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Investigation of the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake damages to the Zipingpu water Control Project and an assessment of its safety state

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2009年第4期52卷 820-834页

作者： GUAN ZhiCheng water resources and hydropower Planning & Design General institute, beijing100120, china 1. water resources and hydropower Planning & Design General institute Beijing 100120 China

On May 12, 2008, a major earthquake measured 8 on the Richter scale jolted Wenchuan County in Si- chuan Province, china with the epicentral intensity of XI degrees. Zipingpu Dam is located 17.17 km from the epicenter and the influence intensity at the damsite reached IX―X degrees. It is the first time in the world for such a high concrete-faced rockfill dam (CFRD) in china to experience such a strong earthquake occurring in such a short distance. Due to its location of special importance to the down- stream areas, the safety state and damaging condition of the Zipingpu Dam has attracted great atten- tions from various circles. Based on site investigation of the damages to the Zipingpu Dam and com- parison analysis of the observation data obtained before and after the earthquake, the paper makes a comprehensive assessment of the key technical issues relevant to this high CFRD, including its safety state and the high slope stability after the earthquake.

关键词： earthquake earthquake damage investigation concrete-faced rockfill dam dam project safety state Zipingpu Dam

A STUDY ON THE WARPING NEAR IRRIGATION HEADWORKOF THE LOWER REACH OF YELLOW RIVER

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International Journal of Sediment research 1999年第2期14卷 399-404页

作者： HUANG Jinchi WANG Yangui (china institute of water resources and hydropower research, Fuxinglu, A-l, beijing,10003., china)

The Yellow River is famous for its tremendous amount of sediment transport. Through a careful settlement, large amount of sediment laden flow can be diverted out for warping. however. for successfully completing a warping process, a series of technical measures must be taken and a precisely pre-planning is necessary. In this paper, a general description on the warping for soil improvement has been provided; some technical problems for a successful warping process were put forward and finally. a practical designing example on silt filling at headwork of an irrigation project is examined. The case study shows that drawing of flood water at hyper-concentration of sediment for warping is an effective measure to fully utilize water and sediment resources in the Lower Yellow River.

关键词： Warping Sediment transport Lower Yellow River

Simulation of influence of multi-defects on long-term working performance of high arch dam

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2011年第S1期54卷 1-8页

作者： ZHANG GuoXin ,LIU Yi,ZHENG CuiYing & FENG Fan State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of water Cycle in River Basin,beijing 10003.,china china institute of water resources and hydropower research,beijing 10003.,china 1. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of water Cycle in River Basin Beijing 100038 China

As an integrated structure,an arch dam is assumed to bear loads in its design ***,multi-defects,such as cracks and the opening of transverse joints,are unavoidable during construction and ***-defects will reduce the structural integrity and stiffness of the dam and affect its working performance and degree of *** the current paper,a numerical model of defects and a simulation method of a high arch dam are *** Chencun arch dam is analyzed as a case *** entire course simulation analysis of the Chencun arch dam from construction to operation is carried out,through which the opening of the transverse and longitudinal joints,formation of cracks,and their influence on deformation and stress of the dam are *** to the results of the analysis,appropriate measures should be adopted to prevent the development of cracks,and observation should be strengthened for a more timely discovery of risks.

关键词： high arch dam crack multi-defects working performance

A COUPLED MODEL OF HYDRODYNAMICS AND water QUALITY FOR YUQIAO RESERVOIR IN HAIHE RIVER BASIN

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第5期20卷 574-582页

作者： LIU Xiao-bo PENG Wen-qi HE Guo-jian LIU Jing-ling WANG Yu-chun School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of water Environment China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing100038 China Department of Hydraulic Engineering State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering TsinghuaUniversity Beijing 100084 China

In order to simulate the characteristics of hydrodynamic field and mass transport processes in the Yuqiao Reservoir （YQR）, a 2-D coupled model of hydrodynamics and water quality was developed, and the water-quality related state variables in this model included CODMn, TN and TP. The hydrodynamic model was driven by employing observed winds and daily measured flow data to simulate the seasonal water cycle of the reservoir. The simulation of the mass transport and transformation processes of CODMn, TN and TP was based on the unsteady diffusion equations, driven by observed meteorological forcing and external loadings, with the fluxes form the bottom of reservoir and the plant photosynthesis and respiration as internal sources and sinks. A finite volume method and Alternating Direction Implicit （ADI） scheme were used to solve these equations. The model was calibrated and verified by using the data observed from YQR in two different years. The results showed that in YQR, the wind-driven current was an important style of lake current, while the concentration of water quality item was decreasing from east to west because of the external pollutant loadings. There was a good agreement between the simulated and measured values, with the minimal calculation error percent of 0.1% and 2.6% and the mean error percent of 44.0% and 51.2% for TN and TP separately. The simulation also showed that, in YQR, the convection was the main process in estuaries of inflow river, and diffusion and biochemical processes dominate in center of reservoir. So it was necessary to build a pre-pond to reduce the external loadings into the reservoir.

关键词： model simulation Yuqiao Reservoir (YQR) wind driven current water quality

Modified vegetation-erosion dynamics model and its application in typical watersheds in the Loess Plateau

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International Journal of Sediment research 2011年第01期26卷 78-86页

作者： CHEN Yuehong~1,WANG Feixin~2,LIU Guangquan~3,YU Xinxiao~4, JIA Guodong~5,and GAN Ping~6 china institute of water resources and hydropower research,beijing 100048 International research and Training Center on Erosion and Sediment research,beijing 100048,china beijing Forestry University,beijing 100083,china. Key Lab of Dredging Technology of CCGRP,Shanghai waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co., Ltd,Shanghai 200120,china. International research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation china institute of water resources and hydropower research,beijing 100048 Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,china, beijing Forestry University,beijing 100083,china, beijing Forestry University,beijing 100083,china. china institute of water resources and hydropower research,beijing 100048,and International research and Training Center on Erosion and Sediment research,beijing 100048,china [a] Assoc. Prof. Dr. china institute of water resources and hydropower research beijing 100048 International research and Training Center on Erosion and Sediment research beijing 100048 china beijing Forestry University beijing 100083 china [b] Dr. Key Lab of Dredging Technology of CCGRP Shanghai waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co. Ltd Shanghai 200120 china [c] Prof. Dr. International research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation china institute of water resources and hydropower research beijing 100048 Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 china [d] Prof. Dr. beijing Forestry University beijing 100083 china [e] Dr. beijing Forestry University beijing 100083 china [f] Engineer china institute of water resources and hydropower research beijing 100048 and International research and Training Center on Erosion and Sediment research beijing 100048 china

The vegetation-erosion model was applied in three typical watersheds of hilly and gully area in the Loess Plateau in northwestern china to study the dynamic relations between vegetation coverage and soil erosion rate and various *** model was improved by introducing rainfall and runoff *** the modified model was applied in the Luergou and Luoyugou *** calculation results with the modified model were compared with the results of the original *** precisions of simulated vegetation coverage and soil erosion rate with the modified model were greatly improved compared with the original *** erosion rate reduced with increasing vegetation coverage and the human disturbance caused high soil erosion.

关键词： Soil erosion Vegetation coverage Vegetation-erosion dynamics model Loess Plateau Modified model

Eco-environment evolvement analysis of Ertan reservoir catchment based on remote sensing

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2011年第S1期54卷 95-100页

作者： PANG ZhiGuo ,GE DeXiang & FU Jun E State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of water Cycle in River Basin,,china institute of water resources and hydropower research,beijing 100048,china 1. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100048 China

hydropower project may bring with it social-economic profits as well as side *** built dam and reservoir often cause some problems to the surrounding areas,among which the ecological and environmental effects caused by hydropower projects are always concerned by the *** this article,we take the Ertan reservoir catchment as the research area and try to quantitatively analyze the variation of vegetation cover and soil erosion by remote sensing technique,and to comprehensively assess the evolvement and development trend of reservoir *** erosion,land use/cover are used as ecological and environmental indicators which reflect the changes before,after and in the period of the construction of Ertan hydropower *** by the multi-source remote sensing data(from satellite Landsat and CBERS) and DEM data,the land use/cover is interpreted through RS images which are classified both by unsupervised and supervised method,and the driving factors of the ecological changes are also *** the same time,the changes of soil loss are also monitored and analyzed during flood seasons of Ertan reservoir area before and after reservoir impoundment(1995,2000 and 2005) using the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) .The results show that during the recent 13 years the arable land area has decreased obviously,and construction area and water surface have increased *** increase of vegetation cover has some relations with the implementation of local ecological projects,i.e.,de-farming to forestry and de-farming to pasture *** the same time,changes may also be caused by the climate adjustment in the reservoir *** the ten years from 1995 to 2005,the high soil loss classes were transforming to lowly level classes *** of these show that the soil loss of Ertan reservoir area is getting better.

关键词： Ertan reservoir catchment eco-environment land use/cover soil loss remote sensing

Characteristics of the Lower Yellow River channel shrinkage and its discriminant parameters

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第5期53卷 1374-1386页

作者： HU ChunHong1 & ZHANG GuoGang2 1 china institute of water resources and hydropower research,beijing 10003.,china 2 Guangdong Electric Power Design institute,Guangzhou 510663,china 1. china institute of water resources and hydropower research Beijing 100038 China2. Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Guangzhou 510663 China

This paper analyzes the changing trends of the Lower Yellow River(LYR) transverse profile parameters and their aberrance points by the time series analysis *** results show that there has been a trend of changes in the LYR channel transverse profile parameters since the *** main river channel has a tendency of shrinkage year by year and the trend will be continued in the *** main features of the LYR channel shrinkage are remarkable reductions of bankfull dis-charges and bankfull areas,corresponding decreases of bankfull widths,average bankfull water depths and maximal bankfull water depths,as well as increases of bankfull water levels and width-depth ratios *** discriminant parameters for threshold of the LYR main channel shrinkage were put *** indicates that the LYR main channel began to shrink in the 1970s and has entered into a serious phase of channel shrinkage since the *** incompatible index of discharged water-sediment processes of the Sanmenxia Reservoir was introduced,which revealed that there was a trend of increasing in the incompatibility between water flow and sediment *** relations between the LYR main channel shrinkage parameters and discharged water-sediment processes of the Sanmenxia Reservoir were founded,which indicate that the LYR main channel shrinkage can be mitigated and improved through the regulation of discharged water-sediment processes of the reservoir,especially through the regulation of water-sediment incompatible *** LYR channel for water and sediment transportation can be restored and maintained.

关键词： Lower Yellow River time series analysis main river channel shrinkage discriminant parameters of channel shrinkage water-sediment incompatible index

Temporal and spatial distribution of dam failure events in china

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International Journal of Sediment research 2008年第4期23卷 398-405页

作者： X.Y.HE 1,Z.Y.WANG 2,and J.C.HUANG 31 Senior Engineer,Department of water Hazard research,china institute of water resources and hydropower research,beijing 10003.,china2 Prof.,State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,beijing 100084,china 3 Prof.,Department of water Hazard research,china institute of water resources and hydropower research,beijing 10003.,china [a]Senior Engineer Department of water Hazard research china institute of water resources and hydropower research beijing 10003. china [b]Prof. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University beijing 100084 china [c]Prof. Department of water Hazard research china institute of water resources and hydropower research beijing 10003. china

Reservoirs play a vital role in economic development and flood control. Nevertheless, both human and natural factors may lead to dam failures with catastrophic consequences. Analyzing the data of dam failure events from 1954 to 2003 and using the method of energy spectrum analysis, this paper studies the periodicity of dam failures. The rate of failure of different dam ages is analyzed. The climate is the main factor affecting the rate of dam failure. Climate diagrams are used to analyze the spatial distribution of dam failure events in china. High rate of dam failure occurs with 25-year and 12.5-year periods. The distribution of the percentage of dam failure shows an L-shape as a function of service age. The first 5 years of operation is known as the "infant period", during which, the probability of dam failure is much higher than during any other periods. The failure rate in areas near or north to the 400 mm annual isopluvial line is notably higher than other areas. In areas with high temperature difference among seasons have a high annual average dam failure rate.

关键词： Dam failure Temporal and spatial distribution Service age Climate diagram

Soil erosion and sediment transport in the gullied Loess Plateau:Scale effects and their mechanisms

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2009年第5期52卷 1283-1292页

作者： LI TieJian1,WANG GuangQian1,XUE Hai2,3 & WANG Kai4 1 State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,beijing 100084,china 2 Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,china 3 North china institute of water Conservancy and hydropower,Zhengzhou 450008,china 4 china institute of water resources and hydropower research,beijing 10003.,china 1. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China 2. Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd. Zhengzhou 450003 China 3. North china institute of water Conservancy and hydropower Zhengzhou 450008 China 4. china institute of water resources and hydropower research Beijing 100038 China

Scale effects exist in the whole process of rainfall-3-runoff-3-soil erosion-3-sediment transport in river basins. The differences of hydrographs and sediment graphs in different positions in a river basin are treated as basic scale effects, which are more complex in the gullied Loess Plateau, a region notorious for high intensity soil erosion and hyper-concentrated sediment-laden flow. The up-scaling method of direct extrapolation that maintains dynamical mechanism effective in large scale application was chosen as the methodology of this paper. Firstly, scale effects of hydrographs and sediment graphs were analyzed by using field data, and key sub-processes and their mechanisms contributing to scale effects were clearly defined. Then, the Digital Yellow River Model that integrates sub-models for the subprocesses was used with high resolution to simulate rainfall-3-runoff-3-soil erosion-3-sediment transport response in Chabagou watershed, and the distributed results representing scale effects were obtained. Finally, analysis on the simulation results was carried out. It was shown that gravitational erosion and hyper-concentrated flow contribute most to the spatial variation of hydrographs and sediment graphs in the spatial scale. Different spatial scale distributions and superposition of different sub-processes are the mechanisms of scale effects.

关键词： scale effect soil erosion hyper-concentrated sediment-laden flow the Loess Plateau