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Semi-analytical analysis of the response of the air temperature over the land surface to the global vegetation distribution

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第14期54卷 2499-2505页

作者： LIU Fei1,2 & CHAO JiPing3,4 1 institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, china 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, china 3 National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, china 4 first institute of oceanography, state oceanic administration of china, qingdao 266061, china institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081 China first institute of oceanography State Oceanic Administration of China Qingdao 266061 China

Response of the air temperature over the land surface to the global vegetation distribution is investigated, using a three-dimensional governing equation to simulate the steady, large-scale, limited amplitude perturbation of the free, inviscid and adiabatic atmosphere. The adoption of the static equation leads to a temperature governing equation in the terrain following coordinate. With the prescribed temperature as the upper boundary condition and the radiation balance as the lower boundary condition, the semi-analytical solution of the global circulation temperature can be calculated. In this article, only the air temperature (at 2 m height) over the land surface is analyzed, and the result suggests that this model can simulate the air temperature pattern over the land surface reasonably. A better simulation occurs when a simple feedback of the albedo on the temperature is included. Two sensitivity experiments are analyzed through this model. One suggests that the air temperature over the land surface descends obviously when the land surface is covered with ice all over, while another suggests that the air temperature rises a little when the land surface is covered with forest except the ice-covered area. This model appears to be a good tool to study the response of the air temperature to the vegetation distribution. Limitations of the model are also discussed.

关键词：空气温度植被分布陆地表面反应解析分析模拟模式控制方程边界条件

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Spatial and temporal variability of heat content above the thermocline in the tropical Pacific Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第2期22卷 179-190页

作者： Pu Shuzhen, Yu Fei, Hu Xiaomin, Chen Xingrong first institute of oceanography, state oceanic administration, qingdao 266061,china, first institute of oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

Heat content of the upper layer above the 20℃ isotherm in the tropical Pacific Ocean isestimated by using the sea temperature data set with a resolution 2°latitude×5°longitude (1980-1993) for the water depths (every 10 m) from 0 m to 400 m, and its temporal and spatial variabilities are analyzed. (1) The temporal variability indicates that the total heat in the upper layer of the equatorial Pacific Ocean is characterized by the interannual variability. The time series of the equatorial heat anomaly 5 months lead that of the El Nino index at the best positive lag correlation between the two, and the former 13 months lag behind the latter at their best negative lag correlation. Therefore the equatorial heat content can be used as a better predictor than the El Nino index for a warm or cold event. In addition, it is also found that less heat anomaly in the equator corresponds to the stronger warm events in the period (1980- 1993) and much more heat was accumulated in the 4 years including 1992/1993 ENSO (1989-1993) than the 4 years including 1982/1983 ENSO (1980-1983); (2) The spatial variability indicates that the area with the highest lag correlation among the grids moves in an anti-clockwise circle in the northern tropical Pacific Ocean within 4 years period and in a clockwise circle in the southern tropical Pacific Ocean. This result provides scientific evidence for the quasi - cycle theory of El Nino events.

关键词： Heat content ENSO tropical Pacific Ocean

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Study on interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshio water in the Huanghai Sea and East china Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第3期22卷 351-367页

作者： Binghuo Guo, Xiaomin Hu, Xuejun Xiong, Renfeng Ge first institute of oceanography, state oceanic administration, qingdao 266061, china first institute of oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

The main processes of interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshio water in the Huanghai Sea (HS) and East china Sea (ECS) are analyzed based on the observation and study results in recent years. These processes include the intrusion of the Kuroshio water into the shelf area of the ECS, the entrainment of the shelf water into the Kuroshio, the seasonal process in the southern shelf area of the ECS controlled alternatively by the Taiwan Strait water and the Kuroshio water intruding into the shelf area, the interaction between the Kuroshio branch water, shelf mixed water and modified coastal water in the northeastern ECS, the water-exchange between the HS and ECS and the spread of the Changjiang diluted water.

关键词： Huanghai Sea East china Sea coastal water shelf water Kuroshio water interaction

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THE RE-DERIVATION OF THE VORTICITY EQUATION OF THE LAYERED FLOW OF THE SHALLOW SEA

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2001年第3期13卷 10-16页

作者： Zhang Qing-hua, Li Jian ke, Qu Yuan yuan first institute of oceanography, state oceanic administration, qingdao 266061, china Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, state oceanic administration, qingdao 266061, china first Inst. of oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

The scale analysis of the layered flow problem of the shallow sea shows that the parameter of E V represented the relative thickness of the friction layer is the little value larger than Rossby number. This illustrates that they are not ignorable and the important control factors of the layered flow although friction effect is only limited within interface Ekman layer and bottom Ekman layer. Using larger little parameter E V as the little perturbation parameter is more reasonable than using the classical Rossby number ε. By using the perturbation expansion and doing the researches of the structure of the Ekman layer on the sea surface, sea bottom and interface, a group of new layered flow vorticity equation is derived. It combines the vorticity of the flow of every layer, the inclination of the interface, the inclination of the sea bottom and the wind stress vorticity on the sea surface. Different from the conventional vorticity equation, which derived by using Rossby number as little parameter and is applied to large scale motion, it allows relatively large interfaces fluctuation, even it is applied to the problem that interface touch the bottom or touch the sea surface.

关键词： interface Ekman layer interface fluctuation touch the bottom touch the sea surface

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AN EXTENDED MODELING OF TIDE-WAVE MOTION

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2001年第3期13卷 100-106页

作者： Zhang Qing hua, Xu Hao, Qu Yuan yuan first institute of oceanography, state oceanic administration, qingdao 266061, china Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, state oceanic administration, qingdao 266061, china first Inst. of oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

By vertical boundary conditions, a spectral expansion of horizontal tide wave velocity is done in vertical direction in terms of a complete basis functions selected properly, hence a relation between tide levels and spectral components is found theoretically under condition of ignoring the horizontal friction stress and nonlinear effect. And a relation between bottom friction of tide current, which satisfies the viscous condition on sea bottom, and tide levels is determined. The relation is different from the relation of the traditional parameterizing of bottom friction. Moreover integration of the continuity equation and momentum equations is carried out in the vertical direction using zero flux condition on solid boundaries and inputting condition on open boundaries, and then a boundary value problem of elliptic form on the tide levels is constructed.

关键词： tide waves basis function spectral expansion bottom friction

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The influence of the surface heat fluxes of the Kuroshio key-area on meiyu rainfall in the Changjiang River region

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1991年第1期10卷 73-82页

作者： Ding Liangmo first institute of oceanography,state oceanic administration,qingdao,china first institute of oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao China China

On the basis, of the surface heat fluxes of the Kuroshio key-area (26°-30°N, 125°-30°E)in March andApril, the climatologicai influence of the Kuroshio heat fluxes on meiyu rainfall in the Changjiang River (Yangtse River) region are studied. The results are concluded as follows;the surface heat fluxes of the Kuroshio key-area have certain influence on meiyu rainfall in the Changjiang River region during June and July. The correctness rates for the five stations in the Changjing River region (i. e. Wuhan, Jiujiang, Anqing,Nanjing and Shanghai)are in the range of 9/20-13/20. The surface heat fluxes influence mainly on the homogeneous rainfall pattern,the correctness rates come to 7/10-8/10 for the lower valley of the Changjiang River. The estimation expression of the meiyu rainfall for Shanghai consisting of the surface heat flux and the sea surface temperature anomaly of the Kuroshio key area agrees well with the actual meiyu rainfall condition.

关键词： heat The influence of the surface heat fluxes of the Kuroshio key-area on meiyu rainfall in the Changjiang River region area

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THE VERTICAL THERMAL STRUCTURE OF THE INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE MODE FROM WOCE DATA

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2001年第3期13卷 24-27页

作者： Yu Wei-dong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, state oceanic administration, first institute of oceanography, qingdao 266061, china first Inst. of oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

The Dipole Mode in tropical Indian Ocean (DMI) is a newly verified independent internal mode of atmosphere ocean system in Indian Ocean. Its surface manifestation is illustrated in detail with the aid of the historical data sets. But relatively few is known about its vertical characteristics. Here the vertical thermal structure of DMI is analyzed using the newly released WOCE GLOBAL DATA (V2.0). Attention is focused on the comparison of the abnormal upper ocean thermal structure along one section with the normal state in year 1990 respectively in two cases: in year 1994 when there was IDM but no E1 Nino and in year 1997 when there were DMI and also E1 Nino. This may shed light on the further theoretical and numerical study of IDM.

关键词： DMI thermal structure

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A model for wave growth in fetch-limited conditions

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1997年第1期16卷 45-56页

作者： Li Luping first institute of oceanography, state oceanic administration, qingdao 266003, china first institute of oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266003 China

In this paper, it is held that the universal relationships of wave growth in fetch-limited conditions , i. e., (f|~) p=A(x|~)-Band (m|~)0= C(x|~) Dshould satisfy the Toba 3/2 power law and the wave energy balance equation. In the ideal generation situation, theoretically it can be derived that the ideal fetch-limited wave growth relationship should have D=3B and D+B =1, (i.e., B = 0.25, D = 0.75 ) and A3C=2. 1×l(T4C^(1/2)_d , where Cd is the drag coefficient. The 3/2 power law, the wave energy balance equation and the decrease of wave steepness with increasing fetch have became three requirements which should be satisfied by fetch-limited wave growth algorithms. A semi-empirical and semi-theoretical model for fetch-limited wave growth is presented. In the application to the slanting wind situation an un(?)ersal relationship of dimensionless wave energy vs dimensionless peak frequency is presented and the comparisons show that the model is in good agreement with observations.

关键词： Wave growth fetch-limited wave field universal relationship

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An analysis on the formation mechanism of the distributionof high content of chlorophyll-a in the continentalshelf edge waters of East china Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1992年第1期11卷 97-107页

作者： Fei Zunle first institute of oceanography, state oceanic administration, qingdao 266003, china

On the basis of the data obtained from the comprehensive Kuroshio surveys in 1987-1988,this paper analyses the oceanographic characteristics in the area (125°-130° E,27°-31° N) of the continental shelf edge of the East china Sea (E. C. S. ) and its adjacent waters and discusses the effects of the Kuroshio front,thermocline and upwelling of the Kuroshio subsurface water on the distribution of standing stock of phytoplankton (chlorophyll-a). The distribution of high content of chlorophylly-a has been detected at 20-50 in depth in the water body on the left side of the Kuroshio front in the continental shelf edge waters of the E. C. S. The high content of chlorophyll-a spreads from the shelf area to the Kuroshio area in the form of a tongue and connects with the maximum layer of subsurface chlorophyll-a of the Kuroshio and pelagic sea. The author considers that the formation of the distribution of high content chlorophyll-a in this area results from the bottom topography and oceanic environment and there are close correlations between the high content of chlorophyll-a and the light-nutrient environment.

关键词： Ph Th An analysis on the formation mechanism of the distributionof high content of chlorophyll-a in the continentalshelf edge waters of East china Sea high

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SIMULATION STUDY OF IMAGING OF UNDERWATER BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY BY SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2001年第3期13卷 57-64页

作者： Ma, Yi Zhang, Jie first Inst. of oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

Interaction between current and underwater bottom topography modulates roughness of the sea surface, which in turn yields variation of the radar scattering echo. By using the mechanism, this paper presents a simulation model for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging of underwater bottom topography. The numerical simulations experiments were made using the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) and analytical expression theory of SAR Image in Mischief sea area. It is concluded that the SAR image is better visual when water depth of underwater bottom topography is shallow or gradient of underwater bottom topography is high.

关键词： Numerical analysis Ocean currents Simulation Synthetic aperture radar Underwater imaging Underwater structures

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