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DISCRETE APPROXIMATIONS FOR SINGULARLY PERTURBED BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS WITH PARABOLIC LAYERS, III

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 1996年第2期14卷 273-290页

作者： P.A. Farrell(Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kent State University, USA)P.W. Hemker(CWI Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, amsterdam, the netherlands)G.I. Shishkin(IMM, institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Ural Branch of the Kent State University 美国 Center for Mathematics and Computer Science 荷兰 institute of Mathematics and Mechanics 俄罗斯

In this series of three papers we study singularly perturbed (SP) boundary vaue problems for equations of elliptic and parabolic troe. For small values of the perturbation parameter parabolic boundary and interior layers appear in these problems. If classical discretisation methods are used, the solution of the finite difference scheme and the approximation of the diffusive flux do not converge uniformly with respect to this parameter. Using the method of special, adapted grids,we can construct difference schemes that allow approkimation of the solution and the normalised diffusive flux uniformly with respect to the small *** also consider singularly perturbed boundary value problems for convection diffusion equations. Also for these problems we construct special finite difference schemes, the solution of which converges E-uniformly We study what problems appear, when classical schemes are used for the approximation of the spatial deriva tives. We compare the results with those obtained by the adapted approach. Results of numerical experiments are *** the three papers we first give an introduction on the general problem, and then we consider respectively (i) Problems for SP parabolic equations, for which the solution and the normalised diffusive fluxes are required; (ii) Problems for SP elliptic equations with boundary conditions of Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin type;(iii) Problems for SP parabolic eqllation with discontinuous boundaxy conditions

关键词： III DISCRETE APPROXIMATIONS FOR SINGULARLY PERTURBED BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS WITH PARABOLIC LAYERS

Morphological variation in fossil crayfish of the Jehol biota,Liaoning Province,China and its texonomic discrimination

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第1期46卷 26-33页

作者： SHEN Yanbin, Frederick R. Schram & Rod S. Taylor Nanjing institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China Zoological Museum, University of amsterdam, P. O. Box 94766, 1090 GT amsterdam, the netherlands Department of Earth Sciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom Nanjing institute of Geology and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China Zoological Museum University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Earth Sciences Cambridge University Cambridge UK

Twelve morphological characteristics in 61 fossil crayfish specimens, which came from the Upper Jurassic Yixian Formation, are discussed respectively in the present paper. A study of these new and better preserved materials allows us to add to and revise the original description for Family Cricoidoscelosidae. In our collection, no modifications of the second pleopod of the males have yet been noted. This would be a crucial factor for the diagnosis of the family. Based on the presence of annulus ventralis in both Cricoidoscelosus and Palaeocambarus, they would appear to be very closely allied to those characteristics of the Family Cambaridae. In regard to the family Protastacidae, we seriously doubt it is actually crayfish, in light of the lack of any apomorphies identifiable within the Astacida, and their marine habitat.

关键词： crayfish morphological variation taxonomy Upper Jurassic Jehol biota.

Indigenous Knowledge of Natural Resource Management and Population Control for Dong Ethnic Group in Guizhou Province

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2010年第3期8卷 11-16页

作者： Yuan Juanwen1,2, Wu Quanxing3 1. School of Resources and Environmental Management, Guizhou College of Finance and Economics, Guiyang Guizhou 550004, China 2. Sociology of Consumers and Households, Wageningen University and research, Wageningen, 6700 KN, the netherlands 3. Cultural institute, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Kaili Guizhou 556000, China School of Resources and Environmental Management Guizhou College of Finance and Economics Guiyang Guizhou 550004 China Sociology of Consumers and Households Wageningen University and Research Wageningen 6700 KN The Netherlands Cultural institute Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Kaili Guizhou 556000 China

Dong ethnic people have rich indigenous knowledge in terms of their daily life and production, which plays an important role in the sustainable development of their village. This paper aims to understand traditional knowledge of Dong ethnic people in resource management and population control, including traditional resource management, traditional medicinal knowledge and village regulations in Zhanli Village in Southeast Guizhou Province. The research methods include key informant interview, group discussion, participant observation and secondary data collect- ing. The results show that Zhanli villagers try their best to utilize indigenous knowledge to manage the natural resources and keep the stable population to make themselves live in a sustainable way. Indigenous knowledge plays an important role in managing their limited natural resources and keeping the population stable under an excellent condition. Zhanli villagers employ indigenous knowledge to manage natural resources and use local herbs to control the population. Village regulation terms significantly influence villagers’ awareness in resource management and birth control. Women play the chief role in employing indigenous knowledge in weaving as well as medicinal knowledge in birth control, and these kinds of knowledge are passed down through the female line. However, the inheritance style of traditional knowledge is decreasing. Indig- enous knowledge plays an important role in the sustainable development of this village, which gives implications for development practices to involve indigenous knowledge to achieve sustainable development.

关键词： traditional knowledge natural resource management population control Dong ethnicity Guizhou

Orcadian rhythm of salivary serotonin in patients with major depressive disorder

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Orcadian rhythm of salivary serotonin in patients with major...

ORIGIN OF MONOAMINERGIC INNERVATION OF THE NUCLEUS RAPHE MAGNUS——A COMBINED MONOAMINE HISTOCHEMISTRY AND FLUORESCENT RETROGRADE TRACING STUDY IN THE RAT

中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第七届全国学术会议

作者： Zhong-Lin TAN~(1,2),Ai-Min BAO~3,Ming TAO~2,Ya-Jing LIU1,Jiang-Ning ZHOU~1 1 Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Neurobiology,School of Life Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,China 2 Hangzhou Psychiatric Hospital,Hangzhou,China 3 netherlands institute for Neuroscience,amsterdam 1105 az,the netherlands

＜正＞Aim The present study aimed to explore the circadian rhythm of salivary serotonin in patients with major depressive disorder before and after treatment with fluoxetine and its relationship with clinical therapeutic *** This study investigated salivary serotonin in 13 outpatients with major depressive disorder and age- and sex-matched healthy *** patients received six weeks fluoxetine treatment（20 mg/d）,saliva was collected before and four weeks after treatment.A total of 8 time-point salivary serotonin was measured across the whole *** cosinor model was used to fit the *** Serotonin concentration in saliva ranged from 0.32 ng/mL to 9.62 ng/mL. Salivary serotonin showed prominent circadian rhythm in 91%depressed patients and 92%healthy *** amplitude tend to be higher after fluoxetine treatment in depressed patients,so as the ultradian cycle ***△serotonin circadian amplitude（After minus Before） was positively correlated with the decrease of Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale（SDS） scores at d 42 whereas there was no such correlation at d *** was no significant difference in the parameters of mesor,acrophase,harmonic and area under curve among three *** Salivary serotonin in patients with major depressive disorder showed clear circadian *** relationship between the increase of salivary serotonin amplitude and clinical response deserve further study.

关键词： serotonin circadian rhythm saliva major depressive disorder fluoxetine

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中国科学B辑(英文版) 1986年第6期29卷 599-608页

作者：董新文沈锷 Shanghai institute of Physiology Academia Sinica Shanghai brain research institute Academia Sinica

By the use of the fluorescent retrograde tracer, Fast Blue (FB), in combination with monoamine fluorescence histochemistry, the origin of monoaminergic input to the region of the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) was investigated in the rat. After mieroinjection of FB into the NRM, a great number of FB-laboled NA-containing cells were found in the region of the nucleus reticularis lateralis (corresponding to A1 NA areas), the reticular formation just dorsolateral to the nucleus olivaris inferior (corresponding to the A3 NA area), the ventral part of the locus coeruleus (A6 NA area), and the lateral parts of the nucleus raphe dorsalis (B7 area). In the other NA cell groups of the brain stem, FB-labeled cells could not be observed. Serotoninergic input originating from nucleus raphe obscurus (B2), nucleus raphe pallidus (B1) and nucleus raphe pontis (BS-B6) to the NRM was also observed. A large number of cells containing serotonin (5-HT) in the B2 and B6 areas were labeled by FB, while only a few FB-labeled 5-HT

关键词： nucleus raphe dorsalis labeled ventral locus serotonin inferior retrograde illumination

The role of the DLPFC in inductive reasoning of MCI patients and normal agings:An fMRI study

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2009年第8期52卷 789-795页

作者： YANG YanHui1,3,LIANG PeiPeng2,3,LU ShengFu2,3,LI KunCheng1,3 & ZHONG Ning2,3,4 1 Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100053,China 2 The International WIC institute,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China 3 Beijing Municipal Lab of brain Informatics,Beijing 100124,China 4 Department of Life Science and Informatics,Maebashi institute of Technology,Maebashi 371-0816,Japan Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100053 China The International WIC institute Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China Beijing Municipal Lab of brain Informatics Beijing 100124 China Department of Life Science and Informatics Maebashi Institute of Technology Maebashi 371-0816 Japan

Previous studies of young people have revealed that the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC) plays an important role in inductive *** fMRI experiment was performed in this study to examine whether the left DLPFC was involved in inductive reasoning of MCI patients and normal agings,and whether the activation pattern of this region was different between MCI patients and normal *** fMRI results indicated that MCI patients had no difference from normal agings in behavior performance(reaction time and accuracy) and the activation pattern of ***,the BOLD response of the DLPFC region for MCI patients was weaker than that for normal agings,and the functional connectivity between the bilateral DLPFC regions for MCI patients was significantly higher than for normal *** together,these results indicated that DLPFC plays an important role in inductive reasoning of agings,and the functional abnormity of DLPFC may be an earlier marker of MCI before structural alterations.

关键词： mild cognitive impairment functional MRI inductive reasoning

Surface N Balances in Agricultural Crop Production Systems in China for the Period 1980-2015

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Pedosphere 2008年第3期18卷 304-315页

作者： SUN Bo SHEN Run-Ping A. F. BOUWMAN Institate of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 （China） National institute for Public Health and the Environment P. O. Box 303 3720 AH Bilthoven （The Netherlands）

Surface nitrogen （N） balances for China＇s crop production systems was estimated using statistical data collected from 1980 to 2004 at the national and provincial scale and from 1994 to 1999 at the county level. There was a surplus N balance throughout these periods, but the surplus was nearly stable in recent years. Projections using nonseasonal Box-Jenkins model or exponential models show that the N surplus for the total cultivated land in China was likely to increase from 142.8 kg ha^-1 in 2004 to 168.6 kg ha 1 in 2015. The N balance surplus in the more developed southeastern provinces was the largest, and was slightly less in the central region, which caused the nitrate pollution in the ground water. The N surplus was much less in the western and northern provinces because of lower synthetic fertilizer inputs. The region with high N risk includes Beijing Municipality and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, and Shandong provinces for 2002-2004. The projections suggested that 15 provinces （or municipalities） in the middle and southeastern part of China except Jiangxi and Shanxi provinces would become the high-risk region by 2015. The level of economic development, transportation, and labor force condition had an important effect on the N balance surplus at the county level, but the last two factors showed remarkable impact at the provincial level. To decrease the nonpoint pollution （Npp） risk from crop production, the authors suggested to reduce the target level for national grain self-sufficiency to 90%-95% and change the regional structure of grain production by moving some of the future grain production from the high Npp risk areas of eastern China to parts of the central and western provinces where the Npp risk was much less.

关键词： agriculture China driving force nonpoint pollution risk surface nitrogen balance

Chronic morphine treatment decreases acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition in rats

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第11期53卷 1356-1360页

作者： MENG ZhiQiang1,3, ZHOU DongMing1,2, WANG JianHong1 & MA YuanYe1,2 1State Key Laboratory of brain and Cognitive Science, Kunming institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China 2State Key Laboratory of brain and Cognitive Science, institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 3Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 1. State Key Laboratory of brain and Cognitive Science Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China2. State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The reward-related effects of addictive drugs primarily act via the dopamine system, which also plays an important role in sensorimotor gating. The mesolimbic dopamine system is the common pathway of drug addiction and sensorimotor gating. However, the way in which addictive drugs affect sensorimotor gating is currently unclear. In previous studies, we examined the effects of morphine treatment on sensory gating in the hippocampus. The present study investigated the effects of morphine on sensorimotor gating in rats during chronic morphine treatment and withdrawal. Rats were examined during treatment with morphine for 10 successive days, followed by a withdrawal period. Acoustic startle responses to a single startle stimulus (115 dB SPL) and prepulse inhibition responses were recorded. The results showed that acoustic startle responses were attenuated during morphine treatment, but not during withdrawal. PPI was impaired in the last 2 morphine treatment days, but returned to a normal level during withdrawal.

关键词： morphine treatment sensorimotor gating startle response prepulse inhibition

Monitoring Glacier and Supra-glacier Lakes from Space in Mt. Qomolangma Region of the Himalayas on the Tibetan Plateau in China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第3期6卷 211-220页

作者： YE Qinghua ZHONG Zhenwei KANG Shichang Alfred Stein WEI Qiufang LIU Jingshi Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100085 China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University Beijing 100101 China International institutefor Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) PO Box 67500 AA Enschede The Netherlands

Because of the large number and remoteness, satellite data, including microwave data and optical imagery, have commonly been used in alpine glaciers surveys. Using remote sensing and Geographical Information System （GIS） techniques, the paper presents the results of a multitemporal satellite glacier extent mapping and glacier changes by glacier sizes in the Mt. Qomolangma region at the northern slopes of the middle Himalayas over the Tibetan Plateau. Glaciers in this region have both retreated and advanced in the past 35 years, with retreat dominating. The glacier retreat area was 3.23 km2 （or o.75 km^2 yr^-1 during 1974 and 1976, 8.68 km^2 （or 0.36 km^2 yr^-1 during 1976 and 1992, 1.44 km^2 （or 0.12 km^2 yr^-1） during 1992-2ooo. 1.14 km^2 （or 0.22 km^2 yr^-1 during 2000-2003, and 0.52 km^2 （or 0.07 km^2 yr^-1 during 2003-2008, respectively. While supra-glacier lakes on the debris-terminus of the Rongbuk Glacier were enlarged dramatically at the same time, from 0.05 km^2 in 1974 increased to 0.71 km^2 in 2008, which was more than 13 times larger in the last 35 years. In addition, glacier changes also showed spatial differences, for example, glacier retreat rate was the fastest at glacier termini between 5400 and 5700 m a.s.l than at other elevations. The result also shows that glaciers in the middle Himalayas retreat almost at a same pace with those in the western Himalayas.

关键词： Glacier lake Remote Sensing Mr. Qomolangma region Himalayas Tibetan Plateau