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Models of Spatial Structures of Regional Multi-element geochemical Anomalies over Copper-Polymetallic Orefields

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2003年第1期77卷 72-80页

作者： SHI Changyi and ZHANG Jinhua china University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083 institute of geophysical and geochemical {4., langfang Hebei 065000 china Univ Geosci Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Inst Geophys & Geochem Explorat Langfang 065000 Hebei Peoples R China

Regional stream sediment surveys at a 1:200,000 scale reveal positive andnegative regional multi-element geochemical anomalies over medium to large copper-polymetallicorefields of different genetic types in china. Regional geochemical anomalies of orefield refer tothose geochemical anomalies that are related to metallogenesis of an orefield in a certain area. Theanomaly area is typically 10 to 100 km^2. The regional multi-element anomalies related tomineralization can be divided into three groups, that is, the ore-element anomaly association,indicator element anomaly association, and metallogenic environmental element anomaly *** common spatial distributions over ore deposits or orefields possess unique structures. Themodel of spatial structure of regional multi-element geochemical anomalies (RAGSS) of an orefielddelineates structural feature possessed by orderly spatial distributions of different groups ofmulti-element anomaly associations related to orefield metallogenesis. It is used to outline thecommon metallogenetic anomaly visage that is composed of the orderly spatial distribution ofdifferent groups of multi-element anomaly associations. The orderly spatial distribution ofmulti-element anomalies over an orefield reflects element distributions as they are changed from adispersed 'out-of-order' state into a concentrated 'orderly' state during the mineralization of anorefield. Three different patterns of the spatial anomaly structure related to mineralization in anorefield can be concluded: (1) nested pattern; (2) eccentric pattern and; (3) peripheral *** are marked differences between multi-element anomaly patterns related and not related tomineralization. RAGSS models of orefields can be used to better understand and evaluate regionalmulti-element anomalies and identify ore types.

关键词： orefield regional geochemical anomaly model anomaly structure RAGSSmodel

Unconventional geochemical exploration for Gold Deposits

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1996年第3期70卷 317-329页

作者： Wang Xueqiu and Xie Xuejin institute of geophysical and geochemical exploration, {4., Hebei institute of geophysical and geochemical exploration Langfang Hebei

Conventional geochemical exploration for gold deposits has not always been very satisfactory, especially for buried and blind ones. New considerations and methodology in sampling, analysis and interpretation have been developed in china during the past decade. Important considerations for unconventional gold exploration in this paper are that (1) gold is active in surface environments; (2) gold occurs not only as discrete grains, but also as ultrafine particles (submicron?to nanometer-sized particles of gold) and other complex forms; (3) regional low anomalies and superimposed anomalies over buried gold deposits are produced by ultrafine gold grains and other complex forms of gold. The methodology based on these considerations has been developed both in regional and in local geochemical exploration for gold. Examples of the preliminary application of these methods in two areas covered by transported overburden are given.

关键词： unconventional geochemical exploration for gold deposits theory and method application

geochemical characteristics and origin of gases from the Upper,Lower Paleozoic and the Mesozoic reservoirs in the Ordos Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 183-194页

作者： HU AnPing 1 ,Li Jian 2 ,ZHANG WenZheng 3 ,LI ZhiSheng 2 ,HOU Lu 4.&LIU QuanYou 5 1 Department of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,china 2 langfang Branch,Reasearch institute of Petroleum exploration and Development,Petrochina,langfang 065007,china 3 institute of exploration and Development,Petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710021,china 4.University of Petroleum,Beijing10224.,china 5 Petrochina Research institute of Petroleum exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,china Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China langfang Branch Reasearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang China institute of exploration and Development PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an China University of Petroleum Beijing China Petrochina Research institute of Petroleum exploration and Development Beijing China

The Ordos Basin,the second largest sedimentary basin in china,contains the broad distribution of natural gas *** far,several giant gas fields have been discovered in the Upper and Lower Paleozoic in this basin,each having over 1000×10 8 m 3 of proven gas reserves,and several gas pools have also been discovered in the *** paper collected the data of natural gases and elucidated the geochemical characteristics of gases from different reservoirs,and then discussed their *** hydrocarbons preserved in the Upper Paleozoic,the elevatedδ13C values of methane,ethane and propane indicate that the gases would be mainly coal-formed gases;the singular reversal in the stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes suggests the mixed gases from humic sources with different *** the Lower Paleozoic,theδ13C 1 values are mostly similar with those in the Upper Paleozoic,but theδ13C 2 andδ13C 3 values are slightly lighter,suggesting that the gases would be mixing of coal-type gases as a main member and oil-type *** are multiple reversals in carbon isotopes for gaseous alkanes,especially abnormal reversal for methane and ethane(i.e.δ13C 1 >δ13C 2 ),inferring that gases would be mixed between high-mature coal-formed gases and oil-type *** the Mesozoic,the δ13Cvalues for gaseous alkanes are enriched in 12C,indicating that the gases are mainly derived from sapropelic sources;the carbon isotopic reversal for propane and butane in the Mesozoic is caused by microbial oxidation and mixing of gases from sapropelic sources with different *** contrast to the Upper Paleozoic gases,the Mesozoic gases are characterized by heavier carbon isotopes of iso-butane than normal butane,which may be caused by gases generated from different kerogen types. Finally,according toδ13C 1 -Ro relationship and extremely low total organic carbon contents,the Low Paleozoic gases would not be generated from the Ordovician source as a main gas source,bycontrast, the Upper Pale

关键词： Ordos Basin natural gas chemical composition carbon isotope genesis

geochemical characteristics of pyrolysis gas from epimetamorphic rocks in the northern basement of Songliao Basin,Northeast china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 140-147页

作者： YANG Chun 1 ,LUO Xia 2 ,LI Jian 2 ,LI ZhiSheng 2 ,LIU QuanYou 3 &Wang YuLin 4.1 Department of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,china 2 Research institute of Petroleum exploration and Development(langfang Branch),langfang 065007,china 3 Research institute of Petroleum exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,china 4.Department of Source and Environment,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,china Research institute of Petroleum exploration and Development (langfang Branch)

The Xushen gas field,located in the north of Songliao Basin,is a potential giant gas area for china in the *** proved reserves have exceeded 1000×10 8 m 3 by the end of ***,the origin of natural gases from the deep strata is still in *** rocks as a potential gas source are widely spreading in the northern basement of Songliao *** to pyrolysis experiments for these rocks in the semi-confined system,gas production and geochemistry of alkane gases are discussed in this *** Carboniferous-Permian epimetamorphic rocks were heated from 300℃to 550℃,with temperature interval of 50℃.The gas production was quantified and measured for chemical and carbon isotopic *** show thatδ13C 1 is less than?20‰,carbon isotope trend of alkane gas isδ13C 1 δ13C 3 ,these features suggest that the gas would be coal-type gas at high-over maturity,not be inorganic gas with reversal trend of gaseous alkanes (δ13C 1 >δ13C 2 >δ13C 3 ).These characteristics of carbon isotopes are similar with the natural gas from the basin basement,but disagree with gas from the Xingcheng ***,the mixing gases from the pyrolysis gas with coal-typed gases at high-over maturity or oil-typed gases do not cause the reversal trend of carbon *** gas generation intensity for epimetamorphic rocks is 3.0×10 8 ―23.8×10 8 m 3 /km 2 ,corresponding to Ro from 2.0%to 3.5%for organic matter.

关键词： Northern Songliao Basin epimetamorphic rock pyrolysis experiment gas generation potential carbon isotope

Natural gas geochemistry and its origins in Kuqa depression

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 174-182页

作者： LIU QuanYou 1 ,QIN ShengFei 1 ,LI Jian 2 ,LIU WenHui 3 ,ZHANG DianWei 3 ,ZHOU QingHua 1 &HU AnPing 1 1 Research institute of Petroleum exploration and Development,Petrochina,Beijing 100083,china 2 {4. Branch of Research institute of Petroleum exploration and Development,Petrochina,{4. 065007,china 3 exploration and Production Research institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 100083,china Research institute of Petroleum exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing China langfang Branch of Research institute of Petroleum exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang China exploration and Production Research institute SINOPEC Beijing China

According to gas compositional and carbon isotopic measurement of 114.gas samples from the Kuqa depression,accumulation of the natural gases in the depression is dominated by hydrocarbon gases, with high gas dryness(C1/C1-4.at the middle and northern parts of the depression and low one towards east and west sides and southern *** carbon isotopes of methane and its homologues are relatively enriched in 13 C,and the distributive range ofδ13C 1 ,δ13C 2 andδ13C 3 is-32‰―-36‰,-22‰―-24.and-20‰―-22‰,*** general,the carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes become less negative with the increase of carbon ***δ13C CO2 value is less than-10‰in the Kuqa depression,indicating its organogenic *** distributive range of 3 He/ 4.He ratio is within n×10-8 and a decrease in 3 He/ 4.He ratio from north to south in the depression is *** on the geochemical parameters of natural gas above,natural gas in the Kuqa depression is of characteristics of coal-type gas *** possible reasons for the partial reversal of stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes involve the mixing of gases from one common source rock with different thermal maturity or from two separated source rock intervals of similar kerogen type,multistages accumulation of natural gas under high-temperature and over-pressure conditions,and sufficiency and diffusion of natural gas.

关键词： Kuqa depression natural gas stable carbon isotope gas origin

Gas formation mechanism of marine carbonate source rocks in china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 441-453页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi1, WANG Zhaoyun1, HE Haiqing2, ZHANG Mingjie3, WANG Hongjun1, WANG Yunpeng4.& QIN Yong5 1. Research institute of Petroleum exploration & Development, Petrochina, Beijing 100083, china 2. Petrochina exploration & Production, Beijing 100011, china 3. Department of Geology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, china 4. Guangzhou geochemical institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 51064., china 5. china University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, china Research institute of Petroleum exploration & Development PetroChinaBeijin China Petrochina exploration & Production Beijing China Department of Geology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Guangzhou geochemical institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China china University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou China

By breaking through the conventional ideology on the study of gas-formation mechanism of source rocks which focused on merely the characteristics of source rocks them- selves, and based on the development and distribution characteristics of marine carbonate source rocks in the medium-to-bottom parts of the Chinese superimposed sedimentary basins as well as various processes in the course of gas generation and reservoir forming, the complex hydrocarbon-generating model of carbonates is established. Such a model concerns not only the “three-stage” gas formation characteristics of carbonates, but also the gas generation process due to a thermal cracking of oil and the re-generation process of gas from heated secondary organic matters during the gas-generation and reservoir-forming course. The high-quality hy- drocarbon generating matter of marine carbonate source rocks determined a high gas-oil ratio and tended to form paleo-oil-reservoirs, representing an enrichment process of organic matters. The thermal cracking of oil in palaeo-oil-reservoirs is an important means for the effective forma- tion of gas reservoirs. The secondary organic matters in carbonate reservoirs may regenerate gas after a secondary deep burial, thus becoming an effective gas source.

关键词： carbonate, three-stage hydrocarbon generation, inhibitive effect of maturity, oil-cracking gas, second-ary asphalt gas.

Geoelectrical Structure of the Crust and Upper Mantle in the Qinling and Adjacent Regions

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Continental Dynamics 1999年第1期 70-77页

作者： LI Li, JIN Guoyuan, YANG Piyuan, LIU Yuhua institute of geophysical and geochemical exploration, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, {4., Hebei 065000, china ZHUO Xianjun Department of Petroleum exploration of Zhejiang Province, Yuha

Based on the results of 216 points of magnetotelluric sounding carried out in the Qinling and its adjacent region, we established a 3 D electrical structure model of the crust and upper mantle. The axes of electric resistivity anomalies are mainly east west trending at the depths of 30 km and 90 km, and nearly north south at the depth of 150 km. The low resistivity layers in the upper mantle (LRLIUM) of the North china massif are shallow and about 60 80 km deep. The Yangtze massif was a downwarping region of LRLIUM, which is generally deeper than 120 km. As a whole, the Qinling orogen is situated above the depth transition zone of LRLIUM. Within the zone there are some local uplifts and depressions. In the study area, there are a series of uplift zones of LRLIUM, which may be the passages of the upwelling mantle material. Endogenetic ore deposits since the Mesozoic are mostly distributed above the salient of LRLIUM or above its two sides where the gradient is steep. Molybdenum and wolfram deposits are distributed above the ridge of the salient of LRLIUM, and copper, lead, zinc and gold deposits are distributed above the gradient zones beside the salient of LRLIUM. Deposits are fewer above the depression of LRLIUM. So, the relationship between deposit distribution and LRLIUM’s shape can provide information for prognostication of endogenetic ore deposits.

关键词： Qinling orogen axis of electrical anomaly LRLIUM 3 D geoelectrical structure endogenetic ore de posits

Application of backflush and micro-flow techniques to the analysis of C5—C13 hydrocarbons in crude oils and its geochemical significance

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1382-1387页

作者： Wang Peirong1,2, Zhao Hong2,3, Xu Guanjun1,4. Zhu Cuishan2,3, Xiao Tingrong4. Zhang Min2,3 and Zhang Bin1,4.1. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry, china National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100083, china 2. Geochemistry Department of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 4.4.23, china 3. Key Laboratory of exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 4.4.23, china 4. Petroleum Geology Central Laboratory, Research institute of Petroleum exploration and Development, Petrochina, Beijing 100083, china) Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing 100083 China Geochemistry Department of Yangtze University Jingzhou 434023 China Key Laboratory of exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources Ministry of Education Yangtze University Jingzhou 434023 China Petroleum Geology Central Laboratory Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

An Agilent 6890N GC equipped with both FID and Agilent 5975 MSD analyzer has been employed to analyze C5—C13 hydrocarbon fractions of crude oils. A technical combination of program temperature volatilizer injection, backflush and micro-flow controller afforded a fine separation of C5—C13 compounds on a PONA column with the heavy part of crude oils being cut off before entering the analytical column. Both GC-FID chromatogram and GC-MS mass chromatograms (MID and full scan) could be obtained at the same time. The retension time differences of nC6—nC13 alkanes between GC and TIC were in the range of 0.02—0.58 minutes. Totally 286 peaks have been assigned group compositions. Results on 8 typical oil samples from CNPC Key Laboratory Crude Oil Library showed that the characteristics of C6—C13 hydrocarbon group composition could be used in oil-oil correlation studies.

关键词： GC analysis GC/MS analysis backflush micro-flow controller light fraction in crude oil

Propagation characteristics of converted refracted wave and its application in static correction of converted wave

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 226-232页

作者： LIU Yang1,2 & WEI XiuCheng3 1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china University of Petroleum,Beijing 10224.,china 2 CNPC geophysical exploration Key Laboratory,china University of Petroleum,Beijing 10224.,china 3 exploration and Production Research institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 100083,china State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China CNPC geophysical exploration Key Laboratory China University of Petroleum Beijing China exploration and Production Research institute SINOPEC Beijing China

Three-component seismic exploration through P-wave source and three-component geophone is an effective technique used in complicated reservoir exploration. In three-component seismic exploration data processing,one of the difficulties is static correction of converted wave. This paper analyzes propagation characteristics of non-converted and converted refracted waves,and discovers a favor-able condition for the formation of converted refracted wave,i.e. the velocity of overlaying medium S wave is much lower than that of underlying medium S wave. In addition,the paper proposes the static correction method of converted wave based on PPS converted refracted wave,and processes the real three-component seismic data with better results of static correction of converted wave.

关键词： PPS converted refracted wave converted wave static correction