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Forcing mechanism of the Pleistocene east Asian monsoon variations in a phase perspective

Science china Earth sciences 2005年第10期48卷 1708-1717页

作者： TIAN Jun1,2. WANG Pinxian1, CHENG Xinrong1, WANG Rujian1 & SUN Xiangjun1,3 1. State Key Laboratory of Marine geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 2.0092. china 2. {2. of geology and {4., chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 10002., china 3. {2. of Botany, chinese Academy of sciences, {12. 100093, china Tongji University chinese Academy of sciences

The deep sea records from the ODP Sites 114. and 114. in the northern and southern South{2. Sea (SCS), including foraminiferal δ 18O and δ 13C, Opal% and pollen percentage, reveal that the variations of the east Asian monsoon have been closely correlated with the variations of the Earth’s orbital parameters (eccentricity, obliquity and precession) and the global ice volume on orbital scale. All the monsoonal proxies show strong 100 ka, 4. ka and 2. ka cycles. Although G. ruber δ 13C of Site 114. is coherent with the ETP (ETP= normalized (eccentricity + obliquity-precession) at eccentricity, obliquity and precession bands, most of the coherent relationship focuses on the precession band, and the other monsoonal proxies are coherent with the ETP only at the precession band, which indicate that precession dominates the Pleistocene tropical climate changes. The phase relationship of the monsoonal proxies with the foraminiferal δ 18O implies that the global ice volume changes have played a significant role in modulating the east Asian monsoon climate, at least dominating the winter monsoon. This forcing mechanism of the east Asian monsoon is apparently different from that of the Indian ocean mon-soon. The variations of the east Asian monsoon at the precession band, at least that of the winter monsoon, have been controlled not only by the sensible heating but also by the latent heating of the surface water in the South{2. Sea.

关键词： South china Sea, ODP, east Asian monsoon, orbital forcing, global ice volume.

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Research progress in studies on the coalbed gas geochemistry

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第3期16卷 215-220页

作者： TAO Mingxin (College of Resources sciences & Technology, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry, {4. of geology and geophysics, chinese Academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china) College of Resources sciences and Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

The current situation of geochemical studies on coalbed gas is reviewed in this paper. Generally, coalbed gas is composi-tionally dominated by methane with δ13C1 values ranging approximately from - 80‰ to - 10‰. However, few isotopic studies have been carried out on other components of coalbed gas except for hydrogen and carbon dioxide, whose δDCH4.values available for utilization vary from - 333‰ to - 117‰, and δ13CCO2.values from - 2.. 4. to + 18. 6‰. Two major types of coalbed gas, thermogenic gas and secondary biogenic gas, have been identified, and there are also some other classification criteria. Compared with conventional natural gases, coalbed gas has a wide distribution range of δ13C1 and δ13CCO2.values, especially possessing some extremely heavy values. Current problems that remain unsolved in the coalbed gas geochemistry include the variation mechanism, controlling factors and application of carbon and hydrogen isotopes of methane, the relation between the values of δ13C1 and Ro, the systematic classification scheme and criterion of genetic types, and the application of the coalbed gas geochemistry in evaluating target districts of the coalbed gas exploration.

关键词： coalbed gas geochemistry isotopic composition genetic type novel resource.

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Experimental study of ore gabbro liquid immiscibility

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第4期48卷 496-505页

作者： SANG Zunan1,2. XIA Bin1, ZHOU Yongsheng3 & JIN Zhenmin4.1. Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry, {2. Academy of sciences, Guangzhou 51064., china 2. Wuhan University, Wuhan 4.0072. china 3. institute of geology, china Seismological Bureau, beijing 10002., china 4. Faculty of Earth sciences, china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 4.0074. china Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Wuhan University Wuhan China institute of geology China Seismological Bureau Beijing China Faculty of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China

In this paper, the authors present the results of a preliminary experimental study on partial melting of fine-grained gabbro, Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, china. Experiments were conducted under (confining) pressure ranging from 4.0 to 500 MPa and temperature of 900— 12.0℃. The results show that the initial melt is distributed along grain boundaries and triple junctions. Liquid immiscibility phenomena are noted in the melt with two compositional different melt phases, i.e. matrix and sphere phases. The matrix phase is relatively rich in Si, Al and K, and is depleted in Mg, Fe, Ca, Na and Ti, whereas the sphere phase shows opposite trends. The calculation of the melt free energy indicates that the liquid immiscibility is governed by the rule of thermodynamics, as the liquid immiscibility would result in the decrease in free energy of the melt system. The field relationships suggest that the liquid immiscibility may have played an important role in the generation of ore magma of Panzhihua V-Ti magnetite ore deposit. This study thus provides experimental constraints on the mechanism of the formation of V-Ti magnetite deposite.

关键词： partial melting, experimental study, gabbro, liquid immiscibility, ore formation mechanism.

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Mineralization episode of porphyry copper deposits in the Jinshajiang-Red River mineralization belt: Re-Os dating

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第2期48卷 192-198页

作者： WANG Denghong, QU Wenjun, LI Zhiwei, YIN Hanlong4.& CHEN Yuchuan institute of Mineral Resources, {2. Academy of Geological sciences, beijing 100037,{4. National Center of Rock and Mineral Analysis, {2. Academy of Geological sciences, beijing 100037,{4. Resource Assessment Center of Yunnan, Kunming 650011,{4. institute of {12. and geophysics, {2. Academy of sciences, beijing 100101,{4. {2. Academy of Geological sciences, beijing 100037,{4. institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China National Center of Rock and Mineral Analysis Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China Resource Assessment Center of Yunnan Kunming China institute of geology and {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China chinese Academy of Geological sciences Beijing China

Re-Os isotopic dating for the molybdenites from the porphyry copper deposits of the Jinshajiang-Red River mineralization belt in Yunnan Province yields isochron ages of 33.9±1.1 Ma for the Machangqing deposit and 34.4.0.5 Ma for the Tongchang deposit. This result shows that both the Machangqing and the Tongchang porphyry Cu-Mo deposits from two different ore-fields formed simultaneously. This new data and the published Re-Os model ages of molybdenite (35.4.Ma, 35.9 Ma, 36.2.Ma) of the Yulong porphyry copper deposit in Tibet, which is located in the same Jinshajiang-Red River mineralization belt as the Machangqing deposit and the Tongchang deposit, suggest that these three Cenozoic porphyry copper deposits in the Jinshajiang-Red River mineralization belt were contemporary for their mineralization episode. That is to say, even their present locality is far away and nearly iso-distantly distributed, these three porphyry Cu(Mo) deposits belong to the same mineralization episode at the end of Eocene.

关键词： Re-Os isotopic dating, porphyry Cu deposits, Cenozoic, mineralization episode.

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Early-Middle Permian Reef Frameworks and Reef-building Models in the Eastern Kunlun Mountains

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2001年第2期75卷 115-125页

作者： TIAN Shugang institute of geology, {2. Academy of Geological sciences, {4. 100037and FAN Jiasong institute of geology and geophysics, {2. Academy of sciences, beijing 10002. chinese Acad Geol Sci Inst Geol Beijing 100037 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Inst Geol & Geophys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

Reef frameworks and building models of the Early-Middle Permian in the eastern Kunlun Mountains have been verified through studies of reef-building communities, palaeoecology and carbonate facies. The eastern Kunlun reefs are built mainly by 6 reef-building communities, which include 11 major categories of frame-building organisms and 6 categories of reef-associated organisms. Eight types of reef-frames have been distinguished and eleven kinds of rocks identified to belong to 6 reef facies. Three sorts of reefs classified by previous researchers, namely mudmounds, knoll reefs and walled reefs, are well developed in the study area. Such reef-facies association and reef distribution show that there are 4.models of reef growth and development, i.e. the tidal-bank knoll-reef model, the plateau-margin wall-reef model, the composite wall-reef model and the deep-water mudmound model. The reefs are mainly constructed by calcareous sponge and calcareous algae, which are similar to all Permian reefs in other area

关键词： reef model Early-Middle Permian eastern Kunlun reefs

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Origin of the Red Earth sequence on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and its implications for regional aridity since the middle Miocene

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第5期49卷 505-517页

作者： WANG Xianyan1,7, LU Huayu1,2, JI Junfeg3, WANG Xiaoyong1,7, ZHAO Jingbo4. HUANG Baochun5 & LI Zhen6 1. SKLLQG, institute of Earth Environment, chinese Academy of sciences, Xi’an 710075, china 2. Department of Urban and Resources sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, china 3. Department of Earth sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, china 4. Department of Geography, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, china 5. institute of geology and geophysics, chinese Academy of sciences,{14., china 6 Department of Geography, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, china 7. Graduate School of the chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100039, china SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China Graduate School of the chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China Department of Urban and Resources sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Earth sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Geography Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an China institute of geology and {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Geography Qinghai Normal University Xining China

The Red Earth deposit around Xining, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, has beenstudied in terms of soil micro-structure, grain-size distribution, major- and trace-elementchemistry and magne-tostratigraphy. Field investigations indicate that the Red Earth sequenceconsists of 2. visually definable yellow-brown and weakly-developed soils interbedded with reddishstrongly-developed soils, and has a similar structure to the aeolian Red Clay deposit on the chineseLoess Plateau. Grain-size analysis shows that the Red Earth deposit is very fine-grained with anegligible sand fraction ( > 63 μm). Thin-section observations under light microscopy show that thedeposit has a clayey texture and the coarse fraction ( > 10 μm) mainly consists of quartz,feldspar and micas. Pyroxene and hornblende were also observed. This mineralogical composition ofthe coarse fraction is similar to that of the Quaternary loess. In addition, all of the mineralgrains are semi angular semi-angular and are generally finer than 63 μm. There is a good agreementbetween the major and minor trace element chemistry of loess-soil units and the Red Earth *** REE distributions of the loess-soil and the Red Earth deposit are similar in shape, withenriched LREE and fairly flat HREE profiles and a clear negative Eu anomaly. The geochemicalcharacteristics of the Red Earth deposit are also identical to those of upper continental crust,thus indicating a wind-blown origin. Magnetostratigraphic investigation shows that onset of the RedEarth deposition predates 11.4.Ma BP (13.6 Ma at a nearby site). The distribution of the reportedMiocene aeolian loess at Qin''an of the Loess Plateau is still unknown. Our results indicate thatthis aeolian deposit had extended to the northeastern Tibetan Plateau by at least the middleMiocene. The similarity of the element geochemistry between the Red Earth deposit and the overlyingloess shows that they may have similar sources and dynamic transport system, and may indicate thatthe

关键词： Red Earth deposit, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, aeolian deposit, aridity of Asia, the middle Miocene.

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Quantitative assessment of the complexity of geological structures in terms of seismic propagators

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第1期53卷 54-63页

作者： FU LiYun Key Laboratory of the Earth’s Deep Interior,institute of geology and {2.,chinese Academy of {4.,beijing 10002.,china Key Laboratory of the Earth’s Deep Interior Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

How a wave interacts with heterogeneous media has been pursued by many *** complexity of subsurface heterogeneities is seismologically a relative concept to wavelengths of seismic waves.A growing perception is that velocity variations,propagation angles,and computational accuracies are closely related at a variety of scales.A tentative strategy to quantitatively evaluate the complexity of subsurface heterogeneous media is presented in this article to see what scales of geological heterogeneities to be captured by *** express complex subsurface structures as the slowness-and angularheterogeneity spectra to quantify velocity contrasts and dipping-angle distributions of complex geological *** the other hand,the scaling characteristics of a propagator are measured through dispersion analysis by its angular spectra plotted against refractive indexes and propagation angles,respectively.A parameter termed as imaging efficiency is introduced by associating the geological heterogeneity spectra with the propagator's angular spectra to understand the coherent interference between the medium's heterogeneity and the propagator's scaling ***,a complexity coefficient can be defined to evaluate geological complexities in terms of *** application of this strategy is demonstrated to the SEG/EAEG salt model.

关键词： geological heterogeneity spectra seismic imaging propagator’s angular spectra imaging efficiency complexity coefficient

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Searching for the remains of subducted continental slabs

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chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第5期45卷 385-386页

作者： LIU Guangdinginstitute of geology and {2., chinese Academy of {4., beijing 100101, china institute of geology and {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

On the basis of oceanic geological and geophysical observations the global plate tectonics theory wasput forward in the late 1960s. It inherited the essence of mobilism of continental drift and sea-floorspreading, caused a revolution of earth sciences in the twentieth century. But plate tectonics cannotsatisfactorily explain the complicated geological phenomena of continents, it fails in elucidating

关键词： Searching for the remains of subducted continental slabs der Nature

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Geochemical research on C-O and Sr-Nd isotopes of mantle-derived rocks from Shandong Province, china

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Science china Earth sciences 2004年第2期47卷 171-180页

作者： LIU Jianming, ZHANG Hongfu, SUN Jinggui & YE Jie1. institute of geology and {2., chinese Academy of {4., beijing 10002., china 2. School of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, china Correspondence should be addressed to Liu Jianming (email: jmliu@***) institute of geology and {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Earth Science Jilin University Changchun China

This paper presents systematic studies on the C-O and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions for Cretaceous Badou carbonatites, Fangcheng basalts, and Jiaodong lamprophyres and Paleozoic Mengyin kimberlites in Shandong Province, china. Paleozoic kimberlites have normal and uniform C-O isotopic compositions with δ13C and δ18O in the range of -4.8‰--7.6‰ and +9.9‰-+13.2., respectively. However, Cretaceous three different types of mantle-derived rocks have quite different C-O isotopic compositions, indicating that the mantle sources are probably partially contaminated with organic carbon-bearing crustal materials. These Cretaceous rocks show uniform and EMII-like Sr-Nd isotopic compositions and also indicate that the mantle sources were affected by recycled crustal materials. Comparative studies of C-O and Sr-Nd isotopes reveal that the lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern North china Craton had different isotope characteristics in the Paleozoic, the early Cretaceous, and the Tertiary time. This demonstrates that the lithospheric mantle beneath the region underwent at least twice reconstructions since the Paleozoic. Available data imply that the first reconstruction mainly happened during the Triassic-Jurassic time with gradual changes and the second in the Cretaceous with abrupt changes. Results also show that the early Cretaceous (especially at 12.-130 Ma) was perhaps the key period leading to the dramatic change of the Mesozoic geodynamics on the eastern North china Craton.

关键词： mantle-derived rocks, carbonate minerals, C-O isotope, Sr-Nd isotope, lithospheric mantle, Shandong.

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Carbon isotope ratios of C_(4. plants in loess areas of North china

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第1期49卷 97-102页

作者： WANG Guoan1,2.3, HAN Jiamao 2. ZHOU Liping3, XIONG Xiaogang4. TAN Ming2. WU Zhenhai5 & PENG Jun6 1. Department of Plant Nutrition, china Agricultural University, {2. 100094. china 2. institute of {4. and geophysics, chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 10002., china 3. College of Environmental sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, {2. 100871, china 4. institute of Botany, chinese Academy of sciences, {2. 100093, china 5. Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712.00, china 6. Network Center, china Agricultural University, {2. 100094. china Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural University Beijing China institute of geology and {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Environmental sciences MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Peking University Beijing China institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling China Network Center China Agricultural University Beijing China

Carbon isotope ratios (δ^(13)C) of 89 C_4.plant samples were determined fromthe loess area in North china. δ^(13)C values vary between -10.5per thousand and -14.6per thousandwith a mean of -12.6per thousand. Along a precipitation gradient from the semi-moist area to thesemiarid area, then to the arid area, the δ^(13)C values of C_4.plants show a slight decreasingtrend. The δ^(13)C values of C_4.plants in the dry season are found lower than those in the wetseason. These trends are opposite to those observed for C_3 species.

关键词： C4 plants, carbon isotope ratios, loess area.

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