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Characteristics and geological significance of olivine xenocrysts in Cenozoic volcanic rocks from western Qinling

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1300-1306页

作者： SU Benxun~ 1,2.**, ZHANG Hongfu~1, XIAO Yan~ 1,2.and ZHAO Xinmiao~ 1,2.(1. State Key laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., china 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, china) [a]State Key laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [b]Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the Haoti, Dangchang County of the western Qinling Mountains, contain a few clearly-zoned olivines. These olivines are relatively big in grain sizes and usually have cracks or broken features. Their cores have similar compositions （Mg#=90.4.91.0） to those for the peridotitic xenoliths entrained in host volcanic rocks and their rims are close to the compositions of olivine phenocrysts （Mg#=85.5-81.9）. The CaO contents in these zoned olivines are lower than 0.1%. These features demonstrate that the clearly-zoned olivines are xenocrysts and disaggregated from mantle peridotites. The zoned texture was the result of the interaction between the olivine and host magma. Available data show that the volcanic rocks would have been derived from the mantle source metasomatized by subducted hydrathermally-altered oceanic crust. The formation of these Cenozoic volcanic rocks was perhaps related to the rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Western Qinling Dangchang Haoti Cenozoic volcanic rocks olivine xenocrysts zoned texture.

Estimating surface evapotranspiration using combined MODIS and CBERS-02.data

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 145-160页

作者： XIN Xiaozhou1,2. LIU Qinhuo1, TANG Yong1,3, TIAN Guoliang1, GU Xingfa1, LI Xiaowen1,2. ZHENG Hongsheng4.& CHEN Jiayi4.1. State Key {2. of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 2. research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, Department of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china 3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, china 4. Department of Atmospheric Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, china 1. State Key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China2. Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS Department of Geography Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China4. Department of Atmospheric Physics Peking University 100871 Beijing China

Spatial scale error is one of the most serious problems in the estimates of land surface heat fluxes of sensible and latent from satellite-borne data such as MODIS 1km resolution reflectance and emissive data. One of the feasible and economic ways to decrease the spatial scale error is to use high resolution land use class data together with the MODIS data. CBERS-02.data were used to produce land use class of Baiyangdian area, Hebei Province, china in the autumn of 2.04. The area ratio of each class in MODIS pixel was calculated, and used to derive the heat fluxes of the mixed pixel. The results showed that the estimated heat fluxes of soil, sensible and latent have been changed remarkably after using the high resolution land class data. It could be concluded from the comparison between simulated and ground-measured fluxes as well as the theoretical analysis that high resolution land class data are useful to diminishing the scale error of heat fluxes estimated from low resolution satellite data.

关键词： surface evapotranspiration spatial scale error MODIS CBERS land class.

A new algorithm for microwave radiometer remote sensing of sea surface salinity and temperature

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第11期49卷 1204-1211页

作者： YIN Xiaobin1, LIU Yuguang1, WANG Zhenzhan2.& XIU Peng1 1. Physical Oceanography laboratory, Ocean University of china, Qingdao 2.6003, china 2. Center for Space and Applied research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, china 1. Physical Oceanography laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China 2. Center for Space and Applied research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

The microwave radiation of the sea surface, which is denoted by the sea surface brightness temperature, is not only related with sea surface salinity (SSS) and temperature (SST), but also influenced by sea surface wind. The errors of wind detected by satellite sensor have significant influences on the accuracy of SSS and SST retrieval. The effects of sea surface wind on sea surface brightness temperature, i.e. △Th,v, and the relations among △Th,v, wind speed, sea surface tempera- ture, sea surface salinity and incidence angle of observation are investigated. Based on the investi- gations, a new algorithm depending on the design of a single radiometer with double polarizations and multi-incidence angles is proposed. The algorithm excludes the influence of sea surface wind on SSS and SST retrieval, and provides a new method for remote sensing of SSS and SST.

关键词： microwave radiometer, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, wind, brightness temperature.

Adsorption of zinc on manganite(γ-MnOOH): particle concentration effect and adsorption reversibility

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第4期16卷 627-630页

作者： QIN Yan-wen1, PAN Gang 1,2., ZHANG Ming-ming1, LI Xian-liang1 (1. State Key laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, {2.. 2. Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 2.604., {2.) State Key laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China.

The adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ) on γ-MnOOH as a function of particle concentrations(C p) were studied. An obvious C p effect was observed in this adsorption system. The degree of adsorption hysteresis increased greatly with the increasing of C p, indicating that the extent of the real metastable-equilibrium states deviating from the ideal equilibrium state was enhanced with the increasing of C p. The C p-reversibility relationship confirmed the metastable-equilibrium adsorption(MEA) inequality(Pan, 1998a), which was the core formulation of the MEA theory. Because the MEA inequality was based on the basic hypothesis of MEA theory that adsorption density Γ is not a state variable, the C p-reversibility relationship gave indirect evidence to the basic hypothesis of MEA theory.

关键词： zinc γ-MnOOH adsorption reversibility

Electron microscopy study of the sakhaite from endogenous borate deposit in Hunan, china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第3期47卷 232-238页

作者： LIU Xiangwen1,2. YANG Guangming2. ZOU Huamin3, QU Jing1 & ZHAO Wenxia4.1. Graduate School, china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 4.0074. china 2. Test Center, china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 4.0074. china 3. Physics and Technology College, Wuhan University, Wuhan 4.0072. china 4. Test Center, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 5102.5, china china Univ Geosci Grad Sch Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China china Univ Geosci Test Ctr Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Phys & Technol Coll Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Zhongshan Univ Test Ctr Guangzhou 510275 Peoples R China

Sakhaite specimens from an endogenous borate deposit in Hunan Province, china have been studied in detail by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns obtained with different crystal zone axes show that the crystal system is cubic, with a = 1.4.3 nm. The convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns indicate that the point group and space group of sakhaite is m3m and Fd3m, respec-tively. The space group of synthetic sakhaite determined by Chichagov (1974. is F4.32. The possible reasons why the space groups of the natural and the synthetic sakhaites are different are discussed.

关键词： sakhaite, space group, convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED).

Role of gallium wetting layer in high-quality ZnO growth on sapphire (0001) substrates

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2004年第5期47卷 612-620页

作者： ZENG Zhaoquan1,3, WANG Yong2. DU Xiaolong1, MEI Zengxia1, KONG Xianghe3, JIA Jinfeng1, XUE Qikun1 & ZHANG Ze2. 4.1. State Key laboratory for Surface Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, {2. 2. laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, {2. 3. College of Physics and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 2.3165, {2. 4. Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 10002., {2. 1. State Key laboratory for Surface Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. College of Physics and Engineering Qufu Normal University 273165 Qufu China 3. laboratory of Electron Microscopy Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 4. Beijing University of Technology 100022 Beijing China

A Ga wetting layer was used to modify the surface structure of sapphire (0001) substrate to prepare high-quality ZnO film by radio frequency plasma-assisted molecule beam epitaxy. We found that this Ga layer plays a crucial role in eliminating 30 rotation domains, controlling polarity and decreasing defect density in ZnO epilayers, as demonstrated by in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction, ex situ high resolution X-ray diffraction and high resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Zn-polar film of ZnO was determined by convergent beam electron diffraction. A Ga bilayer model is proposed to understand the effects of the Ga wetting layer on high-quality ZnO growth.

关键词： Ga wetting layer, sapphire, polarity, defect density, zinc oxide, rf-MBE, RHEED, HRXRD, TEM, CBED.

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第10期47卷 886-895页

作者： TANG Liangjie1,2. JIA Chengzao3, PI Xuejun4. CHEN Suping1,2. WANG Zhiyu5, XIE Huiwen4.1. Key {2. for Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Education Ministry, Beijing 102.4., china 2. Basin & Reservoir research Center, University of Petroleum, Beijing 102.4., china 3. Petrochina Company Limited, Beijing 100011, china 4. Tarim Oilfield Company, Petrochina Company Ltd., Kurle 84.000, china 5. Department of Geology, University of Petroleum, Beijing 102.4., china 1. Key laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Education Ministry 102249 Beijing China 2. Basin & Reservoir research Center University of Petroleum 102249 Beijing China 3. Petrochina Company Limited 100011 Beijing China 4. Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Company Ltd. 841000 Kurle China 5. Department of Geology University of Petroleum 102249 Beijing China

The salt beds of Lower Tertiary developed in the mid-segment of Kuqa foreland fold belt, northern Tarim basin. They considerably controlled structural deformation of the belt. Ac- cording to the field observation, seismic profile interpretation and drilling data, three different structural styles of supra-salt, intra-salt and sub-salt occurred in the Kuqa foreland fold belt. Su- pra-salt structural styles mainly include thrust faults and fault-related sags. Intra-slat structural styles essentially are salt-pillows, intra-salt faults and folds, and salt weld structures. Sub-salt structural styles mainly consist of imbricated thrust faults, duplex structures, pop-up and fault-related folds. It is indicated that great differences exist among supra-salt, intra-salt and sub-salt structures of Kuqa foreland fold belt. The salt-related structures were formed in the same structural stress field. The dynamic mechanism of the salt-related structures is mainly associated with gravitation, compression and plastic flow of salt beds.

关键词： salt-related structural style, supra-salt structure, intra-salt structure, sub-salt structure, Kuga foreland fold belt.

Numerical simulation of the efficiency of mixing in heterogeneous microchannels with patterned surface potentials

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1322-1328页

作者： ZHANG Kai~1, LIN Jianzhong~ 1,2.** and LI Huijun~1(1. State Key laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 31002., china 2. china Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, china) [a]State Key laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control Zhejiang University Hanghou China [b]china Jiliang University Hangzhou China

The mixing of samples in heterogeneous microchannels with a periodically stepwise surface potential was analyzed numerically using the control volume method. The equations describing the wall potential and external potential were solved first to get the distribution of wall potential and external potential, respectively, then the momentum equation was solved to get the developed flow field. Finally, the mass transport equation was solved to get the concentration field. The simulation results show that the distribution of samples at the inlet of the microchannel determines its theoretical value of concentration, therefore, the pattern of the distribution of samples at the inlet and its corresponding velocity can be changed to get the desirable concentration of solute. The heterogeneous wall potential almost has no effect on the mixing of samples in two-inlet microfluidic devices. For three-inlet microfluidic devices, the comprehensive ability of transportation and mixing has an optimization when the ratio of periodic length of wall potential to the height of the microchannel is about 4.88. The above conclusions are helpful to the optimization of the design of microfluidic devices.

关键词： microchannel mixing efficiency electroosmosis numerical simulation.

Polynomial analysis of canopy spectra and biochemical component content inversion

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第10期48卷 1780-1791页

作者： YAN Chunyan1, LIU Qiang1, NIU Zheng1, WANG Jihua2. HUANG Wenjiang2.& LIU Liangyun 2.1. State Key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, china 2. National Engineering {2. Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100089, china State Key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University Beijing china National Engineering research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture Beijing china

A polynomial expression model was developed in this paper to describe directional canopy spectra, and the decomposition of the polynomial expression was used as a tool for re-trieving biochemical component content from canopy multi-angle spectra. First, the basic formula of the polynomial expression was introduced and the physical meaning of its terms and coeffi-cients was discussed. Based on this analysis, a complete polynomial expression model and its decomposition method were given. By decomposing the canopy spectra simulated with SAILH model, it shows that the polynomial expression can not only fit well the canopy spectra, but also show the contribution of every order scattering to the whole reflectance. Taking the first scattering coefficients a10 and a01 for example, the test results show that the polynomial coefficients reflect very well the hot spot phenomenon and the effects of viewing angles, LAI and leaf inclination angle on canopy spectra. By coupling the polynomial expression with leaf model PROSPECT, a canopy biochemical component content inversion model was given. In the simulated test, the canopy multi-angle spectra were simulated by two different models, SAILH and 4.SCALE re-spectively, then the biochemical component content was retrieved by inverting the coupled polynomial expression + PROSPECT model. Results of the simulated test are promising, and when applying the algorithm to measured corn canopy multi-angle spectra, we also get relatively accurate chlorophyll content. It shows that the polynomial analysis provides a new method to get biochemical component content independent of any specific canopy model.

关键词： polynomial expression, canopy spectra, decomposition, biochemical component content, inversion.