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Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of sources of porcelain body of Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelains

science china({2.,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第4期49卷 411-420页

作者： LI Guoxia1, ZHAO Weijuan1, LI Rongwu2. SUN Hongwei1, GUO Min1, WANG Yanfang1, LIU Hui1, ZHAO Qingyun3, SUN Xinmin3, ZHAO Wenjun3 & CHENG Huansheng4.1. Faculty of Physical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 4.0052. china 2. Department of {4., {2. Normal University, {2. 100875, china 3. Institute of Cultural Relic and Archaeology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 4.0000, china 4. Institute of Modern {4., Fudan University, Shanghai 2.04.3, china Faculty of Physical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Department of physics Beijing Normal University Beijing China Institute of Cultural Relic and Archaeology of Henan Province Zhengzhou China Institute of Modern physics Fudan University Shanghai China

34.samples of Ru Guan porcelain body and 50 samples of Jun Guan porcelain body (both kinds being in different body colors) were selected with the purpose of finding out the source of raw materials and their classification relationship so as to search for ways of non-destructive discrimination. Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) has been applied to these samples to determine their chemical elements. The data of seven major chemical elements collected from these samples were further studied through fuzzy cluster analysis. Results indicate that the origin of raw materials of Jun Guan porcelain body samples is comparatively more concentrated in certain places, while that of Ru Guan porcelain body samples is scattered about. The places of origin of raw materials of the majority of Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelain body samples have something in common, but some differences still exist. It might be an important way for non-destructive discrimination among Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelains by combining PIXE with fuzzy cluster analysis.

关键词： Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelain, source of porcelain body, PIXE, fuzzy cluster analysis, non-destructive discrimination.

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A three-dimensional variational ocean data assimilation system:Scheme and preliminary results

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science china Earth {2. 2006年第11期49卷 1212-1222页

作者： ZHU Jiang1,2. ZHOU Guangqing1, YAN Changxiang1, FU Weiwei1 & YOU Xiaobao1,3 1. International center for Climate and Environment sciences, Institute of Atmospheric {2., Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 10002., china 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information science and Technology, Nanjing 2.004., china 3. beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology, beijing 10002., china International center for Climate and Environment sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology Beijing China

A new 3DVAR-based Ocean Variational Analysis System (OVALS) is developed. OVALS is capable of assimilating in situ sea water temperature and salinity observations and satellite altimetry data. As a component of OVALS, a new variational scheme is proposed to assimilate the sea surface height data. This scheme considers both the vertical correlation of background errors and the nonlinear temperature-salinity relationship which is derived from the generalization of the linear balance constraints to the nonlinear in the 3DVAR. By this scheme, the model temperature and salinity fields are directly adjusted from the altimetry data. Additionally, OVALS can assimilate the temperature and salinity profiles from the ARGO floats which have been implemented in recent years and some temperature and salinity data such as from expendable bathythermograph, moored ocean buoys, etc. A 2.-year assimilation experiment is carried out by using OVALS and the Tropical Pacific circulation model. The results show that the assimilation system may effectively improve the estimations of temperature and salinity by assimilating all kinds of observations. Moreover, the root mean square errors of temperature and salinity in the upper depth less than 4.0} m reach 0.63℃ and 0.34.psu.

关键词： data assimilation, 3DVAR, sea surface height, ARGO floats.

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How random are matrix elements of the nuclear shell model Hamiltonian?

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science china({2.,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第10期52卷 1477-1481页

作者： SHEN JiaJie1 & ZHAO YuMing1,2.3,4.1 Department of physics,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 2.02.0,{4. 2.{2. of theoretical Nuclear physics,National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator,Lanzhou 730000,{4. 3 Nishina {2.,Institute of Physical Chemical Research(RIKEN),Hirosawa 2.1,Wako-shi,Saitama 351-0198,Japan 4.CCAST,World Laboratory,beijing 100080,{4. Department of physics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China center of theoretical Nuclear {2. National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator Lanzhou China Nishina center Institute of Physical Chemical Research (RIKEN) Saitama Japan

In this paper we study the general behavior of matrix elements of the nuclear shell model *** find that nonzero off-diagonal elements exhibit a regular pattern,if one sorts the diagonal matrix elements from smaller to larger *** correlation between eigenvalues and diagonal matrix elements for the shell model Hamiltonian is more remarkable than that for random matrices with the same distribution unless the dimension is small.

关键词： nuclear shell model geometry property linear correlation randomize

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Evolution of desertification in a two-dimensional energy balance model coupled with thermodynamics and dynamics

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science china Earth {2. 2010年第11期53卷 1726-1733页

作者： CHAO JiPing1,2.& LI YaoKun3,4.1National Marine Environmental Forecasting center, beijing 100081,{2. 2.irst Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 2.6061,{2. 3State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 10002.,{2. 4.raduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences,{14.,{2. National Marine Environmental Forecasting center Beijing China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China

The relationship between desert evolution and change in albedo has been investigated quasi-analytically using a zonal mean two-dimensional energy balance model which considers the radiation transmission process due to thermodynamics and bound- ary layer movement caused by kinetics. A climate state including temperature, zonal wind, meridional wind and vertical wind can be simulated according to the current zonal distribution of albedo. Given desert distribution, characterized by the value and distribution of albedo, the response of climate on albedo has been studied to analyze the evolution of desert climate. One significant result is that the simple model can reproduce mean meridional circulation. Another result indicates that climate corresponds to two equilibria. This happens when the junction temperature between vegetation and desert is higher than a certain critical value. As for the first equilibrium, the desert belt is predicted to move southward in the northern hemisphere with the increasing values of albedo, which corresponds to the current trend of climate change. For the second equilibrium, vegetation will expand northward with increasing values of albedo, which would indicate a narrowing of the desert belt. In order to determine if the two equilibria exist, new physical models are needed.

关键词： two-dimensional energy balance model desertification two equilibria

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The gravity wave instability induced by photochemistry in summer polar mesopause region

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Chinese science Bulletin 2000年第3期45卷 267-272页

作者： center for Space science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of {2., beijing 100080,{4. Laboratory of Numeric Study of Heliospheric physics, Chinese Academy of {2., beijing 100080,{4. center for Space science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Laboratory of Numeric Study of Heliospheric physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The effect of diabatic process due to the photochemical heating and cooling on the gravity wave propagation in middle atmosphere is studied. A linear gravity wave model which considers the diabatic process is established. The unstable region and the growth rate of the gravity wave caused by photochemistry are calculated. And the comparison between the model and the adiabatic gravity wave theory of pure dynamics is made. The results indicate that the photochemical heating process can induce the instability of gravity wave at mesopause. The intensity of the instability becomes stronger as the temperature decreases. The temperature feature and the altitude characteristics of the instability are consistent with the observation. Therefore, the instability of the gravity wave induced by photochemistry may be an important mechanism in polar mesopause region in summer.

关键词： photochemistry instability gravity wave growth rate.

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High-pressure synthesis and properties of CeO_2.ZrO_2.solid solution

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Chinese science Bulletin 2001年第10期46卷 801-806页

作者： XU Dapeng, WANG Quanyong, LU Zhe, LIU Zhiguo, ZHANG Gongmu & SU Wenhui1. Department of physics, Jilin University, Changchun 13002. china 2. International {2. for Materials physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Shenyang 110015, china 3. {2. for Condensed Matter and Radiation physics, china {2. of Advanced science and Technology (World Laboratory), beijing 100080, china Department of physics Jilin University Changchun China International center for Materials physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China center for Condensed Matter and Radiation physics China Center of Advanced Science and Technology (World Laboratory) Beijing China

Using nanoparticles of CeO2.and ZrO2.prepared by the chemical precipitation method as starting materials, the single-phase cubic Ce0.5Zr0.5O2.solid solution (c-Ce0.5Z0.5O2. has been synthesized under 3.1 GPa at 1073 K for the first time. The structure of the c-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2.has not been changed before and after annealing at 773 K for 1 h. Only an unknown EPR signal (g =1.990) has been observed in the c-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2.and not varied after annealing at 773 K for 1 h, which exhibited that there exists no Ce3+ in the c-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2.and the Ce4. has not been reduced into Ce3+ after annealing. The transport mechanism is ionic for the c-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2. The bulk conductivity (a =1.2.10-5 S/cm at 82. K, σ=2.1 ×10-3 S/cm at 112. K) is the same as that of CeO2. but smaller than that of Y2.3-stabilized ZrO2. A marked curvature at T = 82. K has been observed in the Arrhenius plot of the bulk conductivity. The activation energy below 82. K is lower than that above 82. K, and the reason has been discussed.

关键词： CeO2.ZrO2 nanocrystalline high-pressure and -temperature solid-state reaction solid solution.

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Local and non-local sources of airborne particulate pollution at beijing——The ratio of Mg/Al as an element tracer for estimating the contributions of mineral aerosols from outside beijing

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science china Chemistry 2005年第3期48卷 253-264页

作者： HAN Lihui1, ZHUANG Guoshun1,2.3, SUN Yele1 & WANG Zifa3 1. The center for Atmospheric Environmental Study, Department of Chemistry, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875,{4. 2. center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 2.04.3,{4. 3. LAPC/NZC, Institute of Atmospheric physics, CAS, beijing 10002.,{4. The center for Atmospheric Environmental Study Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing China center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University Shanghai China Institute of Atmospheric physics CAS LAPC/NZC Beijing China

A new element tracer technique has firstly been established to estimate the contri-butions of mineral aerosols from both inside and outside beijing. The ratio of Mg/Al in aerosol is a feasible element tracer to distinguish between the sources of inside and outside beijing. Mineral aerosol, inorganic pollution aerosol mainly as sulfate and nitrate, and organic aerosol are the major components of airborne particulates in beijing, of which mineral aerosol accounted for 32.―67% of total suspended particles （TSP）, 10%―70% of fine particles （PM2.5）, and as high as 74. and 90% of TSP and PM2.5, respectively, in dust storm. The sources from outside beijing contributed 62. （38%―86%） of the total mineral aerosols in TSP, 69% （52.―90%） in PM10, and 76% （59%―93%） in PM2.5 in spring, and 69% （52.―83%）, 79% （52.―93%）, and 4.% （7%―79%） in TSP, PM10, and PM2.5, respectively, in winter, while only2.% in summer and autumn. The sources from outside beijing contributed as high as 97% during dust storm and were the dominant source of airborne particulates in beijing. The contributions from outside Bei-jing in spring and winter are higher than those in summer, indicating clearly that it was related to the various meteorological factors.

关键词： mineral aerosol local sources non-local sources dust storm re-suspended dust element tracer technique.

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Inconsistency between WMAP data and released map

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Chinese science Bulletin 2010年第10期55卷 907-909页

作者： LIU Hao1 & LI TiPei1,2.3 1 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics,Institute of High Energy physics,Chinese Academy of {2.,{4. 10004.,china 2.Department of physics & center for Astrophysics,Tsinghua University,{4. 100084.china 3 Department of Engineering physics & center for Astrophysics,Tsinghua University,{4. 100084.china Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of physics & center for Astrophysics Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Engineering physics & center for Astrophysics Tsinghua University Beijing China

A remarkable inconsistency between the calibrated differential time-ordered data (TOD) of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) mission,which is the input for map-making,and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature maps published by the WMAP team is revealed,indicating that there must exist a serious problem in the map making routine of the WMAP *** inconsistency is easy to be confirmed without the use of WMAP map-making *** view of the importance of this issue for cosmology study,we invite readers to check it by themselves.

关键词：威尔金森微波各向异性探测器 WMAP 地图制作宇宙微波背景有序数据制作软件 TOD CMB

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Systematic distortion in cosmic microwave background maps

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science china({2.,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第5期52卷 804-808页

作者： LIU Hao 1,3 &LI TiPei 1,2.1Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics,Institute of High Energy physics,Chinese Academy of {2.,{4. 10004.,china 2.6} for Astrophysics,Tsinghua University,{4. 100084.china 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of {2.,{4. 10004.,china Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China center for Astrophysics Tsinghua University Beijing China

To minimize instrumentally the induced systematic errors,cosmic microwave background(CMB)anisotropy experiments measure temperature differences across the sky using pairs of horn antennas, temperature map is recovered from temperature difference obtained in sky survey through a map-making *** inspect and calibrate residual systematic errors in the recovered temperature maps is important as most previous studies of cosmology are based on these *** analyzing pixel-ring coupling and latitude dependence of CMB temperatures,we find notable systematic devia- tion from CMB Gaussianity in released Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe(WMAP)*** detected deviation cannot be explained by the best-fit LCDM cosmological model at a confidence level above 99%and cannot be ignored for a precision cosmology study.

关键词： cosmology cosmic microwave background methods data analysis

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Three-dimensional decomposition method of global atmospheric circulation

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science china Earth {2. 2008年第3期51卷 386-402页

作者： LIU HaiTao1,2.3, HU ShuJuan4. XU Ming5 & CHOU JiFan6,7 1 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, {4. 10002., china 2.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 10004., china 3 {4. Climate center, {4. 100089, china 4.Department of Mathematics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, china 5 Shanghai Typhoon Institute, Shanghai 2.0030, china 6 Department of Atmospheric sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, china 7 china Meteorological Administration Training center, {4. 100089, china State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China beijing Climate center Beijing China Department of Mathematics Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Shanghai Typhoon Institute Shanghai China Department of Atmospheric sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China china Meteorological Administration Training center Beijing China

By adopting the idea of three-dimensional Walker, Hadley and Rossby stream functions, the global atmospheric circulation can be considered as the sum of three stream functions from a global perspective. Therefore, a m... 详细信息

关键词： three-dimensional decomposition of the global atmospheric circulation generalized Walker Hadley and Rossby stream functions existence and uniqueness vertical motion

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