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Quantitative studies of hydrocarbon loss of the Silurian bitumen sandstone in the Tarim Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 101-107页

作者： JIANG ZhenXue1,2,PANG XiongQi1,2,LIU LuoFu1,2,WANG XianDong3,ZHANG Jun4 & LI HongYi1,2 1 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 2 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 3 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd,Daqing 163712,china 4 petroleum Exploration and Production Institute of SINOPEC,beijing 100083,china Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd Daqing China petroleum Exploration and Production Institute of SINOPEC Beijing China

The evolution of Tarim Basin experienced several tectonic movements,of which Caledonian movement caused a serious damage to reservoirs of Silurian. The earlier reservoirs size and the later hydrocarbon loss are two key factors to exploration prospect of Silurian. On the basis of net thickness of bituminous sandstone and recovery coefficient of crude oil converting to bitumen,the scale of the hydrocarbon loss of palaeo-accumulation in bitumen sandstone of Silurian was calculated (86.30×108t). The deter-mination of net thickness of bitumen sandstone was completed mainly by several methods,such as physical property demarcation,observing lithology,grains with oil inclusion (GOI) technology,and quantitative grains fluorescence (QGF) technology. The samples of black sandstone and white sand-stone were collected and compared by means of the methods mentioned above. The results showed that there was little hydrocarbon,or none,in the white sandstone. The recovery coefficient was ob-tained by the analyses of plentiful physical parameters of crude oil and bitumen sandstone,based on the hypothesis that nonhydrocarbon compounds and bitumen were invariable in the process of bitu-men forming. The calculated result,which is more scientific and actual,indicates the exploration pros-pect is more promising in Silurian of the Tarim Basin.

关键词： Tarim Basin Silurian bitumen sandstone hydrocarbon loss quantitative research recovery coefficient

Experimental study of gas-water elongated bubble flow during production logging

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petroleum Science 2011年第2期8卷 157-162页

作者： Lu Jing Wu Xiling Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In order to improve the interpretation of production log data on gas-water elongated bubble （EB） flow in horizontal wells, a multi-phase flow simulation device was set up to conduct a series of measurement experiments using air and tap water as test media, which were measured using a real production logging tool （PLT） string at different deviations and in different mixed flow states. By understanding the characteristics and mechanisms of gas-water EB flow in transparent experimental boreholes during production logging, combined with an analysis of the production log response characteristics and experimental production logging flow pattern maps, a method for flow pattern identification relying on log responses and a drift-flux model were proposed for gas-water EB flow. This model, built upon experimental data of EB flow, reveals physical mechanisms of gas-water EB flow during measurement processing. The coefficients it contains are the specific values under experimental conditions and with the PLT string used in our experiments. These coefficients also reveal the interference with original downhole flow patterns by the PLT string. Due to the representativeness that our simulated flow experiments and PLT string possess, the model coefficients can be applied as empirical values of logging interpretation model parameters directly to real production logging data interpretation, when the measurement circumstances and PLT strings are similar.

关键词： Horizontal wells elongated bubble flow flow patterns identification drift-flux model,logging interpretation model

Synthesis of AIMCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves with high stability

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petroleum Science 2008年第2期5卷 163-166页

作者： Liu Baijun Wang Hui Key Laboratory of Catalysis China National Petroleum Corporation China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Mesoporous molecular sieves AIMCM-41 were synthesized by static hydrothermal crystallization using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as template, water glass as silica source and pseudoboehmite as aluminum source. The XRD results showed that the prepared AlMCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves had high relative crystallinity and long-range order. The relative crystallinity was greater than 27% after calcination at 900 ℃ for 2 hours and was still greater than 14% after ageing in steam at 800 ℃ for 2 hours. The results indicated that both thermal and hydrothermal stabilities of the mesoporous molecular sieves AIMCM-41 were good.

关键词： Pseudo-boehmite hydrothermal stability synthesis AIMCM-41 thermal stability hydrothermal

Effect of regularization parameters on geophysical reconstruction

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petroleum Science 2009年第2期6卷 119-126页

作者： Zhou Hui Wang Zhaolei Qiu Dongling Li Guofa Shen Jinsong State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory of CNPC Geophysical Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Research Institute Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting Hebei 072751 China china university of petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In this paper we discuss the edge-preserving regularization method in the reconstruction of physical parameters from geophysical data such as seismic and ground-penetrating radar data. In the regularization method a potential function of model parameters and its corresponding functions are introduced. This method is stable and able to preserve boundaries, and protect resolution. The effect of regularization depends to a great extent on the suitable choice of regularization parameters. The influence of the edge-preserving parameters on the reconstruction results is investigated and the relationship between the regularization parameters and the error of data is described.

关键词： Geophysical data inversion error of data regularization regularization parameters

2.5-D modeling of cross-hole electromagnetic measurement by nite element method

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petroleum Science 2008年第2期5卷 126-134页

作者： Shen Jinsong Sun Wenbo Department of Geophysics School of Resources and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China CNPC Key Lab of Geophysical Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

A finite element method is developed for simulating frequency domain electromagnetic responses due to a dipole source in the 2-D conductive structures. Computing costs are considerably minimized by reducing the full three-dimensional problem to a series of two-dimensional problems. This is accomplished by transforming the problem into y-wave number （Ky） domain using Fourier transform and the y-axis is parallel to the structural strike. In the Ky domain, two coupled partial differential equations for magnetic field Hy and electric field Ey are derived. For a specific value of Ky, the coupled equations are solved by the finite element method with isoparametric elements in the x-z plane. Application of the inverse Fourier transform to the Ky, domain provides the electric and magnetic fields in real space. The equations derived can be applied to general complex two-dimensional structures containing either electric or magnetic dipole source in any direction. In the modeling of the electromagnetic measurement, we adopted a pseudo-delta function to distribute the dipole source current and circumvent the problem of singularity at the source point. Moreover, the suggested method used isoparametric finite elements to accommodate the complex subsurface formation. For the large scale linear system derived from the discretization of the Maxwell＇s equations, several iterative solvers were used and compared to select the optimal one. A quantitative test of accuracy was presented which compared the finite element results with analytic solutions for a dipole source in homogeneous space for different ranges and different wave numbers Ky. to validate the addressed the effects of the distribution range τ of the homogeneous medium. code and check its effectiveness. In addition, we pseudo-delta function on the numerical results in

关键词： 2.5-D electromagnetic modeling frequency domain isoparametric finite element pseudo-delta function

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE MICROBIAL FLOODING

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2003年第4期15卷 104-108页

作者： Lei Guang-lun, Zhang Zhong-zhi, Chen Yue-ming Faculty of Chemical Engineering, university of petroleum, beijing 102249, china Faculty of Chem. Eng. Univ. of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

On the basis of growth kinetics of microorganism and the principle ofmaterial balance, equations were derived to describe microbial growth, nutrient consumption,metabolites production and their transport in formation. The changes in porosity, permeability, oilviscosity and capillary force were also described as the main facturs of microbial flooding. Forreservoirs with black oil properties, three-dimensional three-phase mathematical models with thecosidara-tion of multi-microbial components were established to depict microbial flooding oil. Withthis model, calculated results are in good agreement with experimental data.

关键词： microbial flooding enhance oil recovery mathematical model

Study on forward modeling of through-casing resistivity logging

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 207-211页

作者： GAO Jie1,LIU FuPing2,BAO DeZhou3,CHENG Xi3 & ZHANG YuLing4 1 china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 2 beijing Institute of Graphic Communication,beijing 102600,china 3 china petroleum Logging CO. LTD.,Xi’an 710021,china 4 china National Logging Corporation,beijing 100101,china china university of petroleum Beijing China beijing Institute of Graphic Communication Beijing China china petroleum Logging CO. LTD. Xi’an China china National Logging Corporation Beijing China

Through-casing resistivity logging (TCRL) is a new kind of logging method for formation evaluation,reservoir monitoring and saturation changes tracking. In this paper,the basic principle of TCRL is de-tailed,and the modified transmission line equation method (MTLEM) is first proposed in china. The MTLEM has been employed to simulate the responses of TCRL,on the basis of which,the effects of formation resistivity,cement and casing on the responses of TCRL are analyzed,and the signals in-duced in different formations are also calculated,which can help the design of TCRL tool and data processing and interpretation in china.

关键词： through-casing resistivity logging (TCRL) modified transmission line equation method (MTLEM) casing cement sheath

Formation mechanisms of heavy oils in the Liaohe Western Depression,Bohai Gulf Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 156-169页

作者： LI SuMei1,2,PANG XiongQi1,2,LIU KeYu3,GAO XianZhi1,2,LI XiaoGuang4,CHEN ZhenYan4 & LIU BaoHong41 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china university of Petroleam,beijing 102249,china 2 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 3 CSIRO petroleum,P.O. Box 1130,Bentley WA 6102,Australia 4 Liaohe Oilfield Co. Ltd,Petrochina,Panjin 124010,china State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleam Beijing China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing China CSIRO petroleum Bentley Australia Liaohe Oilfield Co. Ltd PetroChina Panjin China

The Liaohe Oilfield in the Liaohe Western Depression of the Bohai Gulf Basin is the third-largest oil producing province and the largest heavy oil producing oilfield in china. A total of 65 oil samples,35 rock samples and 36 reservoir sandstone samples were collected and analyzed utilizing conventional geochemical and biogeochemical approaches to unravel the mechanisms of the formation of the heavy oils. Investigation of the oils with the lowest maturity compared with the oils in the Gaosheng and Niuxintuo oilfields indicates no apparent relation between the maturity and physical properties of the heavy oils. It is suggested that the heavy oil with primary origin is not likely the main mechanism re-sponsible for the majority of the heavy oils in the Liaohe Western Slope. The absence and/or depletion of n-alkanes etc.,with relatively low molecular weight and the occurrence of 25-norhopane series in the heavy oils as well as the relatively high acidity of the oils all suggest that the majority of the heavy oils once experienced secondary alteration. The fingerprints of the total scanning fluorescence (TSF) of the inner adsorbed hydrocarbons on the reservoir grains and the included hydrocarbons in fluid inclusions are similar to that of the normal oils in the area but are different from the outer adsorbed and reser-voired free oils at present,further indicating that most of the heavy oils are secondary in origin. Analyses of bacteria (microbes) in 7 oil samples indicate that anaerobic and hyperthermophilic Ar-chaeoglobus sp. are the dominant microbes relevant to oil biodegradation,which coincides with the shallow commercial gas reservoirs containing anaerobic bacteria derived gas in the Gaosheng and Leijia teotonic belts. The biodegradation most likely occurs at the water/oil interface,where the forma-tion water is essential for microbe removal and nutrient transportation. We think that biodegradation,water washing and oxidization are interrelated and are the main mech

关键词： heavy oil Liaohe Western Depression biodegradation water washing formation mechanism

A local f-x Cadzow method for noise reduction of seismic data obtained in complex formations

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petroleum Science 2011年第3期8卷 269-277页

作者： Yuan Sanyi Wang Shangxu State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

A noise-reduction method with sliding called the local f-x Cadzow noise-reduction method, windows in the frequency-space （f-x） domain, is presented in this paper. This method is based on the assumption that the signal in each window is linearly predictable in the spatial direction while the random noise is not. For each Toeplitz matrix constructed by constant frequency slice, a singular value decomposition （SVD） is applied to separate signal from noise. To avoid edge artifacts caused by zero percent overlap between windows and to remove more noise, an appropriate overlap is adopted. Besides flat and dipping events, this method can enhance curved and conflicting events. However, it is not suitable for seismic data that contains big spikes or null traces. It is also compared with the SVD, f-x deconvolution, and Cadzow method without windows. The comparison results show that the local Cadzow method performs well in removing random noise and preserving signal. In addition, a real data example proves that it is a potential noise-reduction technique for seismic data obtained in areas of complex formations.

关键词： Cadzow sliding window noise reduction fidelity complex formations Toeplitz matrix,singular value decomposition