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Carbon and hydrogen isotopic characteristics of natural gases from the Luliang and Baoshan basins in Yunnan Province, china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第9期49卷 938-946页

作者： XU Yongchang1, LIU Wenhui2, SHEN Ping1, WANG Wanchun1, WANG Xiaofeng1, Tenger1, YAN Yaomin3 & LIU Ruobin3 1. Lanzhou Center of Oil & Gas Resources, institute of Geology and Geophsics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 2. Research institute of petroleum exploration and production, sinopec, beijing 100083, china 3. South Branch of petroleum exploration and production Company, sinopec, Kuming 650000, china 1. Lanzhou Center of Oil & Gas Resources Institute of Geology and Geophsics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. Research institute of petroleum exploration and production SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China 3. South Branch of petroleum exploration and production Company SINOPEC Kuming 650000 China

The Luliang and Baoshan basins of Yunnan Province are two small-sizedcontinental oil/gas-bearing sedimentary basins, which were developed at the bases of theCarboniferous and Devonian systems during the Late Tertiary, covering an area of 325 km^2 and 254km^2, respectively. Since the 1990s, there have been discovered small-sized natural gas pools inthese two basins. The natural gases are composed mainly of hydrocarbon gases, with nonhydrocarbonsaccounting for less than 2%. Of the hydrocarbon gases, methane accounts for more than 99%, and thecomponents above C_2 account for less than 0.2%. On the basis of previous studies of geologicalbackground, the composition of natural gases and their carbon isotopic composition, it has beendefined that these two gas pools are of bacterial origin. In this work we have comprehensivelymeasured the carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of natural gases from these two basins andhave gone into the details of the mechanism of gas generation. The δ^(13)C_1 values of naturalgases from the Luliang Basin are within the range of -72.1 per thousand - -73.3 per thousand, andthe δD_(CH_4) values, -242 per thousand - -234 per thousand, indicating that the bacterial gasgeneration is dominated by the way of CO_2 reduction. It has been evidenced that undercontinental-facies fresh water conditions there did occur the CO_2 reduction as a process ofbacterial gas generation. The δ^(13)C_1 values of natural gases from the Baoshan Basin are withinthe range of - 62.5 per thousand - -63.5 per thousand, and the δD_(CH_4) values, -252 per thousand- -260 per thousand. These isotopic characteristics are fallen into transitional phase of acetatefermentation and CO_2 reduction as defined by Whiticar et al. (1986). An important discovery in theLuliang Basin is the carbon isotopic composition of ethane of purely biogenetic origin, i.e., itsδ^(13)C_2 values are within the range of - 61.2 per thousand - - 66.0 per thousand. These carbonisotopic values have been r

关键词： bacterial gas, carbon and hydrogen isotope, CO2 reduction, acetate fermentation.

Formation mechanism of carbonate cemented zones adjacent to the top overpressured surface in the central Junggar Basin,NW china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第4期53卷 529-540页

作者： YANG Zhi1,2,ZOU CaiNeng1,3,HE Sheng2,LI QiYan1,HE ZhiLiang3,WU HengZhi5,CAO Feng1,MENG XianLong4,WANG FuRong2 & XIAO Qilin21 State Key Laboratory of EOR,Research institute of petroleum exploration & Development,Petrochina,beijing 100083.china 2 Key Laboratory of Tectonics and petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education,china University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,china 3 State Key Laboratory of EOR,Research institute of petroleum exploration & Development,Petrochina,beijing 100083.china 4 Research institute of petroleum exploration and production,sinopec,beijing 100083.china 5 Southwest Branch Company,sinopec,Chengdu 610051,china 1. State Key Laboratory of EOR Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China2. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China3. State Key Laboratory of EOR Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development Petrochina Beijing 100083 China5. Southwest Branch Company SINOPEC Chengdu 610051 China4. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Production SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China

Carbonate cemented zones are normally adjacent to the top overpressured surface in the central Junggar Basin,NW *** carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions and petrological investigations of carbonate cements in the carbonate cemented zones indicate that:(1) carbonate cements are composed dominantly of ferrocalcite,ferroan dolomite,and ankerite;(2) carbonate cements are formed under a high temperature circumstance in the subsurface,and organic fluid migration has an important effect on the formation of them;and(3) carbon and oxygen ions in the carbonate cements migrate from the underlying overpressured *** suggests that the occurrence of carbonate cemented zones in this region results from multiple phases of organic fluid expulsion out of the overpressure compartment through geological *** study provides a plausible mechanism of the formation of carbonate cemented zones adjacent to the top overpressured surface in the clastic sedimentary basins,and has an important implication for understanding the internal correlation between the formation of carbonate cemented zones adjacent to top overpressured surface and geofluids expulsion out of overpressured system.

关键词： carbonate cemented zones formation mechanism stable carbon and oxygen isotopic top overpressured surface central Junggar Basin coal-bearing strata

Geological characteristics of large gas provinces and large gas fields in china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 14-35页

作者： ZOU CaiNeng &TAO ShiZhen Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development,Petrochina,beijing 100083.china Petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Based on the examination of the global researches on oil and gas provinces and large gas fields and the analysis of the features,attributes and distribution of large gas provinces and gas fields,this paper puts forward three indicators of determining large oil and gas provinces:spatial indicator,reservoir-forming indicator and resource *** classifies the gas accumulated areas and large gas provinces in china and analyzes the controlling factors on the distribution of large gas provinces and large gas fields:the lateral distribution is mainly controlled by high-energy sedimentary facies and constructive diagenetic facies,palaeo-highs and their periclinal zones,deep faults,etc,and the vertical distribution is mainly controlled by unconformities,series of evaporates and deep low-velocity highly-conductive beds,*** also reveals the main geological characteristics of large gas provinces and large gas fields in *** gas fields in four-type basins have their own characteristics and onland large gas fields are dominantly developed in foreland basins and craton basins;there are three types of gas sources,of which,coal is the main source with high gas generating intensity and varying origins;reservoir rocks of the large gas fields(provinces)are of various types and dominated generally by low-middle permeability and porosity pore-type reservoirs;structural traps and litho-stratigraphic traps coexist in Chinese large gas fields and form dense high abundance and large-area low and middle-abundance large gas fields;most of the large gas fields have late hydrocarbon-generation peaks and reservoir formation,and experienced the process of multiple-stage charging and late finalization; large gas provinces(fields)have good sealing and preservation conditions,and evaporates seals are largely developed in large and extra-large gas *** paper intends to shed light on the exploration and development of large gas fields(provinces)through analyzing their geological

关键词： large gas province large gas field indicator of large oil and gas provinces forming condition distribution characteristics geological feature

SEVERAL　CONSIDERATIONS　ON　HYDROCARBON　GENERATION　MECHANISM　AND　EVOLUTION　OF　CARBONATE　ROCKS

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石油勘探与开发 1996年第5期23卷 75-80页

作者： Cheng Keming Wang Zhaoyun(Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development, CNPC, beijing, 100083, china)

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关键词： Marine factes Oil generation of carbonate rocks Mechanism Evaluation Oil-generatingindex Thermal evolution

Natural gas geochemistry and its origins in Kuqa depression

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 174-182页

作者： LIU QuanYou 1 ,QIN ShengFei 1 ,LI Jian 2 ,LIU WenHui 3 ,ZHANG DianWei 3 ,ZHOU QingHua 1 &HU AnPing 1 1 Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development,Petrochina,beijing 100083.china 2 Langfang Branch of Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development,Petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3 exploration and production Research institute,sinopec,beijing 100083.china Petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Petrochina Langfang Branch Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Langfang 065007 Peoples R China sinopec Explorat & Prod Res Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

According to gas compositional and carbon isotopic measurement of 114 gas samples from the Kuqa depression,accumulation of the natural gases in the depression is dominated by hydrocarbon gases, with high gas dryness(C1/C1-4)at the middle and northern parts of the depression and low one towards east and west sides and southern *** carbon isotopes of methane and its homologues are relatively enriched in 13 C,and the distributive range ofδ13C 1 ,δ13C 2 andδ13C 3 is-32‰―-36‰,-22‰―-24‰and-20‰―-22‰,*** general,the carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes become less negative with the increase of carbon ***δ13C CO2 value is less than-10‰in the Kuqa depression,indicating its organogenic *** distributive range of 3 He/ 4 He ratio is within n×10-8 and a decrease in 3 He/ 4 He ratio from north to south in the depression is *** on the geochemical parameters of natural gas above,natural gas in the Kuqa depression is of characteristics of coal-type gas *** possible reasons for the partial reversal of stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes involve the mixing of gases from one common source rock with different thermal maturity or from two separated source rock intervals of similar kerogen type,multistages accumulation of natural gas under high-temperature and over-pressure conditions,and sufficiency and diffusion of natural gas.

关键词： Kuqa depression natural gas stable carbon isotope gas origin

Mechanism of production increasing of coalbed gas for the pinnate horizontal well and sensitivity effect of parameters on gas production

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第S1期50卷 163-170页

作者： ZHANG Dongli & WANG Xinhai sinopec exploration & production Research institute, beijing 100083, china College of Geoscience of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, china 1. sinopec exploration & production Research institute 100083 Beijing China 2. College of Geoscience of Yangtze University 434023 Jingzhou China

The mechanism of production increasing for the pinnate horizontal well is analyzed with the simulation technique. It is pointed out that the whole horizontal well-bore spreading widely and evenly in coal layers makes the stratum pressure drop evenly and fast, which increases the chance of desorption and diffusion and area controlled. This is the basic reason that the pinnate horizontal well can increase production. How such stratum parameters as permeability, Langmuir constants and adsorption time constant affect the gas production for the pinnate horizontal well is also studied with numerical simulations. Either for the vertical well or the pinnate horizontal well, bigger stratum permeability, steeper relative permeability curve, smaller residual gas saturation, higher gas content and stratum pressure are more favorable for gas production increasing. Langmuir constants decide the change of desorption quantity and influence the gas production through changing the extent of steep of isothermal adsorption curves in the pressure dropping area. The adsorption time constant only influences the time that gas production arrives at the maximum value for the vertical well, but it almost has no influence on the gas production for the pinnate horizontal well because the equivalent adsorption time constant is reduced.

关键词： coalbed gas pinnate horizontal well mechanism numerical simulation sensitivity effect.

AN APPROACH TO CUTTINGS FLUOROLOGGING USING HEXANE AS A SUBSTITUTE

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石油勘探与开发 1997年第4期24卷 92-96页

作者： Zhao Juying(Research institute of petroleum exploration and Devempment, CNPC, beijing, 100083)

It is discovered that carbon tetrachloride is a fluorescence quencher in crude oil detedion with cottings fluorologging. Hexane, which has many advantages as a substitute for carbon tetrachloride, is proposed. In this paper, four typical comparison results of fluorescence spectra of crude oil samples and some of field cores and cuttings are *** sensitivity of fluorescence analysis is increased by 10 to 35 times when we substitute hexane for carbon tetrachloride as the solvent of crude oil. We also find that the lighter the crude oil,the more Obvious the increase in analysis sensitivity. lt challenges the old concopt that coal-derived oil, condensate and some light oils do not emit fluorescence. The merit of hexane system in eliminating or reducing the fluorescent interference of modified asphalts in drilling fluids for cuttings fluorologging has also been discussed.

关键词： Cuttings logging Fluorescence analysis Hexane Carbon tetrachloride Crude oil (Fluorescence quench)

Quantitative studies of hydrocarbon loss of the Silurian bitumen sandstone in the Tarim Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 101-107页

作者： JIANG ZhenXue1,2,PANG XiongQi1,2,LIU LuoFu1,2,WANG XianDong3,ZHANG Jun4 & LI HongYi1,2 1 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,china University of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 2 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china University of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 3 Research institute of exploration and Development,Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd,Daqing 163712,china 4 petroleum exploration and production institute of sinopec,beijing 100083.china china Univ Petr Basin & Reservoir Res Ctr Beijing 102249 Peoples R China china Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd Res Inst Explorat & Dev Daqing 163712 Peoples R China sinopec Petr Explorat & Prod Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The evolution of Tarim Basin experienced several tectonic movements,of which Caledonian movement caused a serious damage to reservoirs of Silurian. The earlier reservoirs size and the later hydrocarbon loss are two key factors to exploration prospect of Silurian. On the basis of net thickness of bituminous sandstone and recovery coefficient of crude oil converting to bitumen,the scale of the hydrocarbon loss of palaeo-accumulation in bitumen sandstone of Silurian was calculated (86.30×108t). The deter-mination of net thickness of bitumen sandstone was completed mainly by several methods,such as physical property demarcation,observing lithology,grains with oil inclusion (GOI) technology,and quantitative grains fluorescence (QGF) technology. The samples of black sandstone and white sand-stone were collected and compared by means of the methods mentioned above. The results showed that there was little hydrocarbon,or none,in the white sandstone. The recovery coefficient was ob-tained by the analyses of plentiful physical parameters of crude oil and bitumen sandstone,based on the hypothesis that nonhydrocarbon compounds and bitumen were invariable in the process of bitu-men forming. The calculated result,which is more scientific and actual,indicates the exploration pros-pect is more promising in Silurian of the Tarim Basin.

关键词： Tarim Basin Silurian bitumen sandstone hydrocarbon loss quantitative research recovery coefficient

Progress and review of the studies on the end-Triassic mass extinction event

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2049-2060页

作者： DENG Shenghui1,2, LU Yuanzheng1,2,3 & XU Daoyi4 1. Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development, beijing 100083, china 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of Petrochina, beijing 100083, china 3. china University of Geosciences, beijing 100083, china 4. institute of Geology, china Earthquake Administration, beijing 100029, china 1. Research institute of petroleum exploration and Development 100083 Beijing China 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of Petrochina 100083 Beijing China 3. china University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 4. institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration 100029 Beijing China

The mass extinction at the end-Triassic is one of the five biggest in the Phanerozoic. However,it is the least well understood among these five events, and only till last decade it became a great academic interesting subject to geologists. The evidences for this event come obviously from bivalves, brachiopods, ammonites, corals, radiolaria, ostracods and foraminifera of marine habitats, and plants and tetrapods of terrestrial realm. By contrast, for some of other groups, such as marine gastropods and marine vertebrates, no mass extinction has been recog-nized yet. The extinction event is strongly marked at specific level but shown a complicated situa-tion at generic and family levels. Dramatic changing of the environment, such as the temperature raise due to the greenhouse effect, the marine anoxic habitats caused by a sudden transgression after the regression at the end of Triassic, has been claimed to be the main cause of the extinction. Many hypotheses have been suggested to demonstrate the mechanisms of the environment changing, among which two popular ones are the bolide impact and volcanic eruption. The Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary mass extinction event is still poorly understood because no enough data have been obtained from the Tr-J boundary successional sections of both marine and terrestrial sediments, and most of these studies were regionally restricted. The basic aspects of the event and its associated environmental conditions remain poorly characterized and the causal mechanism or mechanisms are equivocal. Some authors even doubt its occurrence. china has many successionally developed terrestrial and marine Tr-J sections. Detailed studies of these sections may be important and significant for well understanding of the event.

关键词： progress, review, end-Triassic, mass extinction, mechanism, Tr-J boundary.