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Modeling the impact of Australian Plate drift on Southern Hemisphere climate and environment

Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第14期50卷 1495-1502页

作者： ZHOU Botao1,5, ZHAO Ping2, JIAN Zhimin3 & HE Jinhai4.1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Center, institute of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, china 2. institute of Climate and Environment, Chinese Academy of Meteoro- logical sciences, Beijing 100081, china 3. Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, china 4. department of atmospheric sciences, nanjing institute of meteorol- ogy, nanjing 210044, china 5. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, china Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China institute of Climate and Environment Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China department of atmospheric sciences Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing 210044 China

Using a global atmosphere-ocean coupled model with the present-day and 14.MaB.P. oceanic topogra- phy respectively, two experiments are implemented to inves- tigate the effect of different locations of Australian Plate on the atmospheric circulation in middle-high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. The results show that when Austra- lian Plate lay south at 14.MaB.P., both anticyclone circula- tions in the subtropical oceans and cyclone circulation around 60°-70°S are strengthened. Subtropical highs and circumpolar low pressure appear stronger, which results in much stronger Antarctic Oscillation and shorter period of Antarctic Oscillation Index (AOI) at 14.MaB.P. The rainfall and the surface air temperature also change correspondingly. The precipitation decreases around 4.°S and increases around 60°-70°S, and the surface air temperature rises in high latitudes of the South Pacific and descends over the Weddell Sea and its north side. Besides, due to the changes of the temperatures and winds, Antarctic sea ice coverage also changes with its increasing in the Ross Sea and its west re- gions and decreasing in the Weddell Sea.

关键词：半球气候地球环球澳大利亚漂流物海洋地形学

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Annual precipitation fields secular variation over global land areas for 194.—2000

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第3期48卷 281-286页

作者： SHI Neng & CHEN Luweng department of atmospheric sciences, nanjing {4. of meteorology, nanjing 210044, china department of atmospheric sciences Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing 210044 China

The secular variation over the global land an-nual precipitation (GLAP) fields for 194.—2000 is investi-gated. Evidence suggests that the GLAP abruptly reduced around 1978 and experienced a decrease of 0.54.mm/a, on average. Fuzzy clustering is used to group the annual pre-cipitation over commonly-used 36 latitudes belts into six belts for examining its secular variation. The results show that, except northern high-latitudes (60°—90°N) where it is slightly increased, the precipitation is decreased, especially in 35°N—35°S, and the diminution is the maximum of 0.98 mm/a at tropics. Moreover, identification of 194.—2000 flood/drought years on a global basis is made, showing no-ticeable interdecadal variations. During the years of warm (cold) events the precipitation decreases (increases) by 15.4.mm (14.4.mm) per year, on average. It can be assumed that global warming and frequent ENSO occurrences from the end of the 1970s maybe serve as the root cause of the dimi-nution.

关键词：全球降水长期变化年降水 ENSO 陆地 194.-2000年

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The effects of different sea surface temperature distributions over the western Pacific on the summer monsoon properties

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1993年第4期12卷 535-547页

作者： Qian Yongfu department of atmospheric sciences, nanjing University, nanjing 210008, china Dept. of atmospheric sciences Nanjing Univ. Nanjing 21008 China. China

A modified and improved primitive equation numerical model with p-sigma incorporated vertical coordinates is used to simulate the effects of different sea surface temperature distributions over the western Pacific on the summer monsoon properties. The different sea surface temperature (SST) distributions are automatically generated in the time integrations by using two different SST models, one of which is called the deep ocean model (DOM) and the other the shallow ocean model (SOM). The SST generated by the DOM has the distribution pattern of the initial SST which is similar to the pattern in the cold water years over the western Pacific, while the SST generated by the SOM has the pattern similar to that in the warm water years. The differences between the experimental results by using DOM and SOM are analyzed in detail. The analyses indicate that the most basic and important characteristics of the summer monsoon climate can be simulated successfully in both experiments, that means the climatic properties in the monsoonal climate regions are mainly determined by the seasonal heating, the contrast between the land and the sea, the topography, and the physical properties of the underlying surfaces. However, the differences between the two experiments tell us that the climatic properties in the summer monsoon regions in the cold water year and the warm water year do differ from each other in details. In the warm water year, the thermal contrast between the land and the sea becomes weaker. Over the warm water area, the upward motions are induced and the dynamical conditions favorable for the convective activities are formed, the Somali low-level cross equatorial current is somewhat weakened, while the cross equatorial currents, east of 90°E, are strongly strengthened, the precipitation amount in the tropical regions largely increases, and the precipitation over the coastal regions increases, too. However the precipitation over the southeast china and its coastal area d

关键词： Sea surface temperature anomaly monsoon climate modelling computational models of SST

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Numerical study of rapid cyclogenesis over sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1989年第1期8卷 51-62页

作者： Du Jun and Yu Zhihao department of atmospheric sciences, nanjing University, nanjing, china Dept. of atmospheric sciences Nanjing Univ Nanjing China. China

A five-layer primitive equation model was used in the study of rapid cyclogenesis over sea. The numerical simulations show that'the Tibetan Plateau, large-scale baroclinicity and heat flux from the sea surface are the three important agents to produce cyclonic vorticity along the east coast of china. The diagnostic computation of a 24.h control simulation indicates that the nonlinear vorticity advec-tion, baroclinicity and diabatic heating are also responsible for the development of the extratropical cyclones over seas.

关键词： Numerical study of rapid cyclogenesis over sea over

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Numerical simulation of influence of the anomalies of theCentral-eastern Equatorial Pacific SST and Arctic seaice cover in summer on the atmospheric circulation

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1992年第3期11卷 401-411页

作者： Yang Xiuqun and Huang Shisong department of atmospheric sciences, nanjing University, nanjing 210008, china

A series of numerical experiments have been conducted with a perpetual July, nine-level general circulation spectral model to determine the effect of variation of the Arctic sea ice cover extent and the joint effect of anomalies of both the Arctic sea ice cover and the Central-eastern Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature on the summer general circulation. Results show that the two factors,anomalously large extent of the Arctic sea ice cover and anomalously warm sea surface temperature over the Central-eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean, play substantially the equal role in the effect on the summer general circulation, and either of them can notably induce the atmospheric anomalies. The main dynamical processes determining the effect of the Arctic sea ice and the equatorial SST anomalies are associated with two leading teleconnection patterns, i. e. the Asia North/American and Eurasian patterns observed in atmosphere. The results presented in this paper again prove that the general circulation is fundamentally motivated by the non-uniform heating between the equator and the pole on the rotating earth.

关键词： Numerical simulation of influence of the anomalies of theCentral-eastern Equatorial Pacific SST and Arctic seaice cover in summer on the atmospheric circulation SST

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Numerical simulation of Meiyu front and the diagnosis of moist vorticity vector

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1341-1347页

作者： Ping Fan1,2 and Luo Zhexian2(1. institute of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, china 2. {4. University of Information sciences & Technology, nanjing 210044, china) institute of atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 Chin

Moist vorticity vector is introduced to study the development and evolution of mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) in the Meiyu front precipitation with the Advanced Regional Predication System (ARPS). In this study, the heavy rainfall is simulated to investigate the genesis, development and dissipation of middle scale convective vortex, which occurred from 0000 UTC 3 July to 1200 UTC 5 July over the Jianghuai River valley. Moist vorticity vector (MVV) has zonal, radial and vertical components in its 3D spatial distribution. The simulation shows that the vertical component of moist vorticity vector well demonstrates the spatial distribution characteristics of middle scale convective vortex, especially in the process of Meiyu front precipitation. Diagnosis upon zonal, radial averaged and mass-integrated quantities of MVV shows that its vertical component and the surface precipitating ratio are in phase with a correlation coefficient of 0.68, indicating that the vertical component of MVV is closely associated with the Meiyu front precipitation. In addition, the tendency of the vertical component of MVV is mainly determined by the interaction between the vorticity and the zonal and radial gradient of condensational or depositional heating.

关键词： moist vorticity vector mesoscale convective vortex Meiyu front precipitation

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Influence of interannual variability of Antarctic oscillation on mei-yu along the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley and its importance to prediction

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第S2期48卷 61-67页

作者： GAO Hui~(1,2), XUE Feng~1 WANG Huijun~1 1. institute of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, china 2. {4. of atmospheric sciences, nanjing institute of meteorology, nanjing 210044. china Chinese Acad Sci Inst Atmospher Phys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China nanjing Inst meteorol Dept Atmospher Sci Nanjing 210044 Peoples R China

Both correlation analysis and case study indi-cate that Antarctic oscillation (AAO) is closely related withsummer rainfall in eastern china. When AAO is stronger inboreal spring, especially in May, there is more mei-yu rain-fall in summer with a longer period along the Yangtze andHuaihe River valley. In contrast, there is less rainfall with ashorter period corresponding to a weaker AAO. Besides, ananomalous AAO changes the position and intensity of severalcirculation systems, which are important to summer rainfallalong the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley. Furthermore, theAntarctic sea ice is negatively correlated with the intensity ofAAO with a 6-month leading time. The result in this studyprovides a new method for the prediction of mei-yu.

关键词： Antarctic oscillation interannual variability mei-yu Antarctic sea ice.

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Seasonal variation of global stratosphere-troposphere mass exchange

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第12期17卷 1466-1475页

作者： Guo Dong1,2, Lu Daren2 and Sun Zhaobo1(1. institute of atmospheric sciences, nanjing University of Information Science and Technol{4., nanjing 210044, china 2. LAGEO, institute of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, china) institute of atmospheric sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China LAGEO Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

By Wei formula in pressure coordinate, the stratosphere-troposphere mass exchange (STME) is diagnosed globally for 4. years from 1958 to 2001 using the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis datasets. Regions of mass flux into the stratosphere are found over Indonesia, bay of Bangladesh and the mid-west coast of South Africa. Compensating mass outflow from the stratosphere appears mainly over mid-latitudes near large-scale troughs. Upward and downward transport of mass at the middle and high latitudes accompany with each other. Mass flux into troposphere is stronger in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. Strong downward mass flux into the troposphere occurs in eastern Asia the whole year with nearly stable sites. Although the area of eastern Asia accounts for only 5.6% of that of the northern hemisphere (NH), its net mass exchange reaches 15.83% of that of the NH, which means that research on STME of eastern Asia is greatly important to that of the NH and even the global areas. Air across the tropopause enters more from stratosphere to troposphere than that from troposphere to stratosphere, which is possibly related with systematic bias of the assimilated datasets and with persistent rise of the tropopause height. Contributions of the mass exchange and the mass flux exchange in the NH and southern hemisphere (SH) on their latitudes increase from equator to pole, with larger contributions in the NH. Mass exchange and mass flux exchange per areas at high latitudes are larger than that at low latitudes, which means greater mass exchange efficiency at high latitudes.

关键词： stratosphere troposphere mass exchange seasonal variation.

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A study on dynamical features of air-sea coupling waves in the tropics

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1993年第3期12卷 379-393页

作者： Yang Xiuqun and Huang Shisong department of atmospheric sciences, nanjing University, nanjing 210008, china

The dynamical features of air-sea coupling waves and their stabilities in a simple coupled air-sea model in the tropics have been studied with respect to interaction occurring among different types of the free waves in the o-cean and in the atmosphere. It is pointed out that there exist a stable and an unstable air-sea interaction modes in the tropical coupled system , respectively. The propagation of the unstable mode relies greatly on the zonal space scale, i. e. only for wave length ranging from 5 000 km to 10 000 km can the disturbance unstably move slowly eastward. The waves that slowly propagate unstably eastward agree well with the observational facts. Finally,it is also proposed that the interaction between Kelvin wave in one medium and Rossby wave in another medium is a necessary condition for the occurrence of destabilization of the coupled air-sea system in the tropics.

关键词： Air-sea interaction coupling waves features

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One-step estimation for varying coefficient models

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Science china Mathematics 2005年第2期48卷 198-213页

作者： TANG Qingguo & WANG Jinde department of Mathematics, nanjing University, nanjing 210093, china {4. of sciences, PLA University of Science and Technology, nanjing 210007, china department of Mathematics Nanjing University Nanjing China institute of sciences PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing China

A one-step method is proposed to estimate the unknown functions in the varying coefficient models, in which the unknown functions admit different degrees of smoothness. In this method polynomials of different orders are used to approximate unknown functions with different degrees of smoothness. As only one minimization operation is employed, the required computation burden is much less than that required by the existing two-step estimation method. It is shown that the one-step estimators also achieve the optimal convergence rate. Moreover this property is obtained under conditions milder than that imposed in the two-step estimation method. More importantly, as only one minimization operation is employed, the full asymptotic properties, not only the asymptotic bias and variance, but also the asymptotic distributions of the estimators can be derived. The asymptotic distribution results will play a key role for making statistical inference.

关键词： varying coefficient model, one-step estimation, asymptotic distribution, optimal convergence rate.

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