Meiliang Bay), the fluxes of TN, TDN and NH4.-N were separately 1.92× 10-3, -1.81 × 10-4.and 5.28× 10-4.mg m-2 s-1(positive for upward and negative for downward), but for TP, TDP and SRP, the fluxes were 5.69 × 10-4. 1.68 × 10-4.and -1.29 × 10-4.mgm-2 s-1. In order to calculate the released amount of nutrients based on these results, statistic analysis on the long-term meteorological data was *** result shows that the maximum lasting time for wind SE 5-7 m s-1 in this area is about 15 h in summer. Further calculation shows that 111 t TN, 32 t NH4.-N, 34.t TP and 10 t TDP can be released into water (the sediment area was 4..4.% of the whole surface area), resulting in concentration increase of 0.025, 0.007, 0.007 and 0.002 mg L-1 separately. With stronger disturbance (bottom wave stress is 0.217 N m-2 which is equivalent to disturbance caused by wind SE 10-11 m s-1 at the same site), there has been significant increase of nutrient fluxes (1.16× 10-2, 6.76×10-3, 1.14. 10-2 and 2.14. 10-3 mgm-2 s-1 for TN, DTN and NH4.-N and TP). The exceptions were TDP with flux having a decrease (measured to be 9.54. 10-5 mgm-2 s-1 ) and SRP with flux having a small increase (measured to be 5.4. × 10-5 mgm-2 s-1). The same statistic analysis on meteorological data reveal that the maximum lasting time for wind SE 10-11 m s-1 is no more than 5 h. Based on the nutrient fluxes and the wind lasting-time, similar calculations were also made suggesting that 232 t TN, 134.9 t TDN, 228 t NH4.-N, 4..7 t TP, 2.0 t TDP and 1.1 t SRP will be released from sediment at this hydrodynamic condition resulting in the concentration

关键词： hydrodynamics disturbance water-sediment interface nutrient release flux Lake Talhu.

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Dating sediments on several lakes inferred from radionuclide profiles

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Journal of Environmental sciences 1998年第1期10卷 58-65页

作者： Xiang Liang Lake Sediment and Environment Laboratory,nanjing institute of geography & limnology,{4.,nanjing 2.0008,China

In this paper, several sediment cores from three lakes (Gucheng Lake, Dianchi Lake and Dabusopao Lake) in the different regions of China were dated radiometrically by 2.0 Pb, 137 Cs and in Dianchi also by 24. Am. The study shows that the profiles of 137 Cs in lake sediment of China generally have 2—4.distinct chronological markers, i.e. the onset of fallout in 1954.and peak fallout in 1963, 1974.and 1986. As many places of the northern hemisphere, the peak fallout in 1963 was the result of the atmospheric atomic weapons test. But in some areas of China, there may be have one or two other peaks of 137 Cs fallout, one can derive from Chernobyl fallout in 1986 and the other is caused by the nuclear testing fallout in early 1970s. So in these areas, the profiles of 137 Cs can have 2 or 3 peaks as the time markers. 24. Am, which is another fallout product from nuclear weapons testing, also provides a useful dating marker in Dianchi. These time markers are of considerable value to confirm 2.0 Pb dates in the three lakes. Despite there are some questions remain concerning the interpretation of these radionuclide records in lake sediments, coupling with 2.0 Pb and 137 Cs (and/or 24. Am) is suggested to be a valuable limnological tool for establishing sediment chronologies for the lake sediments in China.

关键词： lake sediment radionuclide dating method.

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Simulation　of　sludge－dredging　effects　in　controlling　nutrient　release　of　LakeKasumigaura　with　large－size　core　samples

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Journal of Environmental sciences 1996年第4期8卷 385-389页

作者： Fan Chengxin (nanjing institute of geography and limnology,{4.,nanjing 2.0008,China) Morihiro AIZAKI Kunio KOHATA(The National institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba), Japan nanjing Inst. Geogr. and limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Natl. Inst. for Environ. Studies Tsukuba Japan

Nutrient release from the dredged and undredged sediments in Lake Kasumigaura were simulated under the laboratory control conditions with large-size core samples. It was found that phosphate and ammonia release fluxes are less in aerobic than those in anaerobic. In different simulated dredged depth, the phosphate release showed large divergence in the anaerobic than in the aerobic. There was a larger accumulated release of phosphate and ammonia at actual dredged (St. B) than the undredged (St. A) in anaerobic condition. This showed that the sludge-dredging was effective of controlling phosphorus and nitrogen release. A preliminary assessment is drawn from the experiments that the sludge-dredging work in Tsuchiura Bay of Lake Kasumigaura can reduce about 15. 9% of phospbate and 56. 2% of anunonia release from the sediments respectively.

关键词： sludge-dredging nutrient release aerobic and anaerobic conditions core samples Lake Kasumigaura.

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Preliminary study on assessment of nutrient transport in the Taihu Basin based on SWAT modeling

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第z1期49卷 135-145页

作者： LAI Geying, YU Ge & GUI Feng nanjing institute of geography & limnology,{4., nanjing 2.0008, China The Graduate School of the{4., Beijing 100039, China Key Lab of Poyang Lake Ecological Environment and Resource Development, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330027, China 1. nanjing institute of geography & limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China2. The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China3. Key Lab of Poyang Lake Ecological Environment and Resource Development Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330027 China

With the Taihu Basin as a study area, using the spatially distributed and mechanism-based SWAT model, preliminary simulations of nutrient transport in the Taihu Basin during the period of 1995～2.02 has been carried out. The topography, soil, meteorology and land use with industrial point pollution discharge, the loss of agricultural fertilizers, urban sewerage, and livestock drainages were all considered in the boundary conditions of the simulations. The model was calibrated and validated against water quality monitoring data from 2.01 to 2.02. The results show that the annual total productions of nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) into Lake Taihu are 4.000t and 2.00t respectively. Nutrient from the Huxi Region is a major resource for Lake Taihu. The non-point source (surface source) pollution is the main form of catchment sources of nutrients into Lake Taihu,occupied TN 53% and TP 56% respectively. TN and TP nutrients from industrial point pollution discharge are 30% and 16%, and sewerage in both forms of point source and non-point source are TN 31% and TP 4.%. Both the loss of agricultural fertilizers and livestock drainages from the catchment should be paid more attention as an important nutrient source. The results also show that SWAT is an effective model for the simulation of temporally and spatially nutrient changes and for the assessment of the trends in a catchment scale.

关键词： Taihu Basin, nutrients, catchment resource inputs, SWAT model, simulation.

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A high-resolution late Pleistocene record of pollen vegetation and climate change from Jingning, NW China

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第2期49卷 154-162页

作者： LI Chunhai12, TANG Lingyu1, FENG Zhaodong3,4. ZHANG Hucai2, WANG Weiguo3 & AN Chenbang3 1. nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology, chinese academy of sciences, nanjing {4.008, China 2. Nanjng institute of geography and limnology, chinese academy of sciences, nanjing {4.008, China 3. Environment and Resources College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China 4. Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 1. nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China 2. Nanjng institute of geography and limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China 3. Environment and Resources College Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China 4. Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

With the support of 18 AMS-14. data, a high-resolution pollen record from the Suancigou section at Jingning, Gansu Province was established. Our results showed that the vegetation ex-perienced a series of changes characterized by the alternative growth and decline of forest and steppe components during the period from 4..2 to 11 ka B.P. in the Jingning area. Over the period of 4.―29 ka B.P. (MIS3), coniferous forests were flourishing, indicating a humid climate with the tem-perature being lower than that of the present. Since 23 ka B.P., the vegetation was dominated by steppe-desert steppe under a cold and dry condition, and entered the Last Glacial Maximum domi-nated by desert steppe. Several periods of the marked decrease in the arborous pollen content in Suancigou well corresponded to the North Atlantic Heinrich events, especially to Heinrich event 3, further supporting that the Heinrich events were well reflected by the pollen record in the Loess Pla-teau as well.

关键词： Western Loess Plateau, pollen record, climatic change, late Pleistocene.

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