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Geochemical characteristics and origin of gases from the Upper,Lower Paleozoic and the Mesozoic reservoirs in the Ordos Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 183-194页

作者： HU AnPing 1 ,Li Jian 2 ,ZHANG WenZheng 3 ,LI ZhiSheng 2 ,HOU Lu 4 &LIU QuanYou 5 1 Department of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang university,Hangzhou 310027,china 2 Langfang Branch,Reasearch Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development,Petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3 Institute of Exploration and Development,Petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710021,china 4 university of petroleum,beijing102249,china 5 Petrochina Research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development,beijing 100083,china Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Langfang Branch Reasearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang China Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an China university of petroleum Beijing China Petrochina Research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing China

The Ordos Basin,the second largest sedimentary basin in china,contains the broad distribution of natural gas *** far,several giant gas fields have been discovered in the Upper and Lower Paleozoic in this basin,each having over 1000×10 8 m 3 of proven gas reserves,and several gas pools have also been discovered in the *** paper collected the data of natural gases and elucidated the geochemical characteristics of gases from different reservoirs,and then discussed their *** hydrocarbons preserved in the Upper Paleozoic,the elevatedδ13C values of methane,ethane and propane indicate that the gases would be mainly coal-formed gases;the singular reversal in the stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes suggests the mixed gases from humic sources with different *** the Lower Paleozoic,theδ13C 1 values are mostly similar with those in the Upper Paleozoic,but theδ13C 2 andδ13C 3 values are slightly lighter,suggesting that the gases would be mixing of coal-type gases as a main member and oil-type *** are multiple reversals in carbon isotopes for gaseous alkanes,especially abnormal reversal for methane and ethane(i.e.δ13C 1 >δ13C 2 ),inferring that gases would be mixed between high-mature coal-formed gases and oil-type *** the Mesozoic,the δ13Cvalues for gaseous alkanes are enriched in 12C,indicating that the gases are mainly derived from sapropelic sources;the carbon isotopic reversal for propane and butane in the Mesozoic is caused by microbial oxidation and mixing of gases from sapropelic sources with different *** contrast to the Upper Paleozoic gases,the Mesozoic gases are characterized by heavier carbon isotopes of iso-butane than normal butane,which may be caused by gases generated from different kerogen types. Finally,according toδ13C 1 -Ro relationship and extremely low total organic carbon contents,the Low Paleozoic gases would not be generated from the Ordovician source as a main gas source,bycontrast, the Upper Pale

关键词： Ordos Basin natural gas chemical composition carbon isotope genesis

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Characteristics and genetic mechanism of deep-buried clastic eureservoir in china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 11-19页

作者： ZHONG DaKang & ZHU XiaoMin china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china china university of petroleum Beijing China

Systematic researches to the clastic reservoirs in various types and various geological ages basins in china indicate that the present burial depth of deep buried clastic eureservoir ranges from 3000 to 6000 m,and its geological ages from Paleozoic,Mesozoic to Cenozoic. It mainly deposited in delta (including braid delta,fan delta,normal delta),river,also shore,shallow lake,gravity flow channel and turbidity fan facies. The quartzose sandstone is the main reservoir rock of deep-buried clastic eureservoir in the shore facies in Paleozoic,but the arenite and arkose sandstones are the main reservoir rock types in delta,river,shallow lake and gravity flow facies in Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The porosity of most of deep-buried clastic eureservoir is more than 10% and permeability more than 10×10?3 μm2. The forma-tion of the deep-buried eureservoir was related to the paleotectonics,paleotemperature,sedimentary environment,the deep dissolution caused by organic acid or carbonic acid,burial style,the abnormal high pore fluid pressure,early hydrocarbon charging,gyprock sealing,hot convective fluid flow and the mode of sand-mud interbedded,etc. The paleotectonics controls the burial style of sandstones,and the paleotemperature controls the diagenesis process. The sedimentary environment is the precondi-tion and foundation,the dissolution is the direct reason to generate the deep buried clastic eureservoir. The abnormal high pore fluid pressure,gyprock sealing,the mode of sand-mud interbedded,early hy-drocarbon charging and the structure fractures were the assistant factors of generating the deep buried clastic eureservoir.

关键词： deep buried clastic eureservoir characteristics genetic mechanism controlling factors

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Study on attribute characterization for reservoir dynamic monitoring by seismic

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 218-225页

作者： CHEN XiaoHong1,3,LI JingYe2,3 & ZHAO Wei4 1 Key Lab of Geophysical Exploration of CNPC,china petroleum university,beijing 102249,china 2 Basin & Reservoir Research Center,china petroleum university,beijing 102249,china 3 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 4 Research Center of CNOOC,beijing 100027,china Key Lab of Geophysical Exploration of CNPC China Petroleum University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China Basin & Reservoir Research Center China Petroleum University Beijing China Research Center of CNOOC Beijing China

Study on characterizing reservoir parameters dynamic variations by time-lapse seismic attributes is the theoretical basis for effectively distinguishing reservoir parameters variations and conducting time-lapse seismic interpretation,and it is also a key step for time-lapse seismic application in real oil fields. Based on the rock physical model of unconsolidated sandstone,the different effects of oil saturation and effective pressure variations on seismic P-wave and S-wave velocities are calculated and analyzed. Using numerical simulation on decoupled wave equations,the responses of seismic amplitude with different offsets to reservoir oil saturation variations are analyzed,pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes differences for oil saturation and effective pressure variations of P-P wave and P-S converted wave are calculated,and time-lapse seismic AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) response rules of P-P wave and P-S converted wave to effective pressure and oil saturation variations are compared. The theoretical modeling study shows that it is feasible to distinguish different reservoir parameters dynamic variations by pre-stack time-lapse seismic information,including pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes and AVO information,which has great potential in improving time-lapse seismic interpreta-tion precision. It also shows that the time-lapse seismic response mechanism study on objective oil fields is especially important in establishing effective time-lapse seismic data process and interpreta-tion scheme.

关键词： time-lapse seismic dynamic monitoring rock physical model pre-stack attribute Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO)

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Characteristics of fluid substitution in porous rocks

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petroleum Science 2009年第2期6卷 139-145页

作者： Li Shengjie School of Resource and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory of CNPC Geophysical Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Analysis of the effect of changes in fluid properties of rocks on the compressional-wave velocity VP and shear-wave velocity Vs is very important for understanding the rock physical properties, especially in oilfield exploration and development. The fluid substitution process was analyzed by using ultrasonic measurement and theoretical calculations. The results showed that the effect of fluid substitution on the rock elastic modulus was mainly controlled by fluid properties, saturation, and confining pressure. For a rock with specific properties and porosity, the result of theoretical prediction for fluid substitution accorded with the experimental result under high confining pressure （higher than 60 MPa for our experimental data）, but failed to describe the trend of experimental result under low confining pressure and VP predicted by Gassmann＇s equation was higher than that measured by experiment. A higher porosity resulted in stronger sensitivity of the bulk modulus of saturated rocks to the change of fluid properties.

关键词： Fluid substitution velocity bulk modulus porosity saturation

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Multi-level decollement zones and detachment deformation of Longmenshan thrust belt,Sichuan Basin,southwest china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 32-43页

作者： TANG LiangJie1,2,3,YANG KeMing4,JIN WenZheng1,2,3,L ZhiZhou4 & YU YiXin1,2,3 1 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 2 Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism,china university of petroleum,Ministry of Education,beijing 102249,china 3 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 4 Southwest Division Company,SINOPEC,Chengdu 610081,china State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism China University of Petroleum Ministry of Education Beijing China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing China Southwest Division Company SINOPEC Chengdu China

As is well known that many decollement layers were developed in the Longmenshan thrust belt,Si-chuan Basin,china. Through field investigation,explanation of seismic profiles and analysis of the balanced sections,we can divide the decollement zones into 3 categories: (1) the deep level decolle-ment zones,including the crust-mantle decollement layer,intracrustal decollement layer,and presinian basal decollement layer. The main structural styles of their deformation are the crust-mantle decoup-ling detachment deformation,the basal ductile shear deformation,etc.; (2) the middle level decollement zones,including the Cambrian-Ordovician decollement layer,the Silurian decollement layer,etc.,the main structural styles of their deformation are the isopachous fold,the angular fold,the saddle struc-ture,and the combination styles of them; and (3) the shallow level decollement zones,including the Xujiahe Formation decollement layer of Upper Triassic and the Jurassic decollement layers,the main structural styles of their deformation are the thrust-nappe tectonic,the pop-up,the triangle zone ,the duplex,etc. Multi-level decollement zones not only made the Longmenshan thrust belt develop many different deformation styles from deep place to shallow place,but also made some local areas have the superimposition of the tectonic deformation apparently. This study indicates that the multi-level de-collement zones have a very important effect on the shaping and evolution of the Longmenshan thrust belt.

关键词： decollement layer structural styles multi-level decollement zones Longmenshan thrust belt

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A PHYSICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE PRESSURE DROP OF GAS-LIQUID SLUG FLOW IN HORIZONTAL PIPES

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2007年第6期19卷 736-742页

作者： LI Guo-zhen YAO Yue-dong DONG Shou-ping Faculty of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering China University of Petroleum （Beijing） Beijing 102249 China CMOE Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum （Beijing） Beijing 102249China Faculty of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering China University of Petroleum （Beijing） Beijing 102249China

A comprehensive treatment of all sources of pressure drop within intermittent gas-liquid flow is presented. A slug unit is divided into three parts and the pressure gradient of each part is calculated separately. In the mixing zone the momentum theory is employed and the mixing process between the film and slug is simulated by a two-dimensional wall jet entering a large reservoir to calculate the mixing length. The boundary layer theory is utilized to calculate the pressure drop for the slug body and the momentum equation of the film zone is integrated to calculate the pressure drop for the film zone. The pressure drop predicted in present model is in good agreement with all the measurements.

关键词： slug flow gas-liquid flow pressure drop,physical model

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Numerical experiments for the conductive properties of saturated rock

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 174-180页

作者： YUE WenZheng & TAO Guo State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China

The reservoir evaluation as a key technology in oil exploration and production is based on the electrical transport property (ETP) of saturated rock that is described in a mathematical form with Arhcie’s equa-tion. But there have been increasing cases observed in many researches indicating that the ETP is non-Archie especially for the complex reservoir with low porosity and permeability. In this paper,the numerical experiments based on the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) have been employed to study the effect of porous structure and fluids on the ETP for revealing the nature of non-Archie phenomenon in micro-scale. The results of numerical experiments have proved that the saturation exponent n is a function of water saturation and porosity instead of being a constant in Archie’s equation. And then,a new formula has been developed for the EPT through combining the result of numerical simulation with that of laboratory measurements. The calculations from the new formula show very good agreement with laboratory measurements to demonstrate the efficiency of the new formula over the conventional methods in non-Archie rock.

关键词： electrical transport property non-Archie phenomenon fluid saturation porous media Lattice Boltzmann method

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Wave characteristics and tectonic-sedimentation evolution of foreland thrust fault of Micang Mountain

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 70-77页

作者： LI RuFeng1,2,3,GUO TongLou4,CHEN GuoFei1 & ZHANG GangXiong1 1 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 2 Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism,china university of petroleum,Ministry of Education,beijing 102249,china 3 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 4 SINOPEC Southern E & P Company,Chengdu 610041,china State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism China University of Petroleum Ministry of Education Beijing China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing China SINOPEC Southern E & P Company Chengdu China

In this paper,the technology of wave process method for sedimentation is first adopted in the research of the foreland thrust fault of Micang Mountain with respect of oil and reservoir’s formation and tectonic and sedimentary evolution. From the fluctuation characteristics,we could make conclusions in the foreland thrust belt of Micang Mountain that,there existed 2 first-order sedimentary cycles (220 Ma),corresponding to Caledonian-Hercynian and Indo-Chinese-Yanshan-Himalayan tectonic cycles respec-tively; there existed 4 second-order sedimentary cycles (10 Ma),corresponding to two sedimentation peak period and two denudation peak periods in research zone; there existed 12 third-order sedimen-tary cycles (35 Ma) and 21 fourth-sedimentary cycles (20 Ma). These 33 cycles in the research zone corresponded to the sedimentation-denudation process in different periods,furthermore,their fluctua-tion characteristics bore the genetic relationship with the development law of source,reservoir and cap rocks: the source rock had the tendency to develop at the turning part between wave crest and wave trough,or at the superposition of wave turning part in different periods,presenting like "X"; most res-ervoir rocks developed at the place of wave peak; the development of cap rock was located in the wave trough on the right of sedimentation-denudation datum line. As a result,through the application of wave process method for sedimentation,we could rediscover the understanding of the tectonic and sedimentary evolution from another prospective,meanwhile,it enables to make prediction about the development rule of source,reservoir and cap rocks,which means a significant importance to the re-search of oil and reservoir’s forming condition.

关键词： foreland thrust belt of Micang Mountain sedimentation wave process wave cycle tectonic and sedimentary evolution forming condition

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Designing Drill-in Fluids by Using Ideal Packing Technique

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petroleum Science 2007年第2期4卷 44-51页

作者： Feng Wenqiang and Yan Jienian (School of petroleum Engineering, china university of petroleum, beijing 102249, china) china Univ Petr Sch Petr Engn Beijing 102249 Peoples R China

Selecting bridging agents properly is a critical factor in designing non-damaging or low-damaging drill-in fluids. Historically, Abrams' rule has been used for this purpose. However, Abrams' rule only addresses the size of particle required to initiate a bridge. The rule does not give an optimum size nor an ideal packing sequence for minimizing fluid invasion and optimizing sealing. This paper elaborates an ideal packing approach to solving the sealing problem by sealing pores with different sizes, especially those large pores which usually make dominant contribution to permeability and thereby effectively preventing the solids and filtrate of drill-in fluids from invading into formations, compared with the conventionally used techniques. Practical software has been developed to optimize the blending proportion of several bridging agents, so as to achieve ideal packing effectiveness. The method and its use in selecting the best blending proportion of several bridging agents are also discussed in this paper. A carefully designed drill-in fluid by using the ideal packing technique (named the IPT fluid) for offshore drilling operations at the Weizhou Oilfield, Nanhai West Company, CNOOC is presented. The near 100% return permeabilities from the dynamic damage tests using reservoir cores demonstrated the excellent bridging effect provided by this drill-in fluid.

关键词： Drill-in fluid particle size distribution ideal packing theory dynamic damage test formation damage control

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Affinities and functional morphology of the Middle Cambrian ornamented tubules from West Hunan,china

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2004年第10期14卷 67-71页

作者： ZHU Caifa 1,2 and DONG Xiping 1 (1.School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking university,beijing100871,china 2.university of petroleum,beijing102249,china) Sch. of Earth and Space Sci. Peking Univ. Beijing 100871 China Univ. of petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Problematic phosphatic tubular microfossils with ornamented sculptures are documented to exist in limestones of the up-per Middle Cambrian Huaqiao Formation at the Paibi section and the Wangcun section in West Hunan,*** morphological pat-terns,including Ornamented Tube Form I and Ornamented Tube Form II are *** on the analysis of the preservation,wall structure and composition of the fossils,it is deduced that these ornamented tubes may represent carapace spines of some Cambrian arthro-pods with phosphatic carapaces,such as bradoriid *** of functional morphology indicates that the sclerites may rather be considered of a defensive than grasping function on the original organism body.

关键词： Middle Cambrian ornamented tubes affinities functional morphology West Hunan

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