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Early-Middle Permian Reef Frameworks and Reef-building Models in the Eastern Kunlun Mountains

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2001年第2期75卷 115-125页

作者： TIAN Shugang institute of geology, chinese academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037and FAN Jiasong institute of geology and geophysics, chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002. institute of geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 [?]3Tian Shugang Born in September 1951 graduated from Beijing University in 1977 and received his MS. and Ph. D. degrees at china University of Geosciences (Beijing) in 1985 and 1988 respectively working now in the institute of geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. He has long been engaged mainly in studies of biostratigraphy palaeoecology sequence-stratigraphy and reefs. Tel: 010–68328223 E-Mail: sgtian2001@***

Reef frameworks and building models of the Early-Middle Permian in the eastern Kunlun Mountains have been verified through studies of reef-building communities, palaeoecology and carbonate facies. The eastern Kunlun reefs are built mainly by 6 reef-building communities, which include 11 major categories of frame-building organisms and 6 categories of reef-associated organisms. Eight types of reef-frames have been distinguished and eleven kinds of rocks identified to belong to 6 reef facies. Three sorts of reefs classified by previous researchers, namely mudmounds, knoll reefs and walled reefs, are well developed in the study area. Such reef-facies association and reef distribution show that there are 4.models of reef growth and development, i.e. the tidal-bank knoll-reef model, the plateau-margin wall-reef model, the composite wall-reef model and the deep-water mudmound model. The reefs are mainly constructed by calcareous sponge and calcareous algae, which are similar to all Permian reefs in other area

关键词： reef model Early-Middle Permian eastern Kunlun reefs

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Characteristics of the Middle-Late Triassic sedimentary facies assemblages in the Songpan-Ruoergai area

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第3期17卷 305-313页

作者： YAN Zhen, YU Liangjun, LI Jiliang, BIAN Qiantao, WANG Zongqi and YANG Yongcheng ( institute of geology, chinese academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037,{4. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, institute of geology and geophysics, chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002.,{4. Shaanxi Insititute of geology Survey, Xianyang 712000,{4.) [a]institute of geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China [b]State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [c]Shaanxi Insititute of geology Survey Xianyang China

The Middle-Late Triassic sedimentary rocks in the Songpan-Ruoergai area mainly consist of calcareous siltstone, muddy limestone, lithic arkose, feldspathic litharenite, mudstone, wormkalk, oolithic limestone, and conglomerate. Except for limestone bed increasing eastward longitudinally and vertically, the calcareous component of the sandstones increases obviously. Abundant benthic and plant fossils and their clasts occur within these rocks. The sedimentary structures predominately contain flaser, parallel, tabular, wavy, and herringbone cross beddings. These data coevally imply that the Middle-Late Triassic sediments deposited in the fluvial, lake and tide environments. Additionally, the rocks display graded, parallel, hummocky beddings, and sandy lamination, a feature characteristic of storm deposits.

关键词： Middle-Upper Triassic fluvial-lake environments tide environment tempestite Songpan-Ruoergai

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Modeling the impact of Australian Plate drift on Southern Hemisphere climate and environment

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chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第14期50卷 1495-1502页

作者： ZHOU Botao1,5, ZHAO Ping2, JIAN Zhimin3 & HE Jinhai4.1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Center, institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002.,{4. 2. institute of Climate and Environment, chinese academy of Meteoro- logical Sciences, Beijing 100081,{4. 3. Laboratory of Marine geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092,{4. 4. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing institute of Meteorol- ogy, Nanjing 21004.,{4. 5. Graduate School of the chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039,{4. Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate School of the chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China institute of Climate and Environment Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Laboratory of Marine geology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing 210044 China

Using a global atmosphere-ocean coupled model with the present-day and 14.MaB.P. oceanic topogra- phy respectively, two experiments are implemented to inves- tigate the effect of different locations of Australian Plate on the atmospheric circulation in middle-high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. The results show that when Austra- lian Plate lay south at 14.MaB.P., both anticyclone circula- tions in the subtropical oceans and cyclone circulation around 60°-70°S are strengthened. Subtropical highs and circumpolar low pressure appear stronger, which results in much stronger Antarctic Oscillation and shorter period of Antarctic Oscillation Index (AOI) at 14.MaB.P. The rainfall and the surface air temperature also change correspondingly. The precipitation decreases around 4.°S and increases around 60°-70°S, and the surface air temperature rises in high latitudes of the South Pacific and descends over the Weddell Sea and its north side. Besides, due to the changes of the temperatures and winds, Antarctic sea ice coverage also changes with its increasing in the Ross Sea and its west re- gions and decreasing in the Weddell Sea.

关键词：半球气候地球环球澳大利亚漂流物海洋地形学

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The features of gravity field and deep structure in western part of the South Yellow Sea

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chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第8期45卷 759-764页

作者： WANG Qianshen1 & AN Yulin1. institute of geophysics, chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101,{4. 2. chinese University of geology, Beijing 100083,{4. institute of geophysics Chinesc Academy of Sciences Beijing China chinese University of geology Beijing China

The gravity data from the sea region to the west of 124. E of the South Yellow Sea have been processed and the feature of gravity fields analyzed. An experience relationship formula on the filter wavelength and corresponding depth has been put forward. Combined with the geological and seismic data, the deep tectonic framework and structural characters as well as possible favourable prospecting district for hydrocarbon in the South Yellow Sea have been discussed and analyzed.

关键词： western part of the South Yellow Sea gravity field deep structure.

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Progress and review of the studies on the end-Triassic mass extinction event

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2049-2060页

作者： DENG Shenghui1,2, LU Yuanzheng1,2,3 & XU Daoyi4.1. Research institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, china 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of Petrochina, Beijing 100083, china 3. china University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, china 4. institute of geology, china Earthquake Administration, Beijing 10002., china 1. Research institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development 100083 Beijing China 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of Petrochina 100083 Beijing China 3. china University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 4. institute of geology China Earthquake Administration 100029 Beijing China

The mass extinction at the end-Triassic is one of the five biggest in the Phanerozoic. However,it is the least well understood among these five events, and only till last decade it became a great academic interesting subject to geologists. The evidences for this event come obviously from bivalves, brachiopods, ammonites, corals, radiolaria, ostracods and foraminifera of marine habitats, and plants and tetrapods of terrestrial realm. By contrast, for some of other groups, such as marine gastropods and marine vertebrates, no mass extinction has been recog-nized yet. The extinction event is strongly marked at specific level but shown a complicated situa-tion at generic and family levels. Dramatic changing of the environment, such as the temperature raise due to the greenhouse effect, the marine anoxic habitats caused by a sudden transgression after the regression at the end of Triassic, has been claimed to be the main cause of the extinction. Many hypotheses have been suggested to demonstrate the mechanisms of the environment changing, among which two popular ones are the bolide impact and volcanic eruption. The Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary mass extinction event is still poorly understood because no enough data have been obtained from the Tr-J boundary successional sections of both marine and terrestrial sediments, and most of these studies were regionally restricted. The basic aspects of the event and its associated environmental conditions remain poorly characterized and the causal mechanism or mechanisms are equivocal. Some authors even doubt its occurrence. china has many successionally developed terrestrial and marine Tr-J sections. Detailed studies of these sections may be important and significant for well understanding of the event.

关键词： progress, review, end-Triassic, mass extinction, mechanism, Tr-J boundary.

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Geophysical survey on the tectonic and sediment distribution of Qinghai Lake basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第8期49卷 851-861页

作者： AN Zhisheng1, WANG Ping2, SHEN Ji3, ZHANG Yixiang2, ZHANG Peizhen4. WANG Sumin3, LI Xiaoqiang1, SUN Qianli1, SONG Yougui1, AI Li1, ZHANG Yechun2, JIANG Shaoren2, LIU Xingqi3 & WANG Yong31. institute of Earth Environment, chinese academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710075, china 2. South china Sea institute of Oceanology, CAS, Guangzhou 510301, china 3. Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS, Nanjing 210008, china 4. institute of geology, china Earthquake Administration, Beijing 10002., china 1. institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Xi’an 710075 China 2. South china Sea institute of Oceanology CAS Guangzhou 510301 China 3. Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology CAS Nanjing 210008 China 4. institute of geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The intensive geophysical survey of Qinghai Lake reveals the buried depth of lake sediments and their distribution features. The result indicates that there are three important inter- phases of Qinghai Lake sediments: T1 is the rife interphase of the lake, above which sediments are spread all over the lake basin with roughly the same thickness; T5 is the interphase from which the neotectonic sedimentary cycle begins, and its above sedimentary environment is relatively stable; Tg is the base of the lake basin. Five west-northwest (WNW) fault belts defined the tectonic structure of Qinghai Lake basin: the central hunch around Haixin Shan with two subbasins both in its north and south. The thickness of the lake sediments varies at different places, the thickest sediments are found within the two subbasins. According to the depth that the Sparker System can reach, sediment in the northern subbasin is deeper than 560 m, while sediment in the southern subbasin is deeper than 700 m. The correlation between the seismic sequence stratigraph and the lithology of onshore core shows that Qinghai Lake sediments consist of muddy silt, clay silt, silty clay, gravel silty clay, etc.

关键词： sediment, geophysical survey, Qinghai Lake.

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^(4.)Ar/^(39)Ar chronology and geochemistry of high-K volcanic rocks in the Mangkang basin, Tibet

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第1期48卷 1-12页

作者： ZHANG Huihua, HE Huaiyu, WANG Jianghai & XIE Guanghong Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry, chinese academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 51064., china institute of geology and geophysics, chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., china College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, china 1. chinese academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry 510640 Guangzhou China 2. chinese academy of Sciences Institute of Geology and Geophysics 100029 Beijing China 3. College of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 Guangzhou China

Our two newly obtained high-quality 4.Ar/39Ar ages suggest that the high-K volcanic rocks of the Lawuxiang Formation in the Mangkang basin, Tibet were formed at 33.5 ( 0.2 Ma. The tracing of elemental and Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic geochemistry indicates that they were derived from an EM2 enriched mantle in continental subduction caused by transpression. Their evidently negative anomalies in HFSEs such as Nb and Ta make clear that there is an input of continental material into the mantle source. The high-K rocks at 33.5 ( 0.2 Ma in the Mangkang basin may temporally, spatially and compositionally compare with the early one of two-pulse high-K rocks in eastern Tibet distinguished by Wang J. H. Et al., implying that they were formed in the same tectonic setting.

关键词： Cenozoic high-K volcanic rocks, 4.Ar/39Ar chronology, Mangkang basin, Tibet.

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Biomass estimation and uncertainty analysis based on CBERS-02 CCD camera data and field measurement

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 116-128页

作者： CHEN Liangfu1,2, GAO Yanhua1,3, CHENG Yu1,3, WEI Zheng1,3, XIAO Qing1,4. LIU Qinhuo1, YU Tao1, LIU Qijing5, GU Xingfa1 & TIAN Guoliang1 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, institute of Remote Sensing Applications, chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 2. Geography and Environment College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330027, china 3. Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, china 4. Beijing Research institute of Uranium geology, Beijing 100875, china 5. institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. Geography and Environment College Jiangxi Normal University 330027 Nanchang China 3. Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 4. Beijing Research institute of Uranium geology 100875 Beijing China 5. institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China

The study site is located in Qianyanzhou experimental station and the surrounding area. Based on CBERS-02 satellite data and field measurement, we not only discussed the relationship between NDVI and biomass of two species of coniferous plantations, namely, Pinus massoniana Lamb and Pinus elliottii Engelm, but also introduced the biomass models based on NDVI. The comparison between measured biomass in Qianyanzhou and biomass derived from CBERS-02 CCD data showed that it is feasible to estimate biomass based on NDVI. But its limitations cannot be ignored. This kind of model depends on the dominant vegetation species. There are some effect factors in estimating biomass based on NDVI. This paper analyzes these factors based on fine-resolution CBERS-02 CCD data and some conclusions are drawn: In Qianyanzhou, the area with good vegetation coverage, the nonlinearity of NDVI has little influence on scaling-up of NDVI. As a result of surface heterogeneity, scaling-up can cause NDVI within each pixel to change. Because scaling-up can cause pixel attribute to change, the applicability of biomass model is one of the sources of error in estimating biomass.

关键词： NDVI biomass scaling effect scaling-up.

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Distributions of fatty acids in a stalagmite related to paleoclimate change at Qingjiang in Hubei,southern china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1463-1469页

作者： XIE Shucheng1,HUANG Junhua1,WANG Hongmei2,YI Yi1,HU Chaoyong1, CAI Yanjun3 & CHENG Hai4.1. Faculty of Earth Science,china University of Geosciences,Wuhan 4.0074.china 2. School of Environmental Studies,china University of Geosciences,Wuhan 4.0074.china 3. SKLLQG,{4. of Earth Environment,chinese academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710075,china 4. Department of geology and geophysics,University of Minnesota,MN554.5,USA 1. Faculty of Earth Science China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 2. School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 3. SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences 710075 Xi’an China 4. Department of geology and geophysics University of Minnesota 55455 MN USA

Fatty acids extracted from a subtropical stalagmite at Qingjiang in Southern china’s Hubei Province were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These n-alkanoic acids range from C14.to C26 in carbon number, maximizing at C16, with a second dominance at C22. In contrast to the stalagmite analysed, the overlying soils are characterized by the dominance of heavy-molecular-weight homologues (>C20). The n-fatty acids in the stalagmite were proposed to be contributed by both the soil ecosystems and the microbes harboring in the percolating water and the cave. The ratios of unsaturated to saturated n-fatty acids (C16:1i/C16:0, C18:1/C18:0) appear to show trends comparable with the oxygen isotope records of the stalagmite carbonate, with enhanced values associated with the cold episode such as Heinrich event 1. This paleoclimate-dependent record of the n-fatty acids might reflect microbial changes in physiology and activity in response to the temperature. This record shows somewhat difference from the previous paleoclimate signal extracted from n-alkanols and n-alkan-2-ones of the same stalagmite. The acid record fails to document the well-known Younger Dryas event which was effectively shown by the latter two biomarkers derived from soil ecosystems. This discrepancy might result from the changing biogeochemical impact on different lipid fractions as well as the varied organism populations in different ecosystems.

关键词： biomarker, ecosystem, microbe, speleothem, paleoclimate, Quaternary.

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Pentacyclic triterpenoid ketones in peat from Gannan Marsh,china

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chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第17期46卷 1433-1436页

作者： DUAN YiLanzhou institute of geology, chinese academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000,{4. Lanzhou institute of geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China

Abundant terrigenous triterpenoid ketones and a series of hopanoid ketones were detected in a peat sample from the recent Gannan Marsh. The identifications of pen-tacyclic triterpenoid ketones are discussed in detail. Based on the compositional features of pentacyclic triterpenoid ketones in the sample, it is proposed that terrigenous triterpenoid kentones originate directly from organisms or are diagenetic oxidation products of their alcohols, and hopanoid ketones are formed from hopanoids (e.g. hopanoid alcohols and hopenes) by chemical and biochemical processes. These data provide evidence for the applied studies of pentacyclic triterpenoid ketones as biomarker compounds.

关键词： Gannan Marsh peat pentacyclic triterpenoid ketones identification biochemistry.

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