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ESTABLISHMENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL MODEL OF FRACTURED RESERVOIRS

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石油勘探与开发 1995年第6期22卷 90-97页

作者： Mu Long-xin (Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development, CNPC)

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关键词： Fracture Geological model Low permeability sandstone oil field

Control of coupling among three major factors for formation of high-efficiency gas reservoir——A case study on the oolitic beach gas reservoir in Feixianguan Formation in the northeast Sichuan Basin

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 201-214页

作者： WANG ZeCheng1, ZHAO WenZhi2, ZHANG ShuiChang3, WANG HongJun1 & YU Qian4 1 institute of Geology, Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development, beijing 100083, china 2 Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development, beijing 100083, china 3 Testing Center of petroleum Geology, Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development, beijing 100083, china 4 Chengdu institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu 610082, china

Through a case study of the high-efficiency gas reservoir in Feixianguan Formation in the northeast Sichuan Basin, quantitative and semi-quantitative analyses of key elements such as hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, and reservoir evolution as well as their interplay in the critical moment of reservoir formation controlled by the energy field were carried out, by means of numerical modeling of the energy field. It was found that the climax time for Permian hydrocarbon generation was Late Triassic-Early Jurassic and accumulation of oil and gas has resulted in large-scale paleoreservoirs in paleostructural traps in Feixianguan Formation, a process facilitated by fractures connecting the sources. The paleoreservoirs have been turned into high-efficiency gas kitchens due to pyrolysis, which resulted from deep burial at a temperature of 170―210 ℃ as induced by tremendously thick sedimentation in the foreland basin of Daba Mountain in Late Jurassic-Cretaceous period. Meanwhile, abundant acid gas like H2S produced from thermo-chemical sulfate reduction (TSR) at high temperatures leads to extensive dissolution of dolostone in the paleoreservoirs, which may in turn result in modification of the reservoirs and preservation of the reservoir rock porosity. The present distribution of gas reservoirs was ultimately determined in the processes of adjustment, cooling and decompression of the paleoreservoirs resulting from intense deformation in the front of Daba Mountain during the Himalayan orogeny.

关键词： energy field coupling numerical modeling high-efficiency gas reservoir Feixianguan Formation Sichuan Basin

Impact of rock anisotropy on fracture development

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第11期18卷 1403-1408页

作者： Lianbo Zeng~(a,b,*) Jiyong Zhao~c Shengju Zhu~c Weiliang Xiong~c Yonghong He~c Jianwen Chen~c a Key State Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting in china University of petroleum,beijing 102249,china b Resources and Information Faculty,china University of petroleum,beijing 102249,china c exploration and Development Research institute,Changqing Oilfield Branch,Xi’an 710021,china Key State Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting in china University of petroleum Beijing 102249 China Resources and Information Faculty China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China exploration and Development Research institute Changqing Oilfield Branch Xi’an 710021 China

Experiments on uniaxial and triaxial rock mechanics and rock acoustic emissions have been conducted for research on the impact of rock anisotropy on the development of the fractures of different directions by taking as an example the ultra-low-permeability sandstone reservoir in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation within the Ordos *** experimental results prove the existence of anisotropy of the rock mechanical property in the different directions on the plane,which is the chief reason for the production of impacts on the development of different assemblages of fractures in the geological *** rock anisotropy usually restricts the development of one assemblage of conjugate shear *** fractures in the Yanchang Formation within the Ordos Basin are mainly shear fractures that formed under two tectonic ***,here,four assemblages of shear fractures should have developed,but due to the effect of a strong rock anisotropy,in each period one assemblage of fractures chiefly ***,two assemblages of fractures are usually developed in every part at present.

关键词： Fracture Rock anisotropy Rock mechanical experiments Acoustic emission experiments

A hydrocarbon enrichment model and prediction of favorable accumulation areas in complicated superimposed basins in china

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petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 10-19页

作者： Pang Xiongqi Meng Qingyang Jiang Zhenxue Liu Luofu Lu Xiuxiang State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

The geologic conditions of superimposed basins in china are very complicated. This is mainly shown by multi-phase structural evolution, multiple sets of source-reservoir-cap rock combinations, multiple stages of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from source rocks, multi-cycle hydrocarbon enrichment and accumulation, and multi-phase reservoir adjustment and reconstruction. The enrichment, accumulation and distribution of hydrocarbon is mainly controlled by the source rock kitchen, paleo- anticline, regional cap rock and intensity of tectonic movement. In this paper, the T-BCMS model has been developed to predict favorable areas of hydrocarbon accumulation in complicated superimposed basins according to time and spatial relationships among five key factors. The five factors include unconformity surface representing tectonic balancing （B）, regional cap rock representing hydrocarbon protection （C）, paleo-anticline representing hydrocarbon migration and accumulation （M）, source rock kitchen representing hydrocarbon generation and expulsion （S） and geological time （T）. There are three necessary conditions to form favorable areas of hydrocarbon accumulation. First, four key factors BCMS should be strictly in the order of BCMS from top to bottom. Second, superimposition of four key factors BCMS in the same area is the most favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Third, vertically ordered combination and superimposition in the same area of BCMS should occur at the same geological time. The model has been used to predict the most favorable exploration areas in Ordovician in the Tarim Basin in the main hydrocarbon accumulation periods. The result shows that 95% of the discovered Ordovician hydrocarbon reservoirs are located in the predicted areas, which indicates the feasibility and reliability of the key factor matching T-BCMS model for hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment.

关键词： Complicated superimposed basin key factor matching T-BCMS model favorable area for hydrocarbon accumulation hydrocarbon distribution prediction

The productivity evaluation model and its application for finite conductivity horizontal wells in fault block reservoirs

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petroleum Science 2010年第4期7卷 530-535页

作者： Jiang Hanqiao Ye Shuangjiang Lei Zhanxiang Wang Xing Zhu Guojin Chen Minfeng Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Research institute of china National Offshore Oil Corporation Beijing 100027 China

It is very difficult to evaluate the productivity of horizontal wells in fault block reservoirs due to the influence of fault *** the basis of the method of images and source-sink theory,a semianalytical model coupling reservoir and finite conductivity horizontal wellbore flow dynamics was built,in which the influence of fault sealing was taken into *** distribution of wellbore flow and radial inflow profiles along the horizontal interval were also *** impact of the distance between the horizontal well and the fault on the well productivity was quantitatively *** on this analysis,the optimal distance between the horizontal well and the fault in banded fault block reservoirs could be *** to the field application,the relative error calculated by the model proposed in this paper is within ±15%.It is an effective evaluation method for the productivity of horizontal wells in fault block *** productivity of the horizontal well increases logarithmically as the distance between the horizontal well and the fault *** optimal distance between the horizontal well and the fault is 0.25-0.3 times the horizontal well length.

关键词： Fault block reservoir horizontal well finite conductivity productivity evaluation well location design

Diagenesis and Restructuring Mechanism of Oil and Gas Reservoir in the Marine Carbonate Formation,Northeastern Sichuan:A Case Study of the Puguang Gas Reservoir

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第6期83卷 1173-1181页

作者： DU Chunguo1, 2, WANG Jianjun1, ZOU Huayao2, ZHU Yangming3 and WANG Cunwu4 1 Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development, beijing 100034, china 2 petroleum University of china, beijing 102249, china 3 Department of Earth Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, china 4 Faculty of Earth Resources, china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development Beijing 100034 China petroleum University of china Beijing 102249 China Department of Earth Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

Based on the technology of balanced cross-section and physical simulation experiments associated with natural gas geochemical characteristic analyses, core and thin section observations, it has been proven that the Puguang gas reservoir has experienced two periods of diagenesis and restructuring since the Late Indo-Chinese epoch. One is the fluid transfer controlled by the tectonic movement and the other is geochemical reconstruction controlled by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The middle Yanshan epoch was the main period that the Puguang gas reservoir experienced the geochemical reaction of TSR. TSR can recreate the fluid in the gas reservoir, which makes the gas drying index higher and carbon isotope heavier because C2+ (ethane and heavy hydrocarbon) and 12C (carbon 12 isotope) is first consumed relative to CH4 and 13C (carbon 13 isotope). However, the reciprocity between fluid regarding TSR (hydrocarbon, sulfureted hydrogen (H2S) , and water) and reservoir rock results in reservoir rock erosion and anhydrite alteration, which increases porosity in reservoir, thereby improving the petrophysical properties. Superimposed by later tectonic movement, the fluid in Puguang reservoir has twice experienced adjustment, one in the late Yanshan epoch to the early Himalayan epoch and the other time in late Himalayan epoch, after which Puguang gas reservoir is finally developed.

关键词： diagenesis and restructuring mechanism marine carbonate formation thermochemical sulfate reduction Puguang gas reservoir

Major factors controlling the formation of middle and large marine carbonate stratigraphic fields

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 44-53页

作者： ZOU CaiNeng & TAO ShiZhen Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development, Petrochina, beijing 100083, china

Marine carbonate oil and gas fields have become an important exploration area in china and even across the world. Their formation, distribution and enrichment are special owing to the complexity of the deposition, diagenesis and accumulation, which is caused by the multiplicity of the carbonate depositional environments and facies, huge extensions of formation time and burial depth, complication of diagenetic evolution, heterogeneity as well as the development of pores, caves and fractures affected by various factors. Oil and gas accumulations in carbonate rocks are not strictly controlled by the second-order structure belt. Most of them, under certain structural settings, are controlled by sedimentary diagenesis and its favorable facies. The hydrocarbon reservoir type is predominantly stratigraphic. Based on the worldwide researches of carbonate fields, the paper concludes that 7 main factors control the formation and distribution of middle-large marine carbonate stratigraphic fields.

关键词： carbonates stratigraphic reservoir accumulation condition main controlling factors

Generalized Pareto Distribution Model and Its Application to Hydrocarbon Resource Structure Prediction of the Huanghua Depression

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petroleum Science 2006年第2期3卷 22-27页

作者： Liu Xiaoping Jin Zhijun Chen Shanyong Liu Lifang Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism of Ministry Education China Universi（y of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China exploration and production Research institute SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China Science and Technology Information Department of Dagang Oilfield CNPC Tianjing 300280 China china University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

The generalized Pareto distribution model is a kind of hydrocarbon pool size probability statistical method for resource assessment. By introducing the time variable, resource conversion rate and the geological variable, resource density, such model can describe not only different types of basins, but also any exploration samples at different phases of exploration, up to the parent population. It is a dynamic distribution model with profound geological significance and wide applicability. Its basic principle and the process of resource assessment are described in this paper. The petroleum accumulation system is an appropriate assessment unit for such method. The hydrocarbon resource structure of the Huanghua Depression in Bohai Bay Basin was predicted by using this model. The prediction results accord with the knowledge of exploration in the Huanghua Depression, and point out the remaining resources potential and structure of different petroleum accumulation systems, which are of great significance for guiding future exploration in the Huanghua Depression.

关键词： Generalized Pareto distribution model hydrocarbon resource assessment hydrocarbon resource structure Huanghua depression

Discovery of Early Proterozoic Carbon Isotope Shifts

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1995年第4期69卷 436-442页

作者： Zhong Hua institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijingand Ma Yongsheng Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development, beijing institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The authors have detailedly and systematically studied the carbon isotopic composition of Early Proterozoic carbonate rocks. Samples which are all dolomicrite were taken from the Jianancun, Daguandong and Huaiyincun Formations of the Hutuo Group in Wutai County Shanxi Province, North china. A total of 209 samples were analysed for their carbon isotope compositions, and the mean sampling interval was 6.9 m. Carbon isotope analysis clearly shows δ13C shifts at the boundary between the Jian'ancun Formation and Daguandong Formation and near the boundary between the Daguandong Formation and Huaiyincun Formation. Like carbon isotope shifts at the Cretaceous-Tertiary, Permian-Triassic and Precambrian-Cambrian boundaries, the discovery of δ13C shifts in the Early Proterozoic has important significance in further studies on Early Proterozoic biotic evolution, regional and global stratigraphic correlation, and carbon geochemical cycles.

关键词： carbon isotope shift Early Proterozoic carbonate strata