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Timing and history of marine hydrocarbon accumulation in tarim craton

Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第S1期47卷 120-127页

作者： ZHAO Jingzhou~(1,2) & LI Qiming~3.1. Department of Petroleum Geology, Xi’an Petroleum Institute, Xi’an 710065, China 2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083. China 3. tarim Oilfield Company, Kuerle, xinjiang 841000, China Department of Petroleum Geology Xi’an Petroleum Institute Xi’an China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing China tarim Oilfield Company Kuerle Xinjiang China

Based on the analyses of hydrocarbon inclu-sions, K-Ar dating of authigenic illites and oil/gas-watercontact retrospection as well as other methods, the marineprimary reservoirs in the cratonic region of the tarim basinare found to have been formed in the late Caledonian toearly Hercynian, late Hercynian, and Himalayan, and oil andgas adjusted and redistributed in the Yanshanian (Jurassic toCretaceous) and Himalayan (Tertiary). The analyses alsoshow that the remaining primary oil accumulations aremostly formed in the late Hercynian, and the secondary oilreservoirs resulted from the adjustment and redistribution ofthe earlier accumulations during the Yanshanian and Hima-layan (especially late Himalayan), of which the Himalayan isalso the major stage of gas accumulation. The primary oilreservoirs formed in the late Hercynian mostly occur withinthe Paleozoic formation, whereas the secondary reservoirsformed in the Himalayan in the Mesozoic. The late adjust-ment and redistribution of reservoirs in the craton region ofthe tarim basin is ubiquitous because of the intensified tec-tonic movements since the Mesozoic, especially Cenozoic andintrusion of the high- to over-mature gas. Furthermore, thelower amplitude of reservoirs in the craton region also makesthem easier to be adjusted and redistributed. Therefore, theremaining paleo-uplift and palaeo-slope developed in rela-tively stable tectonic regions are the main potential areas forthe middle-large marine reservoirs in the tarim basin.

关键词： tarim basin craton geochronology of hydrocarbon accumulation history of hydrocarbon accumulation marine reservoir primary reservoir secondary reservoir.

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A quantified study method and its application to sustainable management of water resources in arid basins

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第S1期 9-15页

作者： ZUO QiTing1,2, ZHOU KeFa1, XIA Jun3. CHEN Xi1 & WANG YongQin4 1 xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ürümqi 83.011, China 2 College of Environment and Water Conservancy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China 3.Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 4 xinjiang tarim river basin management bureau, korla 841000, China

According to the features of the basins in arid areas, in this paper a quantified study framework of sustainable management of water resources is developed, and the contents include mainly the quanti-fication rules, index system, basic models and quantification method. A quantified study method (M-D method) about sustainable management of water resources is put forward based on the simulation and integrative development degree. In the method, the fuzzy subordinatness description and the multi-rule integration are used to calculate the integrative development degree so as to quantitatively describe the sustainable development degree of economic society; the mathematical simulation is used to quantitatively describe the interactions between water resources, economic society and ecosystems so as to lay a foundation for quantitatively giving expression to the development situation of economic society related to the management of water resources; based on the organic combination of these two, quantification rules and other constraint conditions, a quantified model of water resources manage-ment is developed. The M-D method is applied to developing a scientific scheme of water resources management in the Bosten Lake basin, xinjiang, China.

关键词： sustainable management of water resources arid area drainage basin quantified study method integrative development degree (DD)

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Research on runoff forecast approaches to the Aksu river basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第S1期 16-25页

作者： OUYANG RuLin1,2, CHENG WeiMing1, WANG WeiSheng3. JIANG Yan1, ZHANG YiChi1 & WANG YongQin4 1 State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Re-sources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2 Department of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China 3.xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ürümqi 83.011, China 4 xinjiang tarim river basin management bureau, korla 841000, China

The Aksu river (the international river between China and Kirghiz) has become the main water source for the tarim river. It significantly influences the tarim river's formation, development and evolution. Along with the western region development strategy and the tarim river basin comprehensive devel-opment and implementation, the research is now focused on the Aksu river basin hydrologic charac-teristic and hydrologic forecast. Moreover, the Aksu river is representative of rivers supplied with gla-cier and snow melt in middle-high altitude arid district. As a result, the research on predicting the river flow of the Aksu river basin has theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, considering the limited hydrometeorological data for the Aksu river basin, we have constructed four hydrologic forecast approaches using the daily scale to simulate and forecast daily runoff of two big branches of the Aksu river basin. The four approaches are the upper air temperature and the daily runoff correlation method, AR(p) runoff forecast model, temperature and precipitation revised AR(p) model and the NAM rainfall-runoff model. After comparatively analyzing the simulation results of the four approaches, we discovered that the temperature and precipitation revised AR(p) model, which needs less hydrological and meteorological data and is more predictive, is suitable for the short-term runoff forecast of the Aksu river basin. This research not only offers a foundation for the Aksu river and tarim rivers' hydrologic forecast, flood prevention, control and the entire basin water collocation, but also provides the hydrologic forecast reference approach for other arid ungauged basins.

关键词： the Aksu river ungauged basins daily runoff forecast model

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Study on snowmelt runoff simulation in the Kaidu river basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第S1期 26-35页

作者： ZHANG YiChi1, LI BaoLin1, BAO AnMing2, ZHOU ChengHu1, CHEN Xi2 & ZHANG XueRen3.1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2 xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences,ürümqi 83.011, China 3.xinjiang tarim {3. basin management bureau, korla 841000, China

Alpine snowmelt is an important generation mode for runoff in the source region of the tarim river basin, which covers four subbasins characterized by large area, sparse gauge stations, mixed runoff supplied by snowmelt and rainfall, and remarkably spatially heterogeneous precipitation. Taking the Kaidu river basin as a research area, this study analyzes the influence of these characteristics on the variables and parameters of the Snow Runoff Model and discusses the corresponding determination strategy to improve the accuracy of snowmelt simulation and forecast. The results show that: (i) The temperature controls the overall tendency of simulated runoff and is dominant to simulation accuracy, as the measured daily mean temperature cannot represent the average level of the same elevation in the basin and that directly inputting it to model leads to inaccurate simulations. Based on the analysis of remote sensing snow maps and simulation results, it is reasonable to approximate the mean temperature with 0.5 time daily maximum temperature. (ii) For the conflict between the limited gauge sta-tion and remarkably spatial heterogeneity of rainfall, it is not realistic to compute rainfall for each elevation zone. After the measured rainfall is multiplied by a proper coefficient and adjusted with runoff coefficient for rainfall, the measured rainfall data can satisfy the model demands. (iii) Adjusting time lag according to the variation of snowmelt and rainfall position can improve the simulation precision of the flood peak process. (iv) Along with temperature, the rainfall increases but cannot be completely monitored by limited gauge stations, which results in precision deterioration.

关键词： snowmelt runoff model (SRM) Kaidu river basin runoff simulation runoff coefficient for rainfall time lag

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Characteristics of Paleozoic clastic reservoirs and the relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tazhong area of the tarim basin, west China

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 192-200页

作者： Wang Zhaoming Liu Luofu Yang Haijun Wang Weili ZhangBaoshou Han Jianfa PetroChina tarim Oilfield Company Korla Xinjiang 841000 China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In order to predict favorable exploration areas of the Paleozoic, Carboniferous and Silurian clastic reservoirs in the Tazhong area of the tarim basin, west China, we studied the basic characteristics of Paleozoic clastic reservoirs in the Tazhong area based on a lot of data. Several issues about the hydrocarbon accumulation related to the reservoirs were also discussed. The results were concluded that： the high-value areas of the porosity and permeability of clastic reservoirs were located in the southeast of the Tazhong area; the content of cement （carbonate cement in particular） was the main factor controlling the porosity and permeability of clastic reservoirs; the hydrocarbon distributions of Carboniferous and Silurian clastic reservoirs were closely related to the porosity and permeability; the favorable hydrocarbon accumulation areas of the two sets of strata were located in the southeast of this area, especially in the updip pinch-out area.

关键词： Clastic reservoir Carboniferous Silurian Paleozoic hydrocarbon accumulation Tazhong area tarim basin

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Advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area, tarim basin

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 164-178页

作者： Zhou Xinyuan Pang Xiongqi Li Qiming Pang Hong Xiang Caifu Jiang Zhenxne Li Sumei Liu Luofu tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China

Located in the middle of the tarim basin, Tazhong is a typical area of compound reservoirs rich in oil and gas found in the Carboniferous, Silurian and Ordovician strata. The proved, probable and possible reserves （3. reserves） in the area amount to 5×108 tons, so it is of great significance to study the advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area. On the basis of exploration history and analysis of scientific problems, we outline eight achievements： distribution characteristics of reservoirs, stages of reservoir formation, different sources of oil and gas and their respective contributions, the effective regional caprock and reservoir-caprock combinations dominating the vertical distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs, the control of the Tazhong Palaeo-uplift on reservoir formation and establishing geologic models, structure balance belts influencing the reconstruction and residual potential of reservoirs after accumulation, the rules and mechanisms of fractures controlling oil and gas, and the types of favorable reservoirs and their characteristics of controlling oil and gas distribution. We further point out the main problems about the oil and gas exploration in the Tazhong area and put forward some relevant proposals.

关键词： tarim basin petroleum geology and exploration controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation rules of hydrocarbon accumulation

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Hydrocarbon enrichment characteristics and difference analysis in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the tarim basin

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 201-210页

作者： Jiang Zhenxue Pang Xiongqi Yang Haijun Li Zhuo Xiang Caifu Gu Qiaoyuan State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China basin and ReservoirResearch Center China University＂ of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Exploration and Development Institute of the tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The reservoirs in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the tarim basin are complex, and the hydrocarbon enrichment shows differences. The three Carboniferous oil layers are characterized by ＂oil in the upper and lower layers and gas in the middle＂ in profile and ＂oil in the west and gas in the east＂ in plane view. In order to discuss the complex reservoir accumulation mechanisms, based on the petroleum geology and reservoir distribution, we studied the generation history of source rocks, the fault evolution and sealing, the accumulation periods and gas washing, and reconstructed the accumulation process of the TZ1-TZ4 well block. It is concluded that the hydrocarbon enrichment differences of oil layers CIII, CII and CI were caused by multiple sources and multi-period hydrocarbon charging and adjustment. The CII was closely related to CIII, but CI was formed by reservoir adjustment during the Yanshan period and was not affected by gas washing after it was formed. During the Himalayan period, different degrees of gas washing in the east and west led to hydrocarbon enrichment differences on the plane. The Carboniferous accumulation process of two-stage charging and one-stage adjustment is summarized： oil charging during the late Hercynian period is the first accumulation period of CIII and CII; oil reservoirs were adjusted into CI in the Yanshan period; finally gas washing in the Himalayan period is the second accumulation period of CIII and CII, but CI was not affected by gas washing. This complex accumulation process leads to the hydrocarbon enrichment differences in the TZ1-TZ4 well block.

关键词： tarim basin enrichment difference multi-source and multi-period charging accumulation process

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塔北隆起井下巴楚组及东河砂岩段的时代

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新疆石油地质 1996年第4期17卷 358-363页

作者：邹义声塔里木石油勘探指挥部勘探开发研究中心

通过塔北隆起井下巴楚组与地面巴楚组建立对比关系，认为井下巴楚组三层序的时代为早石炭世杜内期，相当于地面巴楚组上段至卡拉沙依组全部和小海子组底部，而地面巴楚组时代为早石炭世杜内期早期；东河砂岩段应归属上泥盆统。

关键词：塔里木盆地塔北隆起石炭纪砂岩段地层对比

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Borehole stability in naturally fractured reservoirs luring production tests

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Petroleum Science 2008年第3期5卷 247-250页

作者： Zhang Fuxiang Zhang Shaoli Jiang Xuehai Lu Rende Chen Mian tarim Oil Field Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 834000 China PetroChina Company Limited Beijing 100011 China School of Petrnleuln Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Based on the plane of weakness theory, a model for predicting borehole stability in fractured reservoirs under different stress states was estiblisted and the equations for solving borehole stability were developed. The minimum downhole pressures required to maintain borehole stability under different natural fracture occurrences were calculated by using the data from a well in the Tazhong （central tarim） area, tarim basin, west China. Several conclusions were drawn for naturally fractured reservoirs with a dip angle from less than 10° to greater than 3.°. Application in three wells in the Tazhong area indicates that this model is practically useful.

关键词： Production test fractured reservoir borehole stability fracture dip azimuth of fracture

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Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation along the fault intersection zone-a case study on the reef-flat systems of the No.1 slope break zone in the Tazhong area, tarim basin

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 211-225页

作者： Xiang Caifu Pang Xiongqi Yang Wenjing Wang Jianzhong LiQiming Liu Luofu Li Yanqun State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China basin and Reservoir Research Center School of Natural Resources and Information Technology China University ofPetroleum Beijing 102249 China PetroChina tarim Oilfield Company Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

Understanding hydrocarbon migration and accumulation mechanisms is one of the key scientif ic problems that should be solved for effective hydrocarbon exploration in the superimposed basins developed in northwest China. The northwest striking No.1 slope break zone, which is a representative of superimposed basins in the tarim basin, can be divided into five parts due to the intersection of the northeast strike-slip faults. Controlled by the tectonic framework, the types and properties of reservoirs and the hydrocarbon compositions can also be divided into five parts from east to west. Anomalies of all the parameters were found on the fault intersection zone and weakened up-dip along the structural ridge away from it. Thus, it can be inferred that the intersection zone is the hydrocarbon charging position. This new conclusion differs greatly from the traditional viewpoint, which believes that the hydrocarbon migrates and accumulates along the whole plane of the No.1 slope break zone. The viewpoint is further supported by the evidence from the theory of main pathway systems, obvious improvement of the reservoir quality （2-3.orders of magnitude at the intersection zone） and the formation mechanisms of the fault intersection zone. Differential hydrocarbon migration and entrapment exists in and around the strike- slip faults. This is controlled by the internal structure of faults. It is concluded that the more complicated the fault structure is, the more significant the effects will be. If there is a deformation band, it will hinder the cross fault migration due to the common feature of two to four orders of magnitude reduction in permeability. Otherwise, hydrocarbons tend to accumulate in the up-dip structure under the control of buoyancy. Further research on the internal fault structure should be emphasized.

关键词： Geologic chromatographic effect fault intersection zone differential hydrocarbon migration and accumulation superimposed basin Tazhong area tarim basin

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