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Recent glacial retreat in High Asia in china and its impact on water resource in Northwest china

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Science china Earth sciences 2004年第12期47卷 1065-1075页

作者： YAO Tandong 1,2 ,WANG Youqing 2 ,LIU Shiying 2,1 ,PU Jianchen 2,1 ,SHEN Yongping 2 & LU Anxin 2,1 1.institute of Tibetan Plateau research,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100029,china 2.cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute,chinese academy of sciences,lanzhou 730000,china 1. chinese academy of sciences Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research 100029 Beijing China 2. chinese academy of sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute 730000 Lanzhou China

Under the impact of climatic warming, the glaciers in the High Asia in china have been retreating continuously with negative glacial mass balance in recent several decades. The retreat became more intensive in the past 10 years. The spatial pattern of the glacial retreat in the High Asia in china is that the smallest magnitude of retreat is in the inland of the Tibetan Plateau, the magnitude increases from the inland to the margin of the Tibetan Plateau, and the largest magnitude at the margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The glacial retreat in the High Asia in china has an important impact on the water resource of the arid regions in Northwest china. This study shows that the glacial retreat in the 1990s has caused an increase of 5.5% in river runoff in Northwest china. In the Tarim River basin, the increase of river runoff is higher than 5.5%.

关键词： High Asia, glacial fluctuation, impact on water resource.

Glacier changes during the last forty years in the Tarim Interior River basin,northwest china

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第6期19卷 727-732页

作者： Donghui Shangguana, Shiyin Liu a,b, Yongjian Dinga, Lianfu Dinga, Junli Xua, Li Jing a a State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, cold & arid regions environmental & engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 730000, china b institute for Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, china [a]State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Cold & Arid Regions Environmental & Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China [b]Institute for Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

By comparing digitized glacier outlines from the chinese Glacier Inventory (CGI) during the 1960s-1970s and Landsat Enhance Thematic Mapper (ETM+) images from 1999 to 2001, we investigated changes for about 7665 alpine glaciers among 11665 glaciers in seven sub-basins of the Tarim Interior River basin (TIRB). The results showed that the total glacier area was reduced by 3.3% from the 1960s/ 1970s to 1999/2001 and area losses for 1-5 km2 glaciers accounted for 48.3% of the total glacier area loss in the TIRB. However, the glacier area reductions varied from 0.7% to 7.9% among the seven sub-basins of the TIRB during the study period. The glacier area changing with altitude showed that the maximum contribution of area shrinkage occurred at 4900-5400 m. Data from 25 meteorological stations in the TIRB showed increases in both the annual mean air temperature and annual precipitation during 1960-2000. This indicates that the glacier shrinkage in the TIRB over the last 40 years was largely due to regional climate warming that enhanced glacier ablation and overcame the effects of increased precipitation on the glacier mass balance.

关键词： Glacier change Climate change Remote sensing

Canopy and leaf gas exchange of Haloxylon ammodendron under different soil moisture regimes

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Science china(Life sciences) 2010年第6期53卷 718-728页

作者： GAO Song,SU PeiXi,YAN QiaoDi & DING SongShuang Linze Inland River Basin research Station,Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology Laboratory,cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute,chinese academy of sciences,lanzhou 730000,china 1. Linze Inland River Basin research Station Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology Laboratory Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

In order to reveal the drought resistance and adaptation of the C4 desert plant Haloxylon ammodendron under artificially controlled soil moisture regimes,representative plants were selected to measure canopy photosynthesis using canopy photosynthetic measurement *** results showed that appropriate soil moisture significantly enhances the canopy and leaf photosynthetic capacity,and extremely high soil moisture is not conducive to the photosynthesis of ***.

关键词： canopy photosynthesis leaf photosynthesis desert plant Haloxylon ammodendron assimilation chamber

Adaptation Management of Mountain Tourism Service: The Case of the Source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow River

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第3期6卷 299-310页

作者： FANG Yiping QIN Dahe DING Yongjian YANG Jianping institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences 610041 Chengdu China cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou China

Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies and, thus, improving the living conditions of rural societies. As mountain tourism service research is a professional field with several disciplines involved, a multi-disciplinary management pIatform is needed and it facilitates participation in sustainable mountain development by diverse stakeholders. With the source regions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River as a case study, this paper presents a conceptual framework for an adaptation management of mountain tourism services according to technical, policy, social and economic dimensions. The framework is based on a vulnerability assessment of mountain ecosystems, and can serve as a reference for the development of tourism service in other mountain areas.

关键词： adaptation management mountain tourism service (MTS) source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers china

Vertical quantitative and dominant population distribution of the bacteria isolated from the Muztagata ice core

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第10期48卷 1728-1739页

作者： XIANG Shurong1, YAO Tandong1, 2, AN Lizhe1, 3, WU Guangjian2, XU Baiqing2, MA Xiaojun 3, LI Zhen1, WANG Junxia1 & YU Wusheng1 1. Key Laboratory of Ice Core and cold regions Environment, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 730000, china 2. institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china 3. College of Life Science, lanzhou University, lanzhou 730000, china Key Laboratory of Ice Core and cold regions Environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China institute of Tibetan Plateau research chinese academy of sciences Beijing china College of Life Science lanzhou University lanzhou china

Vertical distribution of the main bacteria isolated from the Muztagata ice core (about 22.4 m) was investigated by means of cultivation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The results showed that the amount of culturable bacteria fluctuated with ice core depth, and was more in dirty layer than in clean ice, which suggested the close corresponding relationship between high input of the bacteria deposited by wind and snowflow and dirty layer. Most of the bacteria were psychrophiles and psychrotolerants, including α- and γ-proteobacteria, Cryobacterium psychro-philum, CFB (Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides) group, high-G+C gram-positive bacteria (HGC). Acinetobacter sp. and HGC repeatly occurred in different ice depths, and their quantita-tive distribution was consistent with the change of the total amount of culturable bacteria with depth, which suggested the main bio-indicator; while Flavobacterium, Cryobacterium psychro-philum, and α-proteobacteria, also functioned as a secondary indicator of climatic and environ-mental changes. This study is the first report concerning continuous quantitative variation and pattern of the main culturable bacteria in ice core section.

关键词： Pamirs Plateau, ice core, pattern of bacteria, bio-indicator.

Study of spatial distribution of sandy desertification in North china in recent 10 years

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Science china Earth sciences 2004年第z1期47卷 78-88页

作者： WANG Tao, WU Wei, XUE Xian, SUN Qingwei & CHEN GuangtingKey Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 730000, china Department of Environment engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, china chinese Acad Sci Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst Key Lab Desert & Desertificat Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Peking Univ Dept Environm Engn Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

Sandy desertification is a land degradation characterized by wind erosion, mainly resulted from the excessive human activities in arid, semiarid and part of sub-humid regions in North china. It is one of main kinds of desertification/land degradation as well as water-soil erosion and salinization in china. Rapid and continuous spread of sandy desertification during last 50 years has created a major environmental and socio-economic problem in North china. Remote sensing monitored results in 2000 showed that the sandy desertified land area has been 38.57× 104 km2. The area of potential to slightly sandy desertified land is 13.93× 104 km2, moderately land 9.977×104 km2, severely land 7.909 ×104 km2 and very severely land 6.756×104 km2. Sandy desertification mainly occurs in the semi-arid mixed farming-grazing zone and its northern rangeland zone, semi-arid dryland rainfed cropping zone and arid oasis-desert margin zone. The average annually developmental rate of sandy desertified land increased from 2,100 km2 ·a-1 in 1976-1988 to 3,600 km2 · a-1 in 1988-2000. The basic status of sandy desertification in North china is 'overall deterioration, while local rehabilitation'. Already achieved rehabilitation results and monitoring assessment show that about 60% of desertified land in North china can be restored under the conditions of rational land-use ways and intensity.

关键词： sandy desertified land, spatial distribution, remote sensing monitoring, last 10 years, North china.

Losses of Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen and Their Mechanisms in the Desertification Process of Sandy Farmlands inHorqin Sandy Land

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Agricultural sciences in china 2003年第8期2卷 890-897页

作者： SU Yong-zhong and ZHAO Ha-lin(cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences,lanzhou 730000 , P. R. china) cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 P.R. China

Soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(N)concentrations from bulk soils and soil particle size fractions in the different extent of desertified farmlands(potential, light, medium, severe, and most severe desertified farmlands)were examined to quantitatively elucidate losses of carbon and nitrogen and its mechanisms in the desertification process. Particle size fractions(2 -0.1 mm, 0.1 - 0.05 mm, 0. 05 mm)in desertification process. The concentrations of C and N associated with sand(2 - 0.1 mm and 0.1 - 0.05 mm)significantly decreased with increase of desertified extent. Silt and clay associated C and N concentrations, however, were less changed, and in contrast, were higher in soils under most severe desertified extent than in soils under potential and severe desertified extent. The percentage of distribution in sand(>0.05 mm)associated C and N significantly increased with increase of desertified extent, suggesting that stability of SOC decreased in the desertification process.

关键词： Farmland desertification Soil organic carbon Total nitrogen Mechanisms of losses

Turbulent intensity and its similarity function over an Inner Mongolian grassland during spring

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第5期53卷 773-780页

作者： YUE Ping1,2,3, NIU ShengJie2, HU YinQiao4 & ZHANG Qiang1 1 Key Laboratory of arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of CMA, institute of arid Meteorology, CMA, lanzhou 730020, china 2 Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, china 3 Zhangye National Meteorological Observatory, Zhangye 734000, china 4 cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of Science, lanzhou 730000, china 1. Key Laboratory of arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of CMA Institute of Arid Meteorology CMA Lanzhou 730020 China2. Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China3. Zhangye National Meteorological Observatory Zhangye 734000 China4. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Science Lanzhou 730000 China

Macroscopic reason for the development of turbulences in fluid is the conjunction action of velocity and temperature shears. We use the 2008 spring flux observations in the surface layer over Inner Mongolian grassland, obtain the similarity functions of turbulent intensity under different stratification stability conditions, and calculate the clear day turbulent intensity in the spring, which is then analyzed and compared with the observed values of turbulent intensity. The results show that in the Inner Mongolian grassland, under the condition of spring unstable stratification of the surface layer, dependence of the similarity function of turbulent intensity on stratification stability follows a "2/3 power law". The structural function is a constant under the neutral stratification condition, and complicated under the stable condition. The calculated turbulent intensity has a close correlation with the observed one, which verifies the accuracy of the similarity functions and the suitability of the theorem of turbulent intensity in the grassland region.

关键词： turbulent intensity variance of velocity similarity function grassland

Preliminary reconstruction of the desert and sandy land distributions in china since the last interglacial period

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Science china Earth sciences 2004年第z1期47卷 89-100页

作者： CHEN Huizhong, SU Zhizhu, YANG Ping & DONG GuangrongKey Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 730000, china State Key Laboratory of Loess Quaternary Geology, institute of Earth Environment, chinese academy of sciences, Xi’an 710075, china institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, china 1. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou China 2. State Key Laboratory of Loess Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences 710075 Xi’an China 3. institute of Loess Plateau Shanxi University 030006 Taiyuan China

The desert and sandy land are the products of arid climate. The spatial distribution of modern deserts and sandy land in china and their relation to climate show following characteristics: arid and hyper-arid desert zones, at isohyet of less than 200 mm, are dominated by mobile dunes; semi-arid steppe and arid desert steppe with the precipitation between 200?00 mm, are dominated by semi-fixed and fixed sand dunes; the precipitation of sub-humid forest grassland and humid forest zones with scattered fixed sand land is higher than 400 mm. With this as reference, in combination with considerable amount of paleoclimatic data in desert regions and adjacent regions, the distributions of desert and sandy land in china during the last intergla-cial period, the last glacial maximum (LGM), and the Holocene megathermal, were preliminarily reconstructed. The results compared with that of today show that the distribution of desert and sandy land in china was greatly dwindled during last interglacial period, and the mobile dune area was about two-thirds of that of today's, but greatly expanded during LGM. However, the dwindling area of desert and sandy land in the Holocene megathermal was smaller than that in the last interglacial period. The forcing mechanism was mainly related to the changes of East Asian winter and summer monsoon, south-northward swing of the westerlies and the variations of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau monsoon intensity caused by global climate changes during the cold and warm intervals since the last interglacial period.

关键词： the glacial-interglacial period, desert, sandy land, spatial distribution.