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Estimating surface evapotranspiration using combined MODIS and CBERS-02 data

Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 145-160页

作者： XIN Xiaozhou1,2, LIU Qinhuo1, TANG Yong1,3, TIAN Guoliang1, GU Xingfa1, LI Xiaowen1,2, ZHENG Hongsheng4.& CHEN Jiayi4.1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china 2. Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, department of Geography, beijing Normal {4., beijing 100875, china 3. Graduate {4. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100039, china 4. department of atmospheric physics, peking university, beijing 100871, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China2. Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS Department of Geography Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China4. Department of Atmospheric Physics Peking University 100871 Beijing China

Spatial scale error is one of the most serious problems in the estimates of land surface heat fluxes of sensible and latent from satellite-borne data such as MODIS 1km resolution reflectance and emissive data. One of the feasible and economic ways to decrease the spatial scale error is to use high resolution land use class data together with the MODIS data. CBERS-02 data were used to produce land use class of Baiyangdian area, Hebei Province, china in the autumn of 2004. The area ratio of each class in MODIS pixel was calculated, and used to derive the heat fluxes of the mixed pixel. The results showed that the estimated heat fluxes of soil, sensible and latent have been changed remarkably after using the high resolution land class data. It could be concluded from the comparison between simulated and ground-measured fluxes as well as the theoretical analysis that high resolution land class data are useful to diminishing the scale error of heat fluxes estimated from low resolution satellite data.

关键词： surface evapotranspiration spatial scale error MODIS CBERS land class.

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Abrupt climate change and collapse of ancient civilizations at 2200BC-2000BC

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第10期15卷 46-52页

作者： WANG Shaowu (department of atmospheric Science, School of physics, peking university,{4., china) department of atmospheric Science School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Plentiful evidence of historical, archaeological and palaeoclimatic studies proved that an abrupt change from wetter to drier climate occurred over the Nile Valley,the Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley and Huanghe River Valley at 2200BC-2000BC. The abrupt change was developed based on the general lowering of temperature in the middle latitudes, and was a strong cold event since the beginning of the Megathermal (8.5-3.0 kaBP). Collapse of Nile civilization appeared at the First Intermediate Period (2181BC-204.BC). Civilization of Mesopotamia began collapse following the disintegration of Akkadian Empire. This process lasted to the foundation of Babylon Kingdom from 2200BC to 1900BC. Indus civilization abruptly fell off at 1800BC. A widespread alternation of archaeological cultures happened in china at ca. 2000BC except only in its central part. Longsheng culture was replaced by the Erlitou culture, which is now acknowledged in china as Xia Culture. Foundation of Xia Dynasty at 2070BC opened a new chapter in the development of Chinese civilization. Studies indicated that abrupt climate change may be caused by the weakening of the Thermohaline Circulation (THC).

关键词： 2200BC-2000BC abrupt climate change collapse of ancient civilization.

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THE PHYSICAL ENTROPY OF SINGLE CONSERVATION LAWS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 1998年第5期16卷 437-444页

作者： (department of Mathematics, peking university, beijing 100871, china) beijing Univ Dept Math Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

By means of the comparisons with the formulas in statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, in this paper it is demonstrated that for the single conservation law partial derivative(t)u + partial derivative(x)f(u) = 0, if the flux function f(u) is convex (or concave), then, the physical entropy is S = -f(u); Furthermore, if we assume this result can be generalized to any f(u) with two order continuous derivative, from the thermodynamical principle that the local entropy production must be non-negative, one entropy inequality is derived, by which the O.A. Olejnik's famous E- condition can be explained successfully in physics.

关键词： conservation laws entropy entropy production

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A general information theoretical proof for the second law of thermodynamics

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Science china(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2008年第7期51卷 813-816页

作者： ZHANG QiRen department of Technical physics, peking university, beijing 100871,{4. 1. department of Technical physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China

It is shown that the conservation and the non-additivity of the information, together with the additivity of the entropy, make the entropy increase in an isolated system. The collapse of the entangled quantum state offers an example of the information non-additivity. Nevertheless, the non-additivity of information is also true in other fields in which the interaction information is important. Examples are classical statistical mechanics, social statistics and financial processes. The second law of thermodynamics is thus proven in its most general form. It is exactly true not only in quantum and classical physics but also in other processes in which the information is conservative and non-additive.

关键词： information conservation non-additivity of information entropy increase

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|m| Partial wave treatment for two-dimensional Coulomb-scattering and Regge pole

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Science china(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2004年第6期47卷 676-684页

作者： WANG Jing & ZENG Jinyan department of physics,Tsinghua university,beijing 100084.{4. School of physics,peking university,beijing 100871,{4. department of physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China School of physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The symmetry and |m| partial-wave analysis for two-dimensional (2D) Coulomb-scattering is investigated. As a function of energyE, the |m| partial-wave scattering amplitudef |m|(θ) is analytically continuated to the, negativeE (complexk) plane, and it is found that the bound state energy eigenvalues (E<0) are just located at the poles off |m|(θ) on the positive imaginaryk axis as is expected. In addition, as a function of |m|,f |m|(θ) is analytically continuated to the complex |m| plane, the bound state energy eigenvalues are just located at the poles off |m|(θ) on the positive real |m| axis.

关键词： two-dimensional Coulomb scattering, |m| partial-wave, Regge pole.

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Calculation of traversal time in tunneling by double-wave theory

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第9期43卷 723-727页

作者： HUANG Xiangyou department of physics, peking university, beijing 100871,{4. department of Physis Peking University Beijing China

Becausethe information contained in a wave function is not enough to describe an individual particle, the suggestion to define the state of a particle by two-wave functions is used. In the double-wave description, a general formula telling the traversal time of a particle in tunneling is obtained. When the double-wave description over an initial parameter is averaged , it reduces to the usual description. Two new relations between the transmission and the reflected coefficients are founded in the new cescription.

关键词： tunneling double-wave theory ensemble.

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Density-functional formula for strongly correlated systems

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第5期15卷 395-401页

作者： WANG Huaiyu1*, HAN Rushan2 and CHEN Nanxian1(1. department of physics, Tsinghua university, beijing 100084.{4. 2. department of physics, peking university, beijing 100871,{4.) department of physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China department of physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Density functional method is applied for strongly correlated systems. Based on the assumption that the systems are composed of electrons in singly-occupied orbitals and those in doubly-occupied orbitals, a set of self-consistent equations are obtained by standard variation procedure. The equations consist of two parts. One part is to solve the wave functions of the electrons in singly-occupied orbitals and the other is to solve the wave functions of the electrons in doubly-occupied orbitals. The physical meanings of the terms appearing in the equations are discussed.

关键词： density-functional theory strongly correlated systems doubly-occupied orbital two-particle wave function self-consistent equations.

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Experimental measurement of growth patterns on fossil corals:Secular variation in ancient Earth-Sun distances

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第35期55卷 4010-4017页

作者： ZHANG WeiJia1,3,4.LI ZhengBin2,3 & LEI Yang1 1 department of physics,peking university,{4. 100871,china 2 department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,peking university,{4. 100871,china 3 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems & Networks,peking university,{4. 100871,china 4.Committee of Yuanpei Honors Program,peking university,{4. 100871,china department of physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems & Networks Peking University Beijing 100871 China Committee of Yuanpei Honors Program Peking University Beijing 100871 China department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China

In recent years,much attention has been given to the increase in the Earth-Sun distance,with the modern rate reported as 5-15 m/cy on the basis of astronomical ***,traditional methods cannot measure the ancient leaving rates,so a myriad of research attempting to provide explanations were met with unmatched *** this paper we consider that the growth patterns on fossils could reflect the ancient Earth-Sun *** mechanical analysis of both the Earth-Sun and Earth-Moon systems,these patterns confirmed an increase in the Earth-Sun *** a large number of well-preserved specimens and new technology available,both the modern and ancient leaving rates could be measured with high precision,and it was found that the Earth has been leaving the Sun over the past 0.53 billion *** Earth's semi-major axis was 14. million kilometers at the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon,equating to 97.6% of its current *** modern leaving rates are 5-14.m/cy,whereas the ancient rates were much *** results indicate a special expansion with an average expansion coefficient of 0.57H0 and deceleration in the form of Hubble *** the basis of experimental results,the Earth's semi-major axis could be represented by a simple formula that matches fossil measurements.

关键词：地球太阳古代距离生长模式实验石珊瑚量化

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Frontal genesis of moisture atmosphere during the early 2008 persistent freezing-rain event in southern china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第3期53卷 454-464页

作者： QIAN WeiHong1 & FU JiaoLan1,2 1 department of atmospheric Sciences, School of physics, peking university,{4., china 2 National Meteorological Center of CMA, beijing, 100081, china 1. department of atmospheric Sciences School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China2. National Meteorological Center of CMA Beijing 100081 China

From January 10 to February 2, 2008, a severe and persistent freezing-rain event occurred in southern and southwestern china. Here we use an observational analysis to compare the persistent freezing-rain event in the early 2008 with the winter precipita- tion in the late 2007 over south of the Yangtze River (Jiangnan). The persistent freezing-rain event was directly linked to the activity of quasi-stationary front. The gradient of equivalent temperature (ET) can well indicate the frontal genesis of moist atmosphere (moisture front) and its activity as well as its relationship with precipitation belt. The precipitation types (snow and freezing rains) are related to the vertical structure of moisture front. The inversion profile of ET vertical distribution is a typical synoptic condition that caused the freezing-rain event. The horizontal gradient of ET with a criterion of 10℃ / 100 km, which reflects the accumulation and release of atmospheric energy, can be applied to predict the precipitation 5-10 days in advance.

关键词： freezing-rain event frontal genesis extended-range weather forecast winter Jiangnan

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Fabrication of multi-sectional TiO_2 nanotube arrays by anodization

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Science china Chemistry 2010年第5期53卷 1067-1072页

作者： LI ShiQi,YIN JianBo & ZHANG GengMin Key Laboratory for the physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and department of Electronics,peking university,{4. 100871,china 1. Key Laboratory for the physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and department of Electronics Peking University Beijing 100871 China

We report a facile method to grow multi-sectional TiO2 nanotube arrays consisting of alternating bamboo-shaped and smooth-walled nanotube sections by *** key factors are necessary for obtaining these ***,in order to avoid possible disruptions between the conjoint sections of the nanotube,the distribution of hydrogen ions is suggested not to be fiercely disturbed when switching from the first to the second ***,to avoid the disruption of the nanotube at the joint which results from the disparity in diameters between sections,the direct current voltage is set to be the maximum of the square wave *** newly developed TiO2 nanotube arrays are expected to have potential applications in solar cells,drug release and delivery systems.

关键词： titanium dioxide titania nanotube anodic oxidation

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