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Formation mechanisms of heavy oils in the Liaohe Western Depression,Bohai Gulf Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 156-169页

作者： LI SuMei1,2,PANG XiongQi1,2,LIU KeYu3.GAO XianZhi1,2,LI XiaoGuang4,CHEN ZhenYan4 & LIU BaoHong41 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China University of Petroleam,beijing 102249,China 2 Basin and Reservoir research center,China University of Petroleum,beijing 102249,China 3.CSIRO Petroleum,P.O. Box 113.,Bentley WA 6102,Australia 4 Liaohe Oilfield Co. Ltd,PetroChina,Panjin 124010,China 1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleam Beijing 102249 China2. Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China3. CSIRO Petroleum P.O. Box 1130 Bentley WA 6102 Australia4. Liaohe Oilfield Co. Ltd PetroChina Panjin 124010 China

The Liaohe Oilfield in the Liaohe Western Depression of the Bohai Gulf Basin is the third-largest oil producing province and the largest heavy oil producing oilfield in China. A total of 65 oil samples,3. rock samples and 3. reservoir sandstone samples were collected and analyzed utilizing conventional geochemical and biogeochemical approaches to unravel the mechanisms of the formation of the heavy oils. Investigation of the oils with the lowest maturity compared with the oils in the Gaosheng and Niuxintuo oilfields indicates no apparent relation between the maturity and physical properties of the heavy oils. It is suggested that the heavy oil with primary origin is not likely the main mechanism re-sponsible for the majority of the heavy oils in the Liaohe Western Slope. The absence and/or depletion of n-alkanes etc.,with relatively low molecular weight and the occurrence of 25-norhopane series in the heavy oils as well as the relatively high acidity of the oils all suggest that the majority of the heavy oils once experienced secondary alteration. The fingerprints of the total scanning fluorescence (TSF) of the inner adsorbed hydrocarbons on the reservoir grains and the included hydrocarbons in fluid inclusions are similar to that of the normal oils in the area but are different from the outer adsorbed and reser-voired free oils at present,further indicating that most of the heavy oils are secondary in origin. Analyses of bacteria (microbes) in 7 oil samples indicate that anaerobic and hyperthermophilic Ar-chaeoglobus sp. are the dominant microbes relevant to oil biodegradation,which coincides with the shallow commercial gas reservoirs containing anaerobic bacteria derived gas in the Gaosheng and Leijia teotonic belts. The biodegradation most likely occurs at the water/oil interface,where the forma-tion water is essential for microbe removal and nutrient transportation. We think that biodegradation,water washing and oxidization are interrelated and are the main mech

关键词： heavy oil Liaohe Western Depression biodegradation water washing formation mechanism

Integrating MODFLOW and GIS technologies for assessing impacts of irrigation management and groundwater use in the Hetao Irrigation District,Yellow River basin

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3257-3263页

作者： XU Xu1,2, HUANG GuanHua1,2 & QU ZhongYi3.1 center for Agriculture Water research, China Agricultural University, beijing 100083. China 2 Chinese-Israeli International center for research and Training in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, beijing 100083. China 3.Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China 1. center for Agriculture Water research China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China 2. Chinese-Israeli International center for research and Training in Agriculture China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China 3. Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot 010018 China

Due to severe water scarcity, water resources used in agricultural sector have been reduced markedly in Hetao irrigation district. Application of water-saving practices (WSPs) is required for the sustainable agricultural development. The human activities including WSPs and increase of groundwater abstraction can lower down the groundwater table, which is helpful to the salinity control. Meanwhile, an excessively large groundwater table depth may result in negative impact on crop growth and fragile ecological environment. In this paper, the Jiefangzha irrigation system in Hetao irrigation district was selected as a typical area, a groundwater flow model based on ArcInfo Geographic Information System (GIS) was developed and implemented to quantify the effect of human activities on the groundwater system in this area. The preand post-processing of model data was performed efficiently by using the available GIS tools. The time-variant data in boundary conditions was further edited in Microsoft Excel with programs of Visual Basic for Application (VBA). The model was calibrated and validated with independent data sets. Application of the model indicated that it can well describe the effect of human activities on groundwater dynamics in Jiefangzha irrigation system.

关键词： groundwater flow modeling MODFLOW GIS water-saving practices irrigation district

BATE curve in assessment of clinical utility of predictive biomarkers

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Science China Mathematics 2012年第8期55卷 1529-1552页

作者： ZHOU XiaoHua 1,2,3.& MA YunBei 4,5 1 Northwest HSR&D center of Excellence,VA Puget Sound Health Care System,Seattle,WA 98198,USA 2 Department of Biostatistics,University of Washington,Seattle,WA 98198,USA 3.beijing International center for Mathematical {3.,Peking University,beijing 100871,China 4 Department of Operations {3. and Financial Engineering,Princeton University,Princeton,NJ 08540,USA 5 School of Statisitcs,Southwest University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 61113.,China 1. Northwest HSR&D center of Excellence VA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle WA 98198 USA2. Department of Biostatistics University of Washington Seattle WA 98198 USA3. Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research Peking University Beijing 100871 China4. Department of Operations Research and Financial Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ 08540 USA5. School of Statisitcs Southwest University of Finance and Economics Chengdu 611130 China

In this paper, for time-to-event data, we propose a new statistical framework for casual inference in evaluating clinical utility of predictive biomarkers and in selecting an optimal treatment for a particular patient. This new casual framework is based on a new concept, called Biomarker Adjusted Treatment Effect （BATE） curve. The BATE curve can be used for assessing clinical utility of a predictive biomarker, for designing a subsequent confirmation trial, and for guiding clinical practice. We then propose semi-p^rametric methods for estimating the BATE curves of biomarkers and establish asymptotic results of the proposed estimators for the BATE curves. We also conduct extensive simulation studies to evaluate finite-sample properties of the proposed estimation methods. Finally, we illustrate the application of the proposed method in a real-world data set.

关键词： predictive biomarker cutoff points interaction BATE curve time-to-event outcome

The impact of vegetation restoration on erosion-induced sediment yield in the middle Yellow River and management prospect

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第6期48卷 724-741页

作者： CHEN Hao1, ZHOU Jinxing2, CAI Qiangguo1, YUE Zhongqi3. LU Zhongchen4, LIANG Guanglin1& HUANG Jianguo5 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Re-search, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, China 2. Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, beijing 100091, China 3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China 4. Eco-environmental research {3., Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100085, China 5. College of Resources and Environment, Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing 400716, China Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Hao 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences 100091 Beijing China 3. Department of Civil Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China 4. Eco-environmental research center Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 Beijing China 5. College of Resources and Environment Southwest Agricultural University 400716 Chongqing China

According to the characteristics of water and erosion environments of different natural zones on the Loess Plateau, this paper studies changes of vegetation types, distribution boundaries of forest and grass as well as restoration capacity of vegetation in different natural zones in the middle Yellow River. The annual precipitation of 53. mm is the critical annual pre-cipitation for forest and grass distribution in the middle Yellow River. Among the zonal and azonal environmental factors affecting watershed sediment yield, the intermediate diameter D50 (mm) of suspended load and forest coverage (V, %) play the leading role. Of them the effect weight of forest coverage (V, %) on catchments sediment yield is only 3.4% less than the role of the intermediate diameter (D50, mm), they are almost the same. To effectively control soil erosion in semiarid, especially in hilly-gullied areas and make sediment transport modulus reduce to less than 6000 t/km2, it is rather difficult by merely relying on natural restoration of forest. In the process of cultivated land conversion into forest land and grassland, measures suiting local conditions should be adopted in tree species selection and artificial afforestation (grass planting) based on management with biological measures for slopeland and engineering measures for hilly-gullied areas, so that watershed forest coverage in key counties can reach at least over 3.%.Compared with the standard period of precipitation prior to the 1960s, with the decrease of an-nual precipitation at various periods, plant productivities decline to different degrees under natural conditions. The main reason accountable for the low survival rate of new seedlings and grass over years is due to precipitation decrease. In light with regression models of annual pre-cipitation and natural vegetation productivities, it is possible to obtain estimated values of wa-tershed natural vegetation productivity and eco-water consumption needed for the restoration to

关键词： vegetation restoration, eco-water requirement, watershed sediment yield, the middle Yellow River.

Chinese national clinical practice guidelines on the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of early gastric cancer

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第8期137卷 887-908页

作者： Peng Li Ziyu Li Enqiang Linghu Jiafu Ji Society of Digestive Endoscopy of the Chinese Medical Association Colorectal Surgery Group of the Chinese Medical Association Chinese Association of Gastroenterologists&Hepatologists National Clinical research center for Digestive Diseases Chinese Medical Journal Clinical Practice Guideline Collaborative Department of Gastroenterology Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing 100050China Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education)Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing 100142China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology the First Medical CenterChinese People’s Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing 100853China 不详

Background:Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system in *** comprehensive practice guidelines for early gastric cancer in China are currently ***,we created the Chinese national clinical practice guideline for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of early gastric ***:This clinical practice guideline(CPG)was developed in accordance with the World Health Organization’s recommended process and with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)in assessing evidence *** used the Evidence to Decision framework to formulate clinical recommendations to minimize bias and increase transparency in the CPG development *** used the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare(RIGHT)statement and the Appraisal of Guidelines for research and Evaluation II(AGREE II)as reporting and conduct guidelines to ensure completeness and transparency of the ***:This CPG contains 40 recommendations regarding the prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and follow-up of early gastric cancer based on available clinical studies and *** provide recommendations for the timing of Helicobacter pylori eradication,screening populations for early gastric cancer,indications for endoscopic resection and surgical gastrectomy,follow-up interval after treatment,and other ***:This CPG can lead to optimum care for patients and populations by providing up-to-date medical *** intend this CPG for widespread adoption to increase the standard of prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and follow-up of early gastric cancer;thereby,contributing to improving national health care and patient quality of life.

关键词： Early gastric cancer Prevention Screening Diagnosis Treatment Follow-up

Modeling the impact of Australian Plate drift on Southern Hemisphere climate and environment

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第14期50卷 1495-1502页

作者： ZHOU Botao1,5, ZHAO Ping2, JIAN Zhimin3.& HE Jinhai4 1. Nansen-Zhu International research center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, China 2. Institute of Climate and Environment, Chinese Academy of Meteoro- logical Sciences, beijing 100081, China 3. Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 4. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Meteorol- ogy, Nanjing 210044, China 5. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., China Nansen-Zhu International research center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Institute of Climate and Environment Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing 210044 China

Using a global atmosphere-ocean coupled model with the present-day and 14 MaB.P. oceanic topogra- phy respectively, two experiments are implemented to inves- tigate the effect of different locations of Australian Plate on the atmospheric circulation in middle-high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. The results show that when Austra- lian Plate lay south at 14 MaB.P., both anticyclone circula- tions in the subtropical oceans and cyclone circulation around 60°-70°S are strengthened. Subtropical highs and circumpolar low pressure appear stronger, which results in much stronger Antarctic Oscillation and shorter period of Antarctic Oscillation Index (AOI) at 14 MaB.P. The rainfall and the surface air temperature also change correspondingly. The precipitation decreases around 40°S and increases around 60°-70°S, and the surface air temperature rises in high latitudes of the South Pacific and descends over the Weddell Sea and its north side. Besides, due to the changes of the temperatures and winds, Antarctic sea ice coverage also changes with its increasing in the Ross Sea and its west re- gions and decreasing in the Weddell Sea.

关键词：半球气候地球环球澳大利亚漂流物海洋地形学

Orbit determination for geostationary satellites with the combination of transfer ranging and pseudorange data

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第9期53卷 1746-1754页

作者： GUO Rui1,2,3.4,HU XiaoGong2,4,LIU Li1,WU XiaoLi1,HUANG Yong2,4 & HE Feng1 1 beijing Global Information Application and Development center,beijing 100094,China 2 Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 20003.,China 3.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100049,China 4 Space Navigation and Positioning Technology,Laboratory of Shanghai Municipal,Shanghai 20003.,China 1. beijing Global Information Application and Development center Beijing 100094 China2. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China4. Space Navigation and Positioning Technology Laboratory of Shanghai Municipal Shanghai 200030 China

Geostationary satellites(GEOs) play a significant role in the regional satellite navigation *** experiments show that the clock corrections could be mitigated through a single strategy or double differencing strategies for a navigation constellation,but for the mode of individual GEO orbit determination,high precision orbit and clock correction could not be obtained in the orbit determination based on the pseudorange data.A new GEO combined precise orbit determination(POD) strategy is studied in this paper,which combines pseudorange data and C-band transfer ranging *** strategy overcomes the deficiency of C-band transfer ranging caused by limited stations and tracking time *** the combination of transfer ranging and pseudorange data,clock corrections between the GEO and the stations can be estimated simultaneously along with orbital parameters,maintaining self-consistency between the satellite ephemeris and clock correction *** error covariance analysis is conducted to illuminate the contributions from the transfer ranging data and the psudoranging *** data collected for a Chinese GEO satellite with 3.C-band transfer ranging stations and 4 L-band pseudorange tracking stations,POD experiments indicate that a meter-level accuracy is *** root-mean-square(RMS) of the post-fit C-band ranging data is about 0.203.m,and the RMS of the post-fit pseudorange is 0.408 *** component errors of the POD experiments are independently evaluated with the satellite laser ranging(SLR) data from a station in beijing,with the residual RMS of 0.076 *** SLR evaluation also suggests that for 2-h orbital predication,the predicted radial error is about 0.404 m,and the clock correction error is about 1.3. *** for the combination of one C-band transfer ranging station and 4 pseudorange stations,POD is able to achieve a reasonable accuracy with the radial error of 0.280 m and the 2-h predicted radial error of 0.888 *** syn

关键词： satellite navigation precise orbit determination pseudorange equipment ranging delay GEO SLR

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中医膏方临床应用与制备工艺规范

江苏中医药 2024年第11期56卷 1-7页

作者： Jiangsu research center for Chinese Medicine Development Jiangsu Association of Chinese Medicine Jiangsu Association of Integrative Medicine 江苏省中医药发展研究中心江苏省中医药学会江苏省中西医结合学会

本文件为江苏省地方标准，编号：DB3./T 4870—2024。本文件由江苏省市场监督管理局2024年10月18日发布，2024年11月18日实施。本文件按照GB/T 1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。请注意本文... 详细信息

本文件为江苏省地方标准，编号：DB3./T 4870—2024。本文件由江苏省市场监督管理局2024年10月18日发布，2024年11月18日实施。本文件按照GB/T 1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。本文件由江苏省卫生健康委员会提出并组织实施，由江苏省卫生健康标准化技术委员会归口。本文件起草单位：江苏省中医药发展研究中心、江苏省中医药学会、江苏省中西医结合学会、江苏省中医院、江苏省中医药研究院、江苏中药产业研究院。本文件主要起草人：黄亚博、霍介格、罗兴洪、冯广清、刘沈林、申春悌、段金廒、沈洪、束雅春、倪文澎、沈夕坤、刘产明、史亚祥、虞鹤鸣、陈竞纬、花海兵、强雨叶。

关键词：标准化工作导则工艺规范专利市场监督管理局标准化文件江苏省

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Characteristics and Implication of Double-Circular Slope Break

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 149-150页

作者： Xuebin Du~1,Xinong Xie~1,Jianye Ren~1,Yongchao Lu~1,Tao Cheng~2,Ming Su~1 1.Faculty of Earth Resources,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 43.074,China. 2.beijing research center of {3.,beijing 100027,China

The characteristics of slope break during depression stage in the Songliao Basin of NE China are analyzed. It is indicated that double flexure slope breaks extend in a circle across the *** is nominated the inner slop... 详细信息

关键词： Songliao Basin slope break sedimentary system control