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储层裂缝发育程度的判别准则

石油学报 2004年第4期25卷 33-37页

作者：张流周永胜中国地震局地质研究所北京100029

实验研究表明 ,变形导致的岩石微破裂会使岩石产生扩容 (体积膨胀 )和非线性变形。当差应力达到岩石的屈服应力时 ,扩容和非线性应变开始。此外 ,随应力水平的增加 ,扩容和非线性变形呈幂函数形式增加。在围压低时 ,最大扩容量呈上升趋... 详细信息

实验研究表明 ,变形导致的岩石微破裂会使岩石产生扩容 (体积膨胀 )和非线性变形。当差应力达到岩石的屈服应力时 ,扩容和非线性应变开始。此外 ,随应力水平的增加 ,扩容和非线性变形呈幂函数形式增加。在围压低时 ,最大扩容量呈上升趋势 ,围压较高时呈下降趋势 ;非线性应变量随围压的增加而呈单调增加。这一结果可作为评价裂缝型油气藏裂缝发育密集程度的一种判别准则。与以往用破裂准则、应力和应变能大小等评价裂缝发育程度的方法相比 ,它更真实地反映了裂缝形成、扩展直至饱和阶段与应力的对应关系。扩容和非线性变形之间的差异在于扩容更偏重于张性裂缝 ,非线性变形更偏重于剪切裂缝。

关键词：裂缝型油气藏微裂缝发育程度判别准则扩容非线性应变实验研究

Geomorphologic evidence of phased uplift of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since 14.million years ago

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第9期47卷 822-833页

作者： LU Huayu1, WANG Xiaoyong1, AN Zhisheng1, MIAO Xiaodong1, ZHU Rixiang3, MA Haizhou2, LI Zhen4. TAN Hongbing2 & WANG Xianyan1 1. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075 china 2. Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Xining 810008, china 3. institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 4. Department of Geography, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, china State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining China Department of Geography Qinghai Normal University Xining China

A typical sequence of fluvial terraces and aeolian deposits overlying these ter- races were multidisciplinary investigated. New evidences for uplift process of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the past 14.million years were obtained. At least 11 river terraces along Huangshui, the first-class tributary of Yellow River, at the Xining-Huzhu region are identi- fied. While the first one (T1) is classified as an accumulation terrace, the others are all basement river terraces, which consist of the Tertiary sandstone and siltstone bedrock, fluvial gravel and pebbles and the overlying aeolian loess-Red Clay deposit. Samples from the aeolian deposits were examined for paleomagnetic stratigraphic reconstruction (1030 samples), luminescence dating (16 samples), magnetic susceptibility and grain-size distribution (more than 4.00 sam- ples). The luminescence dating and stratigraphic correlation suggest that terraces of Tll, T10, T8, T7, T3, T2, T1 were formed at 14. 11.3, 1.55, 1.2, 0.15, 0.07 and 0.01 million years ago, re- spectively. Sedimentological analysis and geomorphological observation indicate that formation and evolution of these terraces were mainly driven by tectonic uplift. Therefore, the terrace se- quence provides an ideal geological record, of the uplift process of the northeastern during the past 14.million years, and the timings of the terraces formation are regarded as the timings of tectonic uplift. The significant uplifting events took place at 14. 11.3, 1.2 and 0.15 mil- lion years ago, respectively. The fluvial incision at the Xining-Huzhu region is less than 100 m during a period of ~12 million years in the Miocene era (between the Tll and T9), while the Huangshui River had incised 4.2 m during the past 1.2 million years (from T7 to the present floodplain). The river incision process clearly demonstrates that accelerated rising of the north- eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the late Cenozoic, and provides new evidence of previous thoughts

关键词： river terrace, tectonic uplift, loess-Red Clay, the past 14 million years, northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Synergetic-bifurcated prediction model of slope occurrence and its application

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2003年第Z1期46卷 69-77页

作者： HUANG Zhiquan & WANG Sijing North china institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Zhengzhou 4.0008, china institute of Geology & Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,{4., china N china Inst Water Conservancy & Hydroelect Power Zhengzhou 450008 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geol & Geophys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

Landslide prediction is one of the most important aspects of prevention and control for geological hazards and the environmental protection. In order to study the nonlinear methods for landslide prediction, the synergetic-bifurcated model of predicting the timing of slope failure is established by combining Synergetics with Bifurcation Theory based on single-state variable friction law in this paper. The synergetic effects and bifurcated process of the factors in the slope evolution can be characterized in the model. Taking the Xintan Landslide as an example, the prediction of landslide is carried out based on the model suggested.

关键词： friction law, landslide, synergetic-bifurcated model, time prediction.

Earthquake-Affected Time-Space Domain, Recurrence Interval and Effective Preparation Time of Earthquakes

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Earthquake Research in china 2002年第4期16卷 380-395页

作者： Wang Shengzu and Zhang Zongchuninstitute of Geology & Laboratory of Tectonophysics, china seismological bureau, beijing 100029, china institute of Geology & Laboratory of Tectonophysics China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100029 China

The study shows that earthquake-affected time-space domain (ETSD), i.e. a time-space range in which strong earthquakes are unable to occur owing to the influence of a prior earthquake occurring, shows a hyperbolic margin curve in the t(time)-r(distance) coordinate plane, which has a maximum affected radius r 0 at t=0 and a maximum influence time t 0 (i.e. the in-situ recurrence interval of earthquakes) at r=0. Based on the time-distance distributions of posterior earthquakes relative to prior ones in the regions of North china, Northwest china, Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) plateau and Southwest china, the optimized and 90%-confidence margin curves are estimated using optimization and statistical analysis methods. This indicates that the concept and method of ETSD with 3-dimension (time-distance-magnitudes) instead of those of “recurrence interval" with 1-dimension (time) or 2-dimension (time-magnitude) provides a new approach to understanding the fluctuation of seismic activities, estimating the effective earthquake-preparation time of potential hypocenters, and therefore improving the medium- and long-term prediction of strong earthquakes.

关键词： Earthquake-affected time-space domain Recurrence interval Affected radius Effective earthquake-preparation time

The Crustal Structure and Seismic Activity in North china

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1989年第4期63卷 343-359,448-449页

作者： Feng Rui institute of Geophysics, State seismological bureau, beijing Huang Guifang, Zheng Shuzhen, Wang Jun, Yan Huifen Geophysical Prospecting Party, State seismological bureau, Zhengzhou, Henan and Zhang Ruoshui seismological Technique College, State seismological bureau, Yanjiao,Hebei institute of Geophysics State Seismological Bureau Beijing China

A layered crustal block model of North china has been constructed based on large amount of data from seismic sounding carried out in recent two decades. Some deep fault zones, such as the *** and Tancheng-Lujiang fault zones, divide the upper crust of North china into three upper crustal terranes and nine bolcks. There are distinct differences in velocity and depth distributions, which reflects Cenozoic block faulting in North china in the process of formation of the deep structure. The upper crust shows the features of transition in isostatic adjustment. The existence of a low-velocity layer in the middle crust is characteristic of the crustal structure in North china. There seems to be an increase of rheology of the rocks in the lower crust and a persistence of stable regional stress field. The patterns of the Moho on two sides of the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains are different. The relief of the Moho around {4., Shijiazhuang and Guangrao where the deep faults join together shows a quadrantal distribution in some degree. The dynamic sources for seismic activity are the NE-SW horizontal compression and the diapirism of the upper mantle. The middle and upper crust, especially the layered block structure has the most significant effects on seismicity, and the occurrence of earthquakes is more closely related to them than to the Moho.

关键词： The Crustal Structure and Seismic Activity in North china Activity

Shenzhousia qilianshanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Protodonata, Meganeuridae), a giant dragonfly from the Upper Carboniferous of china

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第3期16卷 328-330页

作者： ZHANG Zhijun, HONG Youchong, LU Liwu, FANG Xiaosi and JIN Yuegao (Department of Palaeontology, the geological Museum of china, beijing 100034. china beijing Museum of Natural History, beijing 100050, china) Department of Palaeontology the geological Museum of china Beijing 100034 China beijing Museum of Natural History Beijing 100050 China

A new dragonfly of family Meganeuridae Shenzhousia qilianshanensis gen. et sp. nov., discovered from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in North china, is described in the present paper. It has an estimated wingspan of about 4.0-500mm and may be the largest fossil insect in Late Carboniferous Namurian Stage discovered by far. The new species is referred to Meganeuridae because of the presence of the characteristic oblique vein between anterior branch of radius (RA) and posterior branch of radius (RP) near the base of RP2. It differs from other genera within the family in the following characteristics: Precostal area short and not extending to the midwing; posterior branch of subcostal vein short, merging into costal vein near the level of originating point of IR2; RP forking earlier than anterior branch of media basally; RP1+2 and RP3+4.parallel and close to each other for a long distance, and then diverge gradually surpass midwing.

关键词： Namurian Meganeuridae Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Upper Carboniferous Tupo Formation.

A finite difference study on the basement structure beneath the Tianshan Orogen

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第Z2期47卷 16-23页

作者： ZHAO Junmeng1,2, WANG Qingchen3, GAO Xing1, DUAN Yonghong4. JIA Shixu4.& PAN Shuzhen4.1. institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100085, china 2. institute of Geology,{4., beijing 100029, china 3. institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 4. Geophysical Exploration Center,{4., Zhenzhou 4.0002, china institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China institute of Geology China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100029 China institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Geophysical Exploration Center China Seismological Bureau Zhenzhou 450002 China

We use the Pg seismic phase along the Korla-Jimsar profile across the Tianshan orogen and the 3D finite difference method to inverse the velocity structure of the upper crust beneath the basement of this mountain. Based on the velocity structure, the Korla-Jimsar profile can be divided into three parts, i.e. the north edge of the Tarim basin, the Tianshan orogen, and the south margin of the Junggar basin. Within the Tianshan there is a pattern of four convexities and three concavities, which correspond to the southern Tianshan, the Yanqi basin, the middle Tianshan, the Turpan basin, and the Bogda Mountains. In the north edge of the Tarim basin, the basement is about 10km deep with small lateral variations of velocity. In the Tianshan the velocity varies greatly laterally. The basement depth of the Yanqi basin is 6 km, which becomes shallow rapidly northward, and almost to the surface at the middle Tianshan. South to Kumux there is a small intermountain basin, where the maximum basement depth is 3 km, and also turns very shallow near Kumux. The Luntai fault, which bounds the Tarim basin and Tianshan, has vertical dislocation of about 5 km. The Turpan basin is covered with so thick a sediment that its basement is 7 km deep. The boundary fault between the Tianshan and Turpan is the Bolohoro fault which is characterized by quick deepening basement and 7 km vertical dislocation. In the Junggar basin the basement is 8 km deep. On the Korla-Jimsar profile, the velocity distribution of the upper crust and the structure are featured by NS symmetry on both sides of the axis of the Middle Tianshan, consistent with the deep structure revealed by this profile. It means that the Tarim ba-sin and the Junggar basin underthrust toward the Tianshan from south and north, respectively. Such a structural style is different from that of another profile, i.e. the Xayar-Burjing profile, sug-gesting that there may be an important tectonic boundary between these two profiles.

关键词： finite difference, Tianshan orogen, structure of the upper crust.

Megaclasts from the Carboniferous-Permian Rocks in the Langkawi Islands, Malaysia, and Their Implications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1999年第1期73卷 120-122页

作者： Chen Tingyu institute of Geology 26 Baiwanzhuang Road,Chinese Academy of geological Sciences, beijing 100037,china Chinese Acad Geol Sci Inst Geol Beijing 100037 Peoples R China

The Ninth Regional Congress on Geology, Mineral andEnergy Resources of Southeast Asia was held in KualaLumpur of Malaysia in August of 1998. After the Con-gress, the author participated in the geological fieldexcursion and investigation in the Langkawi Islands,and noted that the Carboniferous-Permian rocks con-tain megaclasts of metamorphic and pegmatitic rocks,which indicate the existence of pre-Carboniferousmetamorphism and magmatism. The observation resultsare as follows:

关键词： Malaysia and Their Implications Megaclasts from the Carboniferous-Permian Rocks in the Langkawi Islands

Reinterpretation of the Guangxian Orogeny

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第13期45卷 1244-1248页

作者： WU Haoruoinstitute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The Guangxian Orogeny, as an important concept on geology of South china, was created 70 years ago. It is generally regarded as an erogenic movement caused by the convergence of the Cathaysian and Yangtze blocks at the end of Silurian. Based on the recent progress of the geological research on Guangxi and adjacent areas, western Guangxi and Liuzhou-Heshan area of central Guangxi may belong to a stable block of Early Paleozoic. The Guangxian Orogeny originated from the northward translation of the Yunkai Block on its south at the end of Cambrian, and formed the Damingshan-Dayaoshan fold belt between the two blocks. It was possibly related with the Late Pan-African Orogeny. The convergence of the Cathaysian and Yangtze blocks occurred in Late Ordovician to Early Silurian and mainly had effect on Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The term 'Chongyu Orogeny' may be suitable for it. At the end of Silurian orogenic movement did not occur in this area.

关键词： South china tectonics Paleozoic Guangxian Orogeny Yunan Orogeny Chongyu Orogeny.