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Synthesis of Tributyl Citrate Using a Novel Solid Acid Catalyst Prepared by the Biomass Waste

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Synthesis of Tributyl Citrate Using a Novel Solid Acid Catal...

The Glacier Area Changes in the Qangtang Plateau Based on the Multi-temporal Grid Method and its Sensitivity to Climate Change

201. IEEE International Conference on Waste Recycling,Ecology and environment(ICWREE 201.)

作者： Yang LIAO1.2 Min PENG1.PeijieTONG1.Yan LI1.Shilin ZHAO1.2* 1.College of Chemistry and Material science {1. normal University Cheng du china 2 the Fund of Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of {1. Province {1. normal University Cheng du china

Synthesis of tributyl citrate （TBC） has been studied by using a novel solid acid which was prepared by using collagen fiber as matrices. The surface morphology of the as-prepared catalyst was observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, the structural properties of the SO4.-/ZrO2 catalyst were determined by N2 adsorption/ desorption method, and the corresponding crystalline properties were carried out by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The catalyst structure remained fibrous confirmed by SEM, and contained the typical mesoporous structure. The results indicated that a novel solid acid showed good catalytic and reusable performance. Under the optimum conditions, the conversion of citric acid was 96.5%. After easily separated from the products the catalyst could be reused 4.times, and the conversion of citric acid was not less than 92.0%. Therefore, the collagen fiber waste in leather manufacturing can be reused and an environment-protection approach to the synthesis of tributyl citrate can be provided.

关键词： tributyl citrate collagen fiber waste solid acid catalyst matrices

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Journal of Mountain science 2011年第6期8卷 882-893页

作者： WANG Liping XIE Zichu WANG Xin LIU Shiyin DING Liangfu SHANGGUAN Donghui The College of resources and {1.al science Hunan Normal University Changsha China Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China department of Geography Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan China

Glacier area changes in the Qangtang Plateau are analyzed during 1.70-2000 using air photos,relevant photogrammetric maps and satellite images based on the multi-temporal grid *** results indicate that the melting of glaciers accelerated,only a few of glaciers in an advancing state during 1.70-2000 in the whole Qangtang ***,the glaciers seemed still more stable in the study area than in most areas of western *** estimate that glacier retreat was likely due to air temperature warming during 1.70-2000 in the Qangtang ***,the functional model of glacier system is applied to study climate sensitivity of glacier area changes,which indicates that glacier lifespan mainly depends on the heating rate,secondly the precipitation,and precipitation increasing can slow down glacier retreat and make glacier lifespan prolonged.

关键词： The Qangtang Plateau Glacier change Multi-temporal Climate change Functional model ofglacier system Simulation

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综述计算我国旅游舒适气候的特吉旺法

生态经济 2006年第8期22卷 67-69页

作者：冯新灵陈朝镇罗隆诚绵阳师范学院资源环境科学系四川绵阳621000

本文使用特吉旺法对我国旅游舒适气候进行了系统研究,发现在评价中普遍存在着的两个带根本性的突出问题,并由此进一步探讨了它们存在的主要原因,提出了解决这一问题的有效途径和根本方法。

关键词：特吉旺法综述舒适气候舒适指数风效指数

Spatial patterns of ecosystem carbon residence time in Chinese forests

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中国科学：地球科学英文版 2010年第8期53卷 1229-1240页

作者： ZHOU Tao1.2, SHI PeiJun1.2, JIA GenSuo3, LI XiuJuan1.2 & LUO YiQi4.1.State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing {1. University, Beijing 1.0875, china 2 Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education, Beijing 1.0875, china 3 Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-environment Research for Temperate East Asia, Chinese Academy of {4.s, Beijing 1.0029, china 4.department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 7301., USA State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing China Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education Beijing China Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-environment Research for Temperate East Asia Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma Norman USA

Capacity of carbon sequestration in forest ecosystem largely depends on the trend of net primary production (NPP) and the length of ecosystem carbon residence time. Retrieving spatial patterns of ecosystem carbon residence time is important and necessary for accurately predicting regional carbon cycles in the future. In this study, a data-model fusion method that combined a process-based regional carbon model (TECO-R) with various ground-based ecosystem observations (NPP, biomass, and soil organic carbon) and auxiliary data sets (NDVI, meteorological data, and maps of vegetation and soil texture) was applied to estimate spatial patterns of ecosystem carbon residence time in Chinese forests at steady state. In the data-model fusion, the genetic algorithm was used to estimate the optimal model parameters related with the ecosystem carbon residence time by minimizing total deviation between modeled and observed values. The results indicated that data-model fusion technology could effectively retrieve model parameters and simulate carbon cycling processes for Chinese forest ecosystems. The estimated carbon residence times were highly heterogenous over china, with most of regions having values between 2{1.and 70 years. The deciduous needleleaf forest and the evergreen needleleaf forest had the highest averaged carbon residence times (73.8 and 71.3 years, respectively), the mixed forest and the deciduous broadleaf forest had moderate values (38.1.and 37.3 years, respectively), and the evergreen broadleaf forest had the lowest value (31.7 years). The averaged carbon residence time of forest ecosystems in china was 57.8 years.

关键词： carbon residence time carbon cycle forest ecosystem data-model fusion inverse modeling genetic algorithm

Flow Deflection in Intersected Tubes

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Journal of Earth science 2000年第4期19卷 54-56页

作者： Tian Kaiming Wan Li department of Water {1. and environmental science,{4. University of Geosciences, Beijing 1.0083

In order to verify the flow interference at the fracture intersections, a group of hydraulic simulations of crossing flow was carried out. The manifold interference effects at the intersection of fractures on water flow has been confirmed extensively either in the normal or in the oblique intersected tubes as well as in the intersected tubes of either equal or variant diameters. Consequently, suggest that the fissure network can no longer be taken as a set of solitary fractures, but as a set of elementary intersected fractures. The deflection effect at fracture intersections on the water flow should be taken into consideration when is dealt with any theory related to the water migration in fractures.

关键词： crossing flow intersected tube flow deflection flow interference at intersection hydraulic simulation.

The role of different cues in the brain mechanism on visual spatial attention

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2006年第10期16卷 1045-1050页

作者： SONG Weiqun, LUO Yuejia, CHI Song, JI Xunming, LING Feng, ZHAO Lun, WANG Maobin and SHI Jiannong ( department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical {1., Beijing 1.0053, china State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuro{1. and Learning, Beijing {4. University, Beijing 1.0875, china School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 4.071., china Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of {1.s, Beijing 1.01.1. china department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao 266003, china department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical {1., Beijing 1.0053, china Institute of Linguistics, Xuzhou {4. University, Xuzhou 221.1., china) department of Rehabilitation Xuanwu Hospital Capita! University of Medical Science Beijing 100053 China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Norma! University Beijing 100875 China School of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College Qingdao 266003 China department of Neurology Xuanwu Hospital Capital University of Medical Science Beijing 100053 China Institute of Linguistics Xuzhou Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China

The visual spatial attention mechanism in the brain was studied in 1. young subjects through the visual search paradigm of precue-target by the event-related potential (ERP) technique, with the attentive ranges cued by different scales of Chinese character and region cues. The results showed that the response time for Chinese character cues was much longer than that for region cues especially for small region cues. With the exterior interferences, the target stimuli recognition under region cues was much quicker than that under Chinese character cues. Compared with that under region cues, targets under Chinese character cues could lead to increase of the posterior P1. decrease of the N1.and increase of the P2. It should also be noted that the differences between region cues and Chinese character cues were affected by the interference types. Under exterior interferences, no significant difference was found between region cues and Chinese character cues; however, it was not the case under the interior interferences. Considering the difference between the exterior interferences and the interior interferences, we could conclude that with the increase of difficulty in target recognition there was obvious difference in the consumption of anterior frontal resources by target stimuli under the two kinds of cues.

关键词： visual spatial attention cue scale event-related potential (ERP) Chinese character cues region cues.

A Spectral Index for Estimating Soil Salinity in the Yellow River Delta Region of china Using EO-1.Hyperion Data

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Pedosphere 2010年第3期20卷 378-388页

作者： WENG Yong-Ling GONG Peng ZHU Zhi-Liang department of Surveying and Mapping Engineering College of Transportation Southeast University Nanjing 210096(China) State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of the Chinese Academy ofSciences and Beijing Normal University Beijing 100101 (China) department of {1. science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley CA 94720 (USA) EROS Data Center U.S. Geological Survey Sioux Falls SD 57198 (USA)

Soil salinization is one of the most common land degradation processes. In this study, spectral measurements of saline soil samples collected from the Yellow River Delta region of china were conducted in laboratory and hyperspectral data were acquired from an EO-1.Hyperion sensor to quantitatively map soil salinity in the region. A soil salinity spectral index (SSI) was constructed from continuum-removed reflectance (CR-reflectance) at 2052 and 2203 nm, to analyze the spectral absorption features of the salt-affected soils. There existed a strong correlation (r = 0.91. between the SSI and soil salt content (SSC). Then, a model for estimation of SSC with SSI was established using univariate regression and validation of the model yielded a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.986 and an R2 of 0.873. The model was applied to a Hyperion reflectance image on a pixel-by-pixel basis and the resulting quantitative salinity map was validated successfully with RMSE = 1.921.and R2 = 0.627. These suggested that the satellite hyperspectral data had the potential for predicting SSC in a large area.

关键词： hyperspectral reflectance soil salt content spectral absorption features

Review on the Tempestite and the Significance in Xingwen

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四川地质学报 2009年第S1期29卷 160-164页

作者： ZHANG Bin 1,DENG Mao-lin 1,SHUI Wei 2,ZHOU Wei 1,WANG Xing-gui 3,MA Sha 4.1.Land and resources College,china West normal University,Nanchong china,637002 2.{4. of Eco-agriculture and Regional Development,sichuan Agricultural University,Ya’an 625014.3.Kangding Nationality Teachers College,Kangding 626001 4.{4. of resources environment and the Management of Urban and Rural Planning,sichuan Agricultural University,Ya’an 625014.

Since *** put forward tempestite in 1.73,the study has been developed quickly;especially the storm flow theory is known to be a milestone of sedimentology and the geology development as turbidite theory established in *** paper makes reviews on the development of tempestite theory:the origin and definitions,methods of the study,and its formation environment,scales,sedimentary characters,structures,sequences,model,and hummocky bedding were *** also explores the significance of the research on Tempestite of the Xingwen World Geopark.

关键词： Tempestite storm deposits Sedimentary Sequence Geographical means

Adsorption of Cadmium by Soil Colloids and Minerals in Presence of Rhizobia

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Pedosphere 2000年第4期10卷 299-307页

作者： HUANGQIAOYUN CHENWENLI 等 departmentof{1. EnvironmentandAgrochemistryHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityWuhan430070China departmentofMicrobiology HuazhongAgriculturalUniversityWuhan430070China

Experiments were conducted to study the adsorption of Cd on two soil colloids (red soil and yellow- brown soil) and three variable-charge minerals (goethite, noncrystalline Fe oxide and kaolin) in the absence and presence of rhizobia. The tested strain Rhizobium fredii C6, tolerant to 0.8 mmol L-1.Cd, was selected from 30 rhizobial strains. Results showed that the isotherms for the adsorption of Cd by examined soil colloids and minerals in the presence of rhizobia could be described by Langmuir equation. Within the range of the numbers of rhizobial cells studied, the amount of Cd adsorbed by each system increased with increasing rhizobial cells. Greater increases for the adsorption of Cd were found in red soil and kaolin systems. Rhizobia influence on the adsorption of Cd by examined soil colloids and minerals was different from that on the adsorption of Cu. The presence of rhizobia increased the adsorption sanity of soil colloids and minerals for Cd, particularly for the goethite and kaolin systems. The discrepancies in the influence of rhizobia on the adsorbability and affinity of selected soil colloids and minerals for Cd suggested the different interactions of rhizobia with various soil components. It is assumed that bacterial biomass plays an important role in controlling the mobility and bioavailability of Cd in soils with kaolinite and goethite as the major colloidal components, such as in variable-charge soil.

关键词： cadmium adsorption iron oxide kaolin rhizobia soil colloid