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Response of remotely sensed Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index to the 2006 Drought of eastern Sichuan Basin

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Science china Earth sciences 2008年第5期51卷 748-758页

作者： ZHANG WenJiang1, LU QiFeng2, GAO ZhiQiang3 & PENG Jian4 1 school of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan university, Chengdu 610065, china 2 National Satellite Meteorological Center, china Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, china 3 Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china 4 school of environmental sciences, peking university, beijing 100871, china school of Water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan University Chengdu China National Statellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China school of environmental sciences Peking University Beijing China

One of the most serious droughts in last century occurred in eastern Sichuan Basin in the summer of 2006 (hereinafter called the Drought). The response of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, boarding on NASA satellites of Terra and Aqua) to the Drought was analyzed in order to reach one practicable monitoring solution for regional soil moisture. Temporal process and spatial extension of the Drought were firstly estimated with ground meteorological and hydrological observations. Then, for the whole region of Sichuan and Chongqing, the remotely sensed Normalized Difference Water In- dex (NDWI) for the summers of 2001―2006 were calculated based on 8-day composite MODIS products, which were further used to construct a new water index (Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index, NDWDI) to examine the sensitivity of remote sensing in the Drought. The study showed that the NDWDI is more sensitive to regional drought than other absolute-soil-moisture-based indices. With the new index, the study extracted the spatial-temporal characteristics of the 2006 Drought, and explored its developing and withdrawing processes, which agreed with related statistics. Compared with ground method of drought observation, the NDWDI-based remote sensing solution of this paper is more pref- erable and practicable in that the local soil properties of water consumption and supply are implicitly taken into account, and the spatial representativity limit of ground observation is circumvented to a degree as satellite remotely senses the earth surface in a way of two-dimensional pixel matrix. So, the NDWDI-based method can be used to monitor regional soil water stress situation more practically and efficiently.

关键词： Sichuan Basin drought Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index response of remote sensing regional scale

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INFINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE EXTERIOR PROBLEMS OF THE HELMHOLTZ EQUATIONS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2000年第6期18卷 657-672页

作者： Lung-an Ying (school of Mathematical sciences, peking university, beijing 100871, china) 北京大学北京 100871

There are two cases of the exterior problems of the Helmholtz equation. If λ ≥ 0 the bilinear form is coercive, and if λ < 0 it is the scattering problem. We give a new approach of the infinite element method, which enables us to solve these exterior problems as well as corner problems. A numerical example of the scattering problem is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Helmholtz equation exterior problem infinite element method

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Hausdorff dimension of Julia set of a polynomial with a Siegel disk

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Science china Mathematics 2006年第9期49卷 1284-1296页

作者： SHEN Liang LMAM, school of Mathematical sciences, peking university, beijing 100871, china LMAM School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Beijing China

Let f(z) = e2πiθz(1+z/d)d,θ∈R\Q be a polynomial. Ifθis an irrational number of bounded type, it is easy to see that f(z) has a Siegel disk centered at 0. In this paper, we will show that the Hausdorff dimension o... 详细信息

关键词： Hausdorff dimension Siegel disk porous set

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A new Early Cretaceous lizard with well-preserved scale impressions from western Liaoning, china

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第2期15卷 67-73页

作者： JI Shu’an*(school of Earth and Space sciences, peking university, beijing 100871, china) Sch. of Earth and Space Sci. Peking Univ. Beijing 100871 China

A new small lizard, Liaoningolacerta brevirostra gen. et sp. nov., from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning is described in detail. The new specimen was preserved not only by the skeleton, but also by the exceptionally clear scale impressions. This lizard can be included within the taxon Scleroglossa based on its 26 or more presacrals, cruciform interclavicle with a large anterior process, moderately elongated pubis, and slightly notched distal end of tibia. The scales vary evidently in size and shape at different parts of body: small and rhomboid ventral scales, tiny and round limb scales, and large and longitudinally rectangular caudal scales that constitute the caudal whorls. This new finding provides us with more information on the lepidosis of the Mesozoic lizards.

关键词： new genus Squamata skeleton lepidosis Early Cretaceous western Liaoning

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On Riemann-Finsler geometry

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第6期43卷 447-450页

作者： MO Xiaohuan school of Mathematical sciences, peking university, beijing 100871, china school of Mathematical sciences Peking University Beijing China

The history of Finsler geometry is reviewed and briefly recent development in Finsler geometry and its application is completed systematically. Furthermore, an interesting open problem has been proposed in this field.

关键词： Finsler space Chern connection Hilbert form Minkowski potential projective sphere bundle.

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china's energy, environment and policy perspective

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Journal of environmental sciences 2000年第3期12卷 270-274页

作者： ZHANG Shi\|qiu (Center for environmental sciences, peking university, beijing 100871, china) Center for environmental sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

This paper discusses the specific features of the energy in china, and addresses those key challenges in china is that the co\|exist of (1) higher total energy production and lower per capita level; (2) lower per capita energy resources level with unrational energy consumption structure; (3) lower energy utilization efficiency and higher energy conservation potential; and (4) unequal distribution of energy resources. It reviews the key environmental problems related to the feature of energy production and consumption. Based on the analysis, the author furthers addresses the policy and actions needed.

关键词： energy energy production energy consumption environment policy

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Study on urban water environmental support capacity

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Journal of environmental sciences 1995年第4期7卷 430-434页

作者： Guo Huaicheng Ye Wenhu(Center of environmental sciences , peking university , beijing 100871 , china) Ctr of Envmtl sciences Peking Univ Beijing China China

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｕｒｂａｎｗａｔｅｒｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｃａｐａｃｉｔｙＧｕｏＨｕａｉｃｈｅｎｇ；ＹｅＷｅｎｈｕ（ＣｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＰｅｋｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒ... 详细信息

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｕｒｂａｎｗａｔｅｒｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｃａｐａｃｉｔｙＧｕｏＨｕａｉｃｈｅｎｇ；ＹｅＷｅｎｈｕ（ＣｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＰｅｋｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１００８７...

关键词： water environmental support capacity urban water environment development variablesi supportvariables.

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A quantitative program for Hadwiger's covering conjecture

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Science china Mathematics 2010年第9期53卷 2551-2560页

作者： ZONG Chuanming school of Mathematical sciences,peking university,beijing 100871,china school of Mathematical sciences Peking University Beijing China

In 1957,Hadwiger made a conjecture that every n-dimensional convex body can be covered by 2n translates of its *** to now,this conjecture is still open for all n *** 1933,Borsuk made a conjecture that every n-dimensional bounded set can be divided into n + 1 subsets of smaller *** to now,this conjecture is open for 4 n *** this article we encode the two conjectures into continuous functions defined on the spaces of convex bodies,propose a four-step program to attack them,and obtain some partial results.

关键词： convex body Hadwiger’s conjecture Banach-Mazur metric β-net Borsuk’s conjecture

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Marginal cost pricing for coal fired electricity in coastal cities of china:The case of Mawan Electricity Plant in Shenzhen City, china

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Journal of environmental sciences 2003年第3期15卷 401-412页

作者： ZHANG Shi-qiu, DUAN Yan-xin (Center for environmental sciences, peking university, beijing 100871, china.) Center for environmental sciences Peking University 北京 100871

By developing a GDMOD model to estimate the environmental externalities associated with electricity generation, this project provides a detailed analysis of the damages and costs caused by different pollutants at varying distances from the Mawan Electricity Plant in Shenzhen, china. The major findings of this study can be summarized that (1) environmental damages caused by electricity production are large and are mainly imposed on regions far away from the electricity plant; (2) air pollution is the most significant contributor to the total damages, and SO_2, NOx, and particulate matter are the three major pollutants with highest damages; (3) the damages caused per unit of particulate, NOx, and SO_2 emissions are much higher than pollution treatment and prevention costs. The research results of this project showed that china needs to have a more effective levy system on SO_2, and a more manageable electricity tariff mechanism to internalize the environmental externalities. The results have also implications for pollution control strategies, compensation schemes as well as emission trading arrangements.

关键词： marginal cost pricing environmental damages environmental policy

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Excessive Cu and Zn affecting on distribution of the metals and activities of glycolytic and nitrogen incorporating key enzymes in mycelia of ectomycorrhizal fungi Suillus bovinus

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Journal of environmental sciences 2001年第3期13卷 337-341页

作者： HUANG Yi, TAO Shu(Department of Urban and environmental sciences, peking university, beijing 100871, china. 北京大学北京 100871

Concentration of copper and zinc in isolated Suillus bovinus mycelia, used nutrient solution and 0.5 mol/L EDTA mycelia washing solution were measured to investigate the distribution of heavy metals in mycelia growth in excess copper or zinc nutrient solution. Treated with zinc, most of added zinc maintained in used solution, and 9.8%/14.6% was in/on mycelia in treatment, and in treatment 2 was 3.9%/8.0% in/on mycelia. In the copper applications, copper stimulated in more than on mycelia, i.e., 25.9%/4.5% in/on mycelia in treatment, and 7%/18.8% in/on mycelia while most of copper retained in used nutrient solution. Certain amount of copper or zinc uptake by mycelia led to pronounced influence on glycolysis and nitrogen incorporating process of Suillus bovinus, while the tested enzymes kept constant in treatment. In crude extracts of copper treatment 2 mycelia, activities of HK, PFK and GS were inhibited and decrease to 63%, 48% and 38% and GIDH increased by 68% of the control, respectively. The behaviors of these tested enzymes toward zinc corresponded in general with that towards copper. The potential protection of Suillus bovinus for its host plant under excess copper or zinc threaten was discussed.

关键词： Suillus bovinus ectomycorrhizal fungous copper zinc glycolysis nitrogen incorporate enzymes

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