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Vortex genesis over the Bay of Bengal in spring and its role in the onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon

Science china Earth Sciences 2011年第1期54卷 1-9页

作者： WU GuoXiong1, GUAN Yue1,2, WANG TongMei3, LIU YiMin1, YAN JingHui4 & MAO JiangYu1 1 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, china 3Department of Atmospheric Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, china 4national climate center, china meteorological administration, beijing 100080, china State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Department of Atmospheric Science Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China national climate center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100080 China

Physical processes associated with onset of the 1998 Asian summer monsoon were examined in detail using multi-source datasets. We demonstrated that strong ocean-atmosphere-land interaction in the northern Indian Ocean and tropical Asian area during spring is a fundamental factor that induces the genesis and development of a monsoon onset vortex over the Bay of Bengal (BOB), with the vortex in turn triggering onset of the Asian summer monsoon. In spring, strong surface sensible heating over India and the Indochina Peninsula is transferred to the atmosphere, forming prominent in situ cyclonic circulation, with anticyclonic circulations over the Arabian Sea and northern BOB where the ocean receives abundant solar radiation. The corresponding surface winds along the North Indian Ocean coastal areas cause the ocean to produce the in situ offshore currents and upwelling, resulting in sea surface temperature (SST) cooling. With precipitation on the Indochina Peninsula increasing from late April to early May, the offshore current disappears in the eastern BOB or develops into an onshore current, leading to SST increasing. A southwest-northeast oriented spring BOB warm pool with SST >31°C forms in a band from the southeastern Arabian Sea to the eastern BOB. In early May, the Somali cross-equatorial flow forms due to the meridional SST gradient between the two hemispheres, and surface sensible heat over the African land surface. The Somali flow overlaps in phase with the anticyclone over the northern Arabian Sea in the course of its inertial fluctuation along the equator. The convergent cold northerlies on the eastern side of the anticyclone cause the westerly in the inertial trough to increase rapidly, so that enhanced sensible heat is released from the sea surface into the atmosphere. The cyclonic vorticity forced by such sensible heating is superimposed on the inertial trough, leading to its further increase in vorticity strength. Since atmospheric inertial motion is destr

关键词： air-sea interaction spring BOB warm pool monsoon onset vortex inertial oscillation Asian summer monsoon onset

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Three-dimensional decomposition method of global atmospheric circulation

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第3期51卷 386-402页

作者： LIU HaiTao1,2,3, HU ShuJuan4, XU Ming5 & CHOU JiFan6,7 1 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, china 3 beijing climate center, beijing 100089, china 4 Department of Mathematics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, china 5 Shanghai Typhoon Institute, Shanghai 200030, china 6 Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, china 7 china meteorological administration Training center, beijing 100089, china State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China beijing climate center Beijing China Department of Mathematics Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Shanghai Typhoon Institute Shanghai China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China china meteorological administration Training center Beijing China

By adopting the idea of three-dimensional Walker, Hadley and Rossby stream functions, the global atmospheric circulation can be considered as the sum of three stream functions from a global perspective. Therefore, a m... 详细信息

关键词： three-dimensional decomposition of the global atmospheric circulation generalized Walker Hadley and Rossby stream functions existence and uniqueness vertical motion

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Absolute radiometric calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 72-90页

作者： ZHANG Yong1,2,3, GU Xingfa1,3,4, YU Tao1,3, ZHANG Yuxiang5, CHEN Liangfu1,3, LI Xiaoying1,2,3, LI Xiaowen1,3 & HE Liming6 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and beijing Normal University, beijing 100101, china 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100039, china 3. The center for national Spaceborne Demonstration, beijing 100101, china 4. Institut national de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 5. national Satellite meteorological center, beijing 100081, china 6. State Environmental Protection administration, beijing 100029, china State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The center for national Spa

Based on the laboratory calibration before launch of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal infrared channel, the onboard blackbody calibration, the radiometric cross- calibration against TERRA MODIS corresponding channel and the in-flight field calibration at Lake Qinghai: water surface radiometric calibration test site of china on Aug. 17, 2004 are carried out in this research. When making onboard blackbody calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, it is necessary to understand inside structures and light path in IRMSS camera and receive and process calibration blackbody signals at normal and high temperatures. Onboard blackbody calibration results of each detector are very important to relative radiometric calibration of images processing and absolute radiometric calibration of each detector. In-flight field calibration mainly contains field experiments, obtaining synchronous images, spectrum marching and MODTRAN radiative transmi- ssion computation. Radiometric cross-calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band against TERRA MODIS selected 6 times synchronous images of two sensors passing through Lake Qinghai and Lake Taihu from August to December, 2004 to compute the cross calibration data. Combining the in-flight field calibration and radiometric cross calibration data, the absolute radiometric calibration coefficients are calculated by the linear regression method. This new calibration model can obviously control the radiometric calibration uncertainties aroused by the single point method used in the in-flight calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, this kind of sensors cannot receive the cosmic background radiation. In this research, the radiometric calibration coefficients obtained through the linear regression model are 8.53 (gain, unit: DN/W m?2sr?1μm?1) and 44.92 (offset, unit: DN).

关键词： CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band in-flight field calibration onboard blackbody calibration cross calibration.

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The numerical criteria and characteristics of El Nino and La Nina

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1990年第1期9卷 51-59页

作者： Wang Shiping NMC, State meteorological administration, beijing, china

-By using the sea surface temperature (SST) index of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean provided by climate Analysis center of U. S. A. , the numerical criteria of El Nino and La Nina events and their quantitative characteristics were calculated. Results show that the El Nino event was characterized with strong intensity, shorter life cycle and significant mature phase; however, the La Nina event has longer live cycle, weak intensity, insignificant mature phase. Through teleconnection analysis, it is found that the intensity index of SST over the Equatorial Pacific Ocean leads the intensity index of subtropical high by six months or so. During the El Nino years, the tropical cyclone over the northwestern Pacific is fewer than normal but stronger, and its genesis area shifts southeastward apparently; while in the La Nina years the number of tropical cyclones are larger.

关键词： Nino EI The numerical criteria and characteristics of El Nino and La Nina SSTA La El

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Interannual variation of annual precipitation and urban effect on precipitation in the beijing region

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第9期17卷 1042-1050页

作者： Yu Shuqiu(State Key Laboratory on Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences,beijing 100081,china) State Key Laboratory on Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China

The large scale character of the interannual variation of precipitation and the urban effect on local annual precipitation anomaly are investigated in this paper based on the 1960-2000 annual precipitation observations at 20 stations in the beijing *** results show that:the annual precipitation in the beijing region possesses the large scale variation character with the linear trend of-1.197/10 yr,which corresponds to a total reduction of 27.82 mm in annual precipitation in the 41 years;the local annual precipitation anomalies(percent of the normal 1960-2000)show a positive center near the urban area,*** precipitation island(UPI),whose intensity increases with the linear trend of 0.6621%/10 yr,opposite to the interannual trend of large scale precipitation over the beijing region;changes in the UPI are also associated with the intensity of synoptic processes of precipitation,and when the synoptic processes are strong(wet years),the intensity of UPI strengthens,while the synoptic processes are weak(dry years),and the UPI disappears in the beijing region.

关键词： urban precipitation island effect interannual climate variation precipitation beijing atmospheric science

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Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation and its association with the Asian summer monsoon

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第7期51卷 1001-1012页

作者： SUN JianQi1, YUAN Wei2 & GAO YuZhong3 1 Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 2 china meteorological administration Training Centre, beijing 100081, china 3 Heilongjiang meteorological Observatory, Harbin 150030, china Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China china meteorological administration Training Centre Beijing China Heilongjiang meteorological Observatory Harbin China

Using correlation and EOF analyses on sea level pressure from 57-year NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, the Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation (APNPO) is identified. The APNPO reflects the co-variability between the North Pacific high and South Asian summer monsoon low. This teleconnec- tion pattern is closely related to the Asian summer monsoon. On interannual timescale, it co-varies with both the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and South Asian summer monsoon (SASM); on decadal timescale, it co-varies with the EASM: both exhibit two abrupt climate changes in the middle 1960s and the late 1970s respectively. The possible physical process for the connections between the APNPO and Asian summer monsoon is then explored by analyzing the APNPO-related atmospheric circulations. The results show that with a strong APNPO, the Somali Jet, SASM flow, EASM flow, and South Asian high are all enhanced, and an anomalous anticyclone is produced at the upper level over northeast china via a zonal wave train. Meanwhile, the moisture transportation to the Asian monsoon regions is also strengthened in a strong APNPO year, leading to a strong moisture convergence over India and northern china. All these changes of circulations and moisture conditions finally result in an anoma- lous Asian summer monsoon and monsoon rainfall over India and northern china. In addition, the APNPO has a good persistence from spring to summer. The spring APNPO is also significantly corre- lated with Asian summer monsoon variability. The spring APNPO might therefore provide valuable in- formation for the prediction of Asian summer monsoon.

关键词： Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation East Asian summer monsoon South Asian summer monsoon wave train abrupt climate change

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climate change tendency and grassland vegetation response during the growth season in Three-River Source Region

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1506-1512页

作者： QIAN Shuan1,FU Yang2 & PAN FeiFei3 1 national meteorological center,beijing 100081,china 2 Qinghai meteorological Research Institute,Xining 810001,china 3 Department of Geography,University of North Texas,Denton,TX 76203,USA national meteorological center Beijing China Qinghai meteorological Research Institute Xining China Department of Geography University of North Texas Denton USA

climate change,climate suitablity change for grassland vegetation,and grassland response to climate change during the growth season are studied systematically by using meteorological data of temperature,precipitation,and length of sunlight from 1961 to 2007,NOAA/AVHRR NDVI from 1982 to 2006,and observations of grass height,biomass,and coverage in enclosed grassland from 1994 to *** models are developed to evaluate climate change and the climatic suitability of grassland vegetation *** temperature,accumulative precipitation,and length of sunlight during the growth season increased from 1961 to 2007 at rates of 0.24°C/10 yr,2.32 mm/10 yr,and 2.81 h/10 yr,*** increase rates of ave-rage temperature between April and May,and between June and August are 0.17 and 0.30°C/10 yr;accumulative rainfall between April and May increased at a rate of 2.80 mm/10 yr,and accumulative rainfall between June and August decreased at a rate of 0.38 mm/10 yr;the increase rates of accumulative length of sunlight between April and May,and between June and August are 2.15 and 1.2 h/10 *** climatic suitability of grassland vegetation growth showed an increasing trend,and the increase rate between April and May is greater than that between June and *** NDVI observations from 1982 to 2006 and measurements of grass height,dry biomass,and coverage from 1994 to 2006 show that the climate change has resulted in an increase in plant productivity of the grassland in Three-River Source *** some protection measures are taken as soon as possible,the deteriorated grassland in Three-River Source Region can recover.

关键词： climate change climate suitability change grassland vegetation Three-River Source Region

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Changes in the spatial scale of beijing UHI and urban development

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第Z2期48卷 116-127页

作者： YU Shuqiu, BIAN Lingen & LIN Xuechun State Key Laboratory on Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences, beijing 100081, china national climate center, china meteorological administration, beijing 100081, china State Key Laboratory on Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China national climate center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

The seasonal and interannual variations of beijing urban heat island (UHI) are investigated in this paper using the temperature data from 1960 to 2000 at 20 meteorological stations in the beijing region, and then the relationship between the intensity and spatial scale of UHI and beijing urbanization indices is analyzed and discussed. Main conclusions are the followings. First, beijing UHI shows obvious seasonal variations, and it is strongest in winter, next in spring and autumn, and least in summer. The seasonal variation of the UHI mainly occurs in the urban area. The UHI intensity at the center of beijing is more than 0.8℃ in winter, and only 0.5℃ in summer. Second, the intensity of beijing HUI exhibits a clear interannual warming trend with its mean growth rate (MGR) being 0.3088℃/10 a. The MGR of HUI is largest in winter, next in spring and autumn, and least in summer, and the urban temperature increase makes a major contribution to the growth of HUI intensity. Third, since the Reform and Opening, the urbanization indices have grown several ten times or even one hundred times, the intensity of HUI has increased dramatically, and its spatial scale also expanded distinctively along with the expansion of urban architectural complexes. Fourth, the interannual variation of urbanization indices is very similar with that of HUI intensity, and their linear correlation coefficients are significant at a more than 0.001 confidence level.

关键词： beijing region, temperature change, heat island effect, HUI spatial scale, human activities.

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Anomalous change of the Antarctic sea ice and global sea level change

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1996年第2期15卷 193-208页

作者： Xie Simei Zou Bing Wang Yi and Bao Chenglan (national Marine Environment Forecasting center, State oceanic administration, beijing 100081, china) national Marine Environment Forecasting center State Oceanic Administration Beijing 100081 China

In this paper, the long-term variation trend of the Antarctic sea ice in 1973～1994 and the inter-decade variation rule of the global sea level are analyzed. It is found that the sea ice area in the Antarctic in the 1980s was significantly less than in the 1970s and the average global sea level height value in the 1980s was also significantly higher than in the 1970s. Connecting variation of both and analyzing their physical mechanism, it indicates that the accumulated sea ice anomaly value in the 1980s less than in the 1970s means a global climate warming, the sea water temperature and air temperature were obviously higher in the 1980s it introduced the long-term accumulated sea ice decreased greatly; a higher sea water temperature introduced sea water volume expanding, and more icebergs transporting from the ice cover in the Antarctic continent to ocean in the warmer year. As a result induced by these multi-causes, the global sea level raised significantly in the 1980s. The global average sea level value in the 1980s, was 22 mm higher than in the 1970s. The sea level raising(SLR) was distributed unevenly. It is especially true in the Pacific Ocean with two expensive we level raising regions in the Northeast Pacific and Southeast Pacific as well as a raising region near the Bering Sea; and with two descent regions in the Northwest and Southwest Pacific. It is considered that this kind of uneven SLR distribution closely relates to the sustained decreasing of the Antarctic sea ice. The higher sea water tem This study was supported both by the national Natural Science Foundation of china under contrast Nod 49376252 and by the national '85' Plan 'Key Project 903': 7th *** in the south ocean introduces a rather warmer water temperature of the Peru Cold Current which is a northward branch of the South Oceanic Current along the South American continent, then it is easier to the occurrence of El Nino event. When El Nino event occurs, the prevailed tropical easte

关键词： Antarctic sea ice global sea level long-term variation El Nino event oceanic circulation

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On linking climate to Chinese dynastic change: Spatial and temporal variations of monsoonal rain

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第1期55卷 77-83页

作者： ZHANG DeEr1, LI Hong-Chun2,3, KU Teh-Lung2,4 & LU LongHua5 1 national climate center, beijing 100081, china 2 Department of Earth Sciences & Research center of Ocean Environment and Technology, Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, china 3 School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University of china, Chongqing 400715, china 4 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA 5 Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences, beijing 100081, china national climate center Beijing China Department of Earth Sciences & Research center of Ocean Environment and Technology Cheng-Kung University Tainan Taiwan China School of Geographical Sciences Southwest University of China Chongqing China Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles USA Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences Beijing China

The causal correlation or linkage between the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) intensity and rise/fall of Chinese dynasties recently proposed by high-resolution paleoclimate reconstructions is examined in detail. Aside from many exceptions to the correlation, both instrumental and historical climate records show strong spatial variations of rainfall on annual-to-decadal scales over eastern china. The relationship between rainfall and EAM intensity also exhibits regional disparity. These observations suggest: (1) Tak-ing paleo-proxy records from a single locality in eastern china to imply changes in drought/wetness as to affect the cultural and political history of china is fraught with uncertainty. (2) On annual-to-decadal scales, the thesis that δ18O in speleothems can be used as a proxy for the EAM strength lacks empirical underpinnings.

关键词：古气候重建东亚季风强降雨时空变化中国东部地区连接 EAM 高分辨率

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