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The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2003年第3期15卷 423-432页

作者： ZHANG Dai-jun 1,2.(1. Department of environmental Science, Chongqing university, Campus A, Chongqing 400044, {2. 2. key laboratory for the Southwest {2. Resources Exploitation and environmental Disaster Control Engineering, ministry of education, {2..) Department of environmental Science Chongqing University China

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX) was studied in an expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) reactor in this work. Experimental results from the continuous treatment of wastewater with nitrite and ammonium, which lasted for 107 days, demonstrated that wastewater with high nitrite and ammonium could be anaerobically treated in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. More than 91% to 97% of COD were removed at up to about 3.9 g COD/(L·d) of COD volumetric loading rate. More than 97% to 100% of nitrite was denitrified at up to about 0.8 g NO -_2.N/(L·d), which is 16 times higher than that in a conventional activated sludge system with nitrification/denitrification(0.05 gN/(L·d)). No dissimilatory reduction of nitrite to ammonium occurred in the process. However, maximum of about 40% ammonium was found to be lost. Batch tests of 15 days with sludge from the reactor showed that 100% of nitrite was denitrified completely, and about 3% of ammonium was removed when only ammonium (34.3 mg/L) and nitrite(34.3 mg/L) were added into the sludge suspension medium. Furthermore, about 15% of ammonium amounts were lost with organic COD addition. It suggested that the methanogenesis in the system could enhance ANAMMOX because of intermediate hydrogen produced during methanogenesis.

关键词： methanogenesis denitrification ANAMMOX EGSB reactor

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第10期47卷 896-911页

作者： ZHANG Changhou1,2. WU Ganguo1,2. WANG Genhou2. ZHANG Weijie2.& SONG Honglin2.1. key laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology, {2., ministry of education of china, Beijing 100083, china 2. School of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources, {2., Beijing 100083, china 1. key laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology China University of Geosciences Ministry of Education of China 100083 Beijing China 2. School of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China

The northwest trending tectonic belt in the middle part of the Mesozoic intraplate Yanshan Orogenic Belt, northeast Hebei Province, is composed of thrusts, extensional faults, strike-slip faults and syntectonic sedimentations as well. The northeastward basement-involved major thrusting deformation occurred between 174Ma and 168MaBP and was followed by an intrusion of the granitic plutonic rocks. As a part of the post-thrusting extensional deformations a northwest extending volcano-sedimentation system of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous formed in the southwest side of the belt. These volcano-sedimentary sequences are divided into Tuchengzi Formation, Zhangjiakou Formation, Yixian Formation and Jiufotang Formation re- spectively. They are characterized by southeastward migration as a result of the increasing down-dip slip displacement along the major extensional fault toward the southeast of the belt. The provenance area of the Jiufotang Formation north to it experienced southwestward thrusting during and after its later sedimentation. The thrusting in this stage resulted in the formation of an asymmetric footwall syncline with vergence to SW in the Jiufotang Formation in the NE side of the basin. Finally a dextral strike-slip deformation occurred along the NW tectonic belt. The striking tectono-geomorphological features and present seismic activities along this belt indicate that it has been being active since Cenozoic era and is still in the active state at present. This northwest extending tectonic belt was following the same direction and location as the existing fault systems within the basement as revealed by former geological and geophysical studies. So it is reasonable to infer the Mesozoic deformation along this belt to be a result of reactivation of the basement structures in a favorable tectonic stress field. The reactivation of basement struc- tures might be taken as one of the mechanisms of intraplate deformation and orogeny.

关键词： Yanshan Orogenic Belt, northwest extending tectonic complex, thrust system, geochronology.

Petrogenesis of Songshugou dunite body in the Qinling orogenic belt, Central china: Constraints from geochemistry and melt inclusions

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1146-1157页

作者： SU Li1,2. SONG Shuguang3 & ZHOU Dingwu1 1. key laboratory of Continental Dynamics of the {2., Department of Geology, Northwestern university, Xi’an 710069, china 2. The Geological Lab Center, china university of geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, china 3. key laboratory of Orogenic Belts of the {2., Department of Geology, Peking university, Beijing 100871, china 1. key laboratory of Continental Dynamics of the {2. Department of Geology Northwestern University 710069 Xi’an China 2. The Geological Lab Center China University of Geosciences 100083 (Beijing)Beijing China 3. key laboratory of Orogenic Belts of the {2. Department of Geology Peking University 100871 Beijing China

The Songshugou dunite body, which occupies an area of about 2. km2. is the largest ultramafic massif in the eastern Qinling orogenic belt, Central china. The major compo-nent of this body is dunitic rocks including mylonitic dunite and coarse-grained dunite; they oc-cupy about 95 vol% of the total body. Petrography, mineral composition, major and trace ele-ments and primitive melt inclusions have been investigated in this paper; all revealed that this dunite body is the product of melt-rock interaction by porous percolation flow. In comparison with dunite sills or veins in harzburgite from the basal part of Oman ophiolite, this dunite body is characterized by lower contents of Al2.3, CaO and HREE but higher content of highly incom-patible elements and Zr and Hf. The LREE enriched patterns and primitive mantle normalized spidergrams of trace elements are also different from the Oman dunite. Combining with melt in-clusions observed in olivines, we conclude that this dunite body is the product of large- scale porous percolation flow of high-MgO melts within depleted mantle peridotites. The high-MgO magma, in essence, was most probably produced at the hot head of an upwelling mantle plume. The occurrence of the Songshugou dunite body is closely associated with the activity of mantle super-plume in Neo-Proterozoic era in the Yangtze Craton.

关键词： Songshugou dunite body, geochemistry, melt inclusion, mantle plume, Qinling orogenic belt.

Analytical method of Cr stable isotope and its application to water pollution survey

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第7期55卷 664-669页

作者： GAO YongJuan 1,2.3,MA Teng 4,5,LING WenLi 1,2.LIU CunFu 4,5 & LI Li 4,5 1Faculty of Earth Science,china university of geosciences,wuhan 43.074,{2. 2.tate key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,china university of geosciences,wuhan 43.074,{2. 3 Graduate School,china university of geosciences,wuhan 43.074,{2. 4 biogeological and {12. Geology laboratory of ministry of education(china university of geosciences) ,wuhan 43.074,{2. 5 Sino-Hungary Joint laboratory of {12. Sciences and Health,china university of geosciences,wuhan 43.074,{2. Faculty of Earth Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China State key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Graduate School China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China biogeological and environmental Geology {2. of ministry of education (china university of geosciences) Wuhan 430074 China Sino-Hungary Joint laboratory of environmental Sciences and Health China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

High Cr(VI) concentration is a potential serious risk to environment and ecologic ***,it is essential to effectively monitor Cr contamination in water systems and scientifically evaluate its evolution trend.A new method of in-situ tracer technique by Cr isotopic analysis for quantitatively estimating Cr-contamination and its regional evolution in natural waters as well as a case application are reported in this *** on documented literatures,an experimental procedure for chemical separation and purification of Cr in water samples and its analytical method for Cr isotopic measurement by thermal ionization mass spectrometry(TIMS) are *** samples collected around a chemical factory in Hubei Province were analyzed by this *** samples showδ53Cr values ranging from-1.7‰to 7.3‰and an elevating trend with an increasing in distance from the sampling site to pollution source.A functional correlation following Rayleigh fractionation law was established between sample'sδ53Cr value and its extent of Cr *** study suggests that Cr isotopic analysis is an effective method to reveal the spatial distribution and its evolution trend of Cr contamination in the regional water *** is thus helpful to assessing the self-purifying ability of local water system according to Cr isotopic fractionation.

关键词：铬(VI) 水污染调查稳定同位素应用同位素分析供水系统演变趋势示踪技术

Transport network and flow mechanism of shallow ore-bearing magma in Tongling ore cluster area

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第4期49卷 397-407页

作者： DENG Jun1,2. WANG Qingfei1,2., HUANG Dinghua3 , WAN Li4, YANG Liqiang1,2.& GAO Bangfei1,2.1. State key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, {2., Beijing 100083, china 2. key laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology of ministry of education, china university of Geo- sciences, Beijing 100083, china 3. Faculty of Earth Sciences, {2., wuhan 43.074, china 4. School of Mathematics and Information Science, Guangzhou university, Guangzhou 510405, china 1. State key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China 2. key laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology of {2. China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China 3. Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 4. School of Mathematics and Information Science Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510405 China

Abundant studies revealed that shallow intrusions of the Yanshanian epoch resulted in the mass mineralization of the Tongling region. Various evidences showed there existed a concealed magma chamber at ?10 km depth in the middle part of this region during Yanshanian epoch, from which the ore-forming magma was generated and then transported to the superficial layer. Yet the transport network and flow mechanism of the shallow ore-bearing magma, the key problem associ- ated with ore-forming process, was relatively little focused on. Integrate analysis of structural me- chanics, statistical fractal and geological facts suggested that NE trending high-angle fold-related thrust faults and the tessellated basement ones served as the main pathways for the shallow magma’s transporting, moreover, the saddle void spaces among adjacent strata in the folds upon this fault system provided the place for magma’s emplacement. So the folds in the upper part and faults in the lower part of the upper crust constituted the fluid’s transport and emplacement network. During the deformation of geologic body with multi-layer structure, the layers in the upper part tended to fold when received the jacking stress from the lower part, while the lower one inclined to fault undergoing loads of the upper part. And the producing probability of this structure assemblage was highly in- creased in the condition, such as in the Tongling area, that the mechanic rigidity of the lower layers was stronger than that of the upper ones. For the pre-existence of fluid-conducting network, the top magma with high volatile in the magma chamber transported rapidly to the superficial layer in dyking pattern, located in the void spaces of folds, filled and reconstructed them. The sudden drop of pres- sure caused the fluid unmixing from the magma and mass ore-forming elements concentration. Pulse activity of the dyking may be the principal reason why magmatic bodies in the Tongling area were spatially-temporally con

关键词： Tongling, structural network, magma intrusion, fractal, dyke.

Exsolution of ilmenite and Cr-Ti magnetite from olivine of garnet-wehrlite

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1368-1376页

作者： LIU Xiangwen1,2. JIN Zhenmin1,3, QU Jing2.& WANG Lu2.1. State key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, {2., wuhan 43.074, china 2. Graduate School of {2., wuhan 43.074, china 3. Faculty of Earth Sciences, {2., wuhan 43.074, china 1. State key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 2. Graduate School of china university of geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 3. Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China

Exsolution of rod-like ilmenite (Ilm) and Cr-Ti magnetite (Mt) have been found in olivine of garnet-wehrlite from the core of Chinese Continental Sciences Drilling (CCSD). Their composition, morphology, crystal structure and their topotaxies with host olivine have been studied in detail by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron probe microanaly- sis (EPMA) technique. It shows that rod-like Ilm exsolution reported in this paper has similar characteristic with that of Alpe Arami olivine, while Cr-Ti magnetite exsolution mentioned in this paper has large discrepancy with chromite exsolution in Alpe Arami olivine. These observations suggest that both of the exsolutions found in this paper should be solid solution phases in β-olivine at their first period, then experiencing decomposition of solid solution and therefore forming Ilm and Cr-Ti magnetite exsolution with the pressure decreasing. So, this garnet-wehrlite perhaps had been ever located in mantle transition zone with a minimum depth of 300 km.

关键词： garnet-wehrlite, ilmenite, magnetite, exsolution, CCSD.

Calculation of maximum ground movement and deformation caused by mining

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 562-569页

作者： LI Pei-xian1, 2. TAN Zhi-xiang1, 2. DENG Ka-zhong1, 2.1. key laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, {2. university of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1116, {2. 2. Jiangsu key laboratory of Resources and environmental Information Engineering, {2. university of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1116, {2. [a] key laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China [b] Jiangsu key laboratory of Resources and {2. Information Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China

In order to know the maximum mining ground deformation of arbitrary surface point, directions of the maximum surface tilt, curvature,horizontal displacement and horizontal deformation caused by multi-working faces were deduced based on probability integral method. The distribution forms of surface deformations in all direction φ∈[0, 2.] were obtained and also equations of maximum deformations were given based on calculation of mining ground deformation in direction φ. A mining subsidence analysis system was developed with VB6.0. The system implements the probability integral mining subsidence prediction with direct integration method, and it can avoid errors of arbitrary shaped working face subdivision of traditional method, and accuracy of mining subsidence prediction can be improved with the direct integral method. The system implements the contour chart and profile chart and also data analysis automation by manipulation of the SURFER kernel function and it complements the defect of existing subsidence prediction software. Calculation of maximum deformations caused by multi-working faces mining in a coal mine of Xuzhou, china was shown as application example. Engineering application indicates that maximum deformation of mining ground surface can be calculated and analyzed by the system. The research provides a theoretical basis and calculation tool for mining subsidence prediction and analysis.

关键词： mining subsidence probability integral method movement and deformation system development

Land use data generalization indices considering scale and land use pattern effects

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Science china Earth Sciences 2011年第5期54卷 694-702页

作者： LIU YaoLin1,2.JIAO LiMin1,2.& LIU YanFang1,2.1 School of Resource and environmental Sciences,wuhan {2.,wuhan 430079,china 2.key laboratory of Geographic Information System,ministry of education,wuhan {2.,wuhan 430079,china 1. School of Resource and environmental Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China2. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System Ministry of Education Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China

Land use generalization indices are critical for producing normative multi-scale land use databases and maps,but there is still not a national criterion for these indices in *** studies on land use data generalization indices often neglect macroindices such as area proportion of land use types and map load,and also ignore landscape effects on land use generalization *** we constructed an index system of land use data generalization from macro-and micro-perspectives,and examined scale and landscape effects on land use data generalization indices based on the countrywide multi-scale land use data *** formulated relationships between land use data generalization indices and both scale and land use pattern *** defined thresholds of land use data generalization indices on scales of 1:50000,1:100000,1:2.0000,and 1:*** verified our methodology and index thresholds through generalizing a county land use database.

关键词： land use database land use database generalization generalization indices land use pattern landscape metrics

A numerical study on nonlinear propagation and short-term variability of the migrating diurnal and semidiurnal tides

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第17期50卷 1940-1948页

作者： HUANG Chunming1,2. ZHANG Shaodong1,2.& YI Fan1,2.1. School of Electronic Information, wuhan Universiy, wuhan 430079, {2. 2. key laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, ministry of education, wuhan university, wuhan 430079, {2. School of Electronic Information Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China key laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy Ministry of Education Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China

By using a three-dimensional fully nonlinear numerical model in spherical coordinates and taking the linear steady solutions of the migrating diurnal and semidi-urnal tides in January from the Global-Scale Wave Model (GSWM) as the initial values, we simulate the linear and nonlinear propagations of the migrating diurnal and semidi-urnal tides in the atmosphere from the ground to the lower thermosphere. A comparison of our simulations with the results of GSWM is also presented. The simulation results show that affected by the nonlinearity, the migrating diurnal and semidiurnal tides propagating in the middle and upper atmosphere exhibit evident short-term variability. The nonlinear interactions between the migrating tides and the background atmosphere can obviously alter the background wind and temperature fields, which suggests that the nonlin-ear propagations of the migrating diurnal and semidiurnal tides impact significantly on the transient dynamical and thermal structures of the background middle and upper at-mosphere and the nonlinear effect is an important cause of the difference between the results of GSWM and observa-tions.

关键词：大气非线性传播数学模型可变性温度场