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Spatial distribution of 10m firn temperature in the Antarctic Ice Sheet

science china Earth sciences 2011年第5期54卷 655-666页

作者： WANG YeTang1,3 & HOU ShuGui2,3 1 Shandong Marine Fisheries research institute,Yantai 264006,china 2 MOE,key laboratory for Coast and Island Development,School of Geographic and Oceanographic {5.s,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,china 3state key laboratory of cryospheric science,cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute,chinese academy of {5.s,lanzhou 730000,china Shandong Marine Fisheries research institute Yantai China state key laboratory of cryospheric science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China MOE Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China

A database of Antarctic 10 m firn temperature was constructed using available borehole temperature measurements with data quality control to extend knowledge of Antarctic climate. Slopes from a high-resolution digital elevation model and the main ice divide were used to delineate main drainage sectors across Antarctica. In each drainage sector, a quantitative relationship between temperature and latitude, longitude and altitude was established using available tim temperature data. Quantitative relationships incorporating other factors affecting Antarctic air temperature such as atmospheric circulation and small-scale to- pography were used to derive a 10-km resolution grid map of surface temperature. The resulting temperature patterns presented a reasonable depiction of both large and small-scale variations in Antarctic 10 m firn temperature. This map is useful for many spatial variation studies, Antarctic ice sheet models, and comparison with satellite-derived temperature data and outputs of atmospheric general circulation models.

关键词： Antarctica 10 m firn temperature spatial distribution

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Glacier changes during the last forty years in the Tarim Interior River basin,northwest china

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2009年第6期19卷 727-732页

作者： Donghui Shangguana, Shiyin Liu a,b, Yongjian Dinga, Lianfu Dinga, Junli Xua, Li Jing a a state key laboratory of cryospheric science, {5. & arid regions environmental & engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, {15., china b institute for Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, china state key laboratory of cryospheric science Cold & Arid Regions Environmental & Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China institute for Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

By comparing digitized glacier outlines from the chinese Glacier Inventory (CGI) during the 1960s-1970s and Landsat Enhance Thematic Mapper (ETM+) images from 1999 to 2001, we investigated changes for about 7665.alpine glaciers among 11665.glaciers in seven sub-basins of the Tarim Interior River basin (TIRB). The results showed that the total glacier area was reduced by 3.3% from the 1960s/ 1970s to 1999/2001 and area losses for 1-5.km2 glaciers accounted for 48.3% of the total glacier area loss in the TIRB. However, the glacier area reductions varied from 0.7% to 7.9% among the seven sub-basins of the TIRB during the study period. The glacier area changing with altitude showed that the maximum contribution of area shrinkage occurred at 4900-5.00 m. Data from 25.meteorological stations in the TIRB showed increases in both the annual mean air temperature and annual precipitation during 1960-2000. This indicates that the glacier shrinkage in the TIRB over the last 40 years was largely due to regional climate warming that enhanced glacier ablation and overcame the effects of increased precipitation on the glacier mass balance.

关键词： Glacier change Climate change Remote sensing

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Vicissitude of Sogo Nur and environmental-climatic change during last 15.0 years

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science china Earth sciences 2004年第z1期47卷 61-70页

作者： JIN Heling, XIAO Honglang, SUN Liangying, ZHANG Hong, SUN Zhong & LI Xiaozekey laboratory of Desert and Desertification, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of {5.s, lanzhou 730000, china School of Resources and Environment, lanzhou University, lanzhou 730000, china key laboratory of Desert and Desertification Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China School of Resources and Environment Lanzhou University Lanzhou China

Lakes in arid zone are sensitive to climatic changes. The lacustrine sediment sequence in Sogo Nur has well and truly recorded climatic events such as the Sui-Tang Dynasty Warm Period, the Song-Liao Dynasty cold Period, the Medieval Warm Period, the Little Ice Age and the 20th Century Warm Period. Commonly, the climate in warm Periods was relatively humid,accordingly the lake area extended and water level rose, and vice versa. Apart from climatic change, human activity is also an important factor of influencing lake vicissitude, and they played the dominant role alternatively during different periods; the factor of climatic change predominated in historical period, while since the beginning of the 20th century the utilization of water resources by human has became decisive.

关键词： granularity, soluble salt, lake vicissitude, climatic change, Sogo Nur.

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Identification of Ice Elevation Change of the Shuiguan River No.4 Glacier in the Qilian Mountains,china

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Journal of Mountain science 2010年第4期7卷 375-379页

作者： LI Jing LIU Shiyin SHANGGUAN Donghui ZHANG Yinsong state key laboratory of cryospheric sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

GPS measurement,an effective method for surveying glacier surface topography,has been applied in some glaciers for many *** Shuiguan River No.4 glacier,a small glacier with its area of 1.84 km2 in 1972,located in the east of the Qilian Mountains,china,was selected to study its ice elevation change using GPS measurement in *** study was conducted on the ablation area with GPS-measured area 0.5.*** ice elevation change of the glacier was obtained by comparing the DEM obtained by a 1:5. 000 topographic map made in 1972 with the DEM by GPS-measured data acquired in *** differences of the two DEMs showed the thinning condition of the glacier was *** mean thinning was 15.8 m with the mean thinning rate of 0.42±0.22 m a-1 for 1972-2007 in the measurement area,which equaled 0.38±0.20 m yr-1 in water equivalent(w.e.).The prominent thinning occurred on the south part of the glacier,which was the area near the glacier terminus with the maximum thinning of 41±8 *** the thinning value of 15.8 m for the glacier area below 4640 m a.s.l.,the wasting ice mass was calculated to be 6.4±3.2×10-3 km3 for 1972-2007,corresponding to 5.7±2.8×10-3 km3 w.e.,which meant that the montane runoff released by the glacier was at least 5.7±2.8×106 m3 between 1972-2007.

关键词： GPS RTK DEM Glacier mass balance Mountane runoff

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Sea-salt aerosol transport patterns over the Northern Hemisphere inferred from two subarctic ice core records

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science china Earth sciences 2005年第4期48卷 576-584页

作者： YAN Yuping1,2, KANG Shichang2,3,5. SUN Junying4,5. Paul A. Mayewski2 & QIN Dahe5.1. National Climate Center, china Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, china 2. Climate Change institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA 3. institute of Tibetan Plateau research, {5. academy of sciences, Beijing 100085. china 4. {5. academy of Meteorological sciences, Beijing 100081, china 5. key laboratory of Ice Core and {15. regions Environment, {15. and arid environmental and engineering research institute, {5. academy of sciences, lanzhou 730000, china National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing China Climate Change institute University of Maine Orono ME USA institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China key laboratory of Ice Core and cold regions Environment Cold and Arid Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China chinese academy of Meteorological sciences Beijing China

Atmospheric circulation reconstruction based on glaciochemical records requires knowledge of chemical concentration controls, such as source, transport pathway and strength. To gain insight into these processes, the relationships between glaciochemical records from two Northern Hemisphere sites (Mt. Logan in Yukon Territory and 20D in southern Greenland) and instrumental sea level pressure (SLP) series are investigated. Calibrations between Mt. Logan sea-salt sodium (ssNa+) concentration and SLP series show that ssNa+ concentrations are closely correlated with the autumntime (SON) Aleutian Low and the summertime (JJA) North Pacific Subtropical High. Both the deepened Aleutian Low and enhanced North Pacific Sub- tropical High strengthen the transport of sea-salt aerosols from the North Pacific to the Mt. Logan region. Calibrations between 20D ssNa+ concentrations and SLP series indicate that ssNa+ concentrations are closely related to the wintertime (Jan.) Icelandic Low. A deepening of the Icelandic Low strengthens winter storms and frequent cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic and pushes more sea-salt laden air masses to the Greenland ice sheet. Therefore, ice core ssNa+ records from the Mt. Logan region can be considered as a proxy for reconstructing the au- tumntime Aleutian Low and summertime North Pacific Subtropical High, and the ssNa+ records from Greenland ice core (20D) may provide a proxy for reconstructing the wintertime Icelandic Low.

关键词： sea-salt aerosol, ice core records, sea level pressure, subarctic regions.

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A new interpolation method for Antarctic surface temperature

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2009年第12期19卷 1843-1849页

作者： Yetang Wang~(a,b),Shugui Hou~(b,c,*) a Monitoring Centre of Ocean Environment of Shandong Province,Yantai 264006,china b state key laboratory of cryospheric {5.,cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of {5.s,lanzhou 73000,china c MOE,key laboratory for Coast and Island Development,School of Geographic and Oceanographic {5.s,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,china Monitoring Centre of Ocean Environment of Shandong Province Yantai 264006 China state key laboratory of cryospheric science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 73000 China MOE Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

We propose a new methodology for the spatial interpolation of annual mean temperature into a regular grid with a geographic resolution of 0.01°for Antarctica by applying a recent compilation of the Antarctic temperature data.A multiple linear regression model of the dependence of temperature on some geographic parameters(i.e.,latitude,longitude,and elevation) is proposed empirically,and the kriging method is used to determine the spatial distribution of regional and local deviations from the temperature calculated from the multiple linear regression *** modeled value and residual grids are combined to derive a high-resolution map of surface air temperature. The performance of our new methodology is superior to a variety of benchmark methods(e.g.,inverse distance weighting,kriging, and spline methods) via cross-validation *** simulation resembles well with those distinct spatial features of surface temperature,such as the decrease in annual mean surface temperature with increasing latitude and the distance away from the coast line; and it also reveals the complex topographic effects on the spatial distribution of surface temperature.

关键词： Surface temperature DEM Antarctica

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Distribution of Borehole Temperature at Four High-altitude Alpine Glaciers in Central Asia

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Journal of Mountain science 2009年第3期6卷 221-227页

作者： LIU Yaping HOU Shugui WANG Yetang SONG Linlin state key laboratory of cryospheric sciences Cold andArid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The distribution of borehole temperature at four high-altitude alpine glaciers was investigated. The result shows that the temperature ranges from -13.4℃ to -1.84℃, indicating the glaciers are cold throughout the boreholes. The negative gradient （i.e., the temperature decreasing with the increasing of depth） due to the advection of ice and climate warming, and the negative gradient moving downwards relates to climate warming, are probably responsible for the observed minimum temperature moving to lower depth in boreholes of the Gyabrag glacier and Miaoergou glacier compared to the previously investigated continental ice core borehole temperature in West china. The borehole temperature at 10m depth ranges from -8.0℃ in the Gyabrag glacier in the central Himalayas to -12.9℃ in the Tsabagarav glacier in the Altai range. The borehole temperature at 10 m depth is 3-4 degrees higher than the calculated mean annual air temperature on the surface of the glaciers and the higher 10 m depth temperature is mainly caused by the production of latent heat due to melt-water percolation and refreezing. The basal temperature is far below the melting point, indicating that the glaciers are frozen to bedrock. The very low temperature gradients near the bedrock suggest that the influence of geothermal flux and ice flow on basal temperature is very weak. The low temperature and small velocity of ice flow of glaciers are beneficial for preservation of the chemical and isotopic information in ice cores.

关键词： Borehole temperature Glacier CentralAsia Climate warming

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Physico-chemical Characteristics and environmental Significance of Snow Deposition on Haxilegen Glacier No.5. in Tian Shan,china

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Journal of Mountain science 2011年第3期8卷 484-494页

作者： DONG Zhiwen LI Zhongqin ZHANG Mingjun WANG Feiteng WU Lihua state key laboratory of cryospheric sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute /Tianshan Glaeiological Station CAS Lanzhou 730000 China College of Geography and Environment science Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Snow chemistry on the glaciers of alpine regions is a good indicator of atmospheric environmental *** examine snow chemistry in three snowpits at different altitudes on the Haxilegen Glacier No.5.,in the Kuitun River source,Tian Shan,china,during July-September 2004 to *** use correlation analysis,factor analysis and sea-salt tracing methods to examine the characteristics and sources of major ions and mineral dust particles in the *** show that mineral dust particles and major ions in the snow pits vary *** the Asian dust period in springtime,the concentration of mineral dust particles and major ions deposited in snow is high,while the concentration is relatively low during the non-dust period of summer and *** may be caused by dust storm activity in central *** order of major ionic concentrations in the snow packs was determined to be Ca2+ > SO42-> NH4+ > NO3-> Cl-> Na+ > Mg2+ > K+.Ca2+ was the dominant cation;SO42- was the dominant *** find,with the exception of NO3-,that the variabilities of ionic concentrations are highly *** show that the glacier region was significantly affected by dust activity and anthropogenic *** major ions,especially Na+,originate from dust sources of central Asia and from the Ocean,transported by the westerly winds.

关键词： Snow chemistry Mineral dust environmental significance Haxilegen glacier No. 5. Tian Shan

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Variations of near-surface atmospheric CO_(2)and H_(2)O concentrations during summer on Muztagata

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science china Earth sciences 2006年第1期49卷 18-26页

作者： XU Baiqing1,2, YAO Tandong1,2, LU Anxin2, GUO Xuejun, LIU Xianqin2 & LI Zhen2 1. laboratory of Environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau, institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of {5.s, Beijing 100085. china 2. key laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment, Jointly Established by cold and arid regions environmental and Engi-neering research institute and institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of {5.s and chinese academy of Meteorological {5.s, china Meteorological Administration, lanzhou 730000, china laboratory of Environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China key laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Jointly Established by Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Lanzhou China

Expeditions during the summers of 2002 and 2003 implemented continuous monitoring of near-surface (2 m height) atmospheric CO2 and H2O concentrations at the 45.0 m elevation on Muztagata. The resultant data sets reveal a slight decrease of CO2 concentrations (of about 5.μmol·mol?1) and changes in the diurnal variations from the end of June to the middle August. The daily maximum CO2 concentrations occur between 02:30―05.30 AM (local time) and the minimum levels occur between 12:00―15.30 PM. The atmospheric CO2 concentrations in the summer of 2002 were around 5.μmol·mol?1 lower than those during the same period of 2003, whereas the diurnal amplitude was higher. In contrast, we found that the daily mean atmospheric H2O content in 2003 was much lower than that in 2002 and there exists a striking negative correlation between CO2 and H2O con-centrations. We therefore suggest that the near-surface atmospheric CO2 concentration is affected not only by photosynthesis and respiration, but also by the air H2O content in the glaciated region around Muztagata.

关键词： atmospheric CO2 and H2O concentration, continuous monitoring, glaciation region, Muztagata.

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Influence of Degree-Day Factor Variation on the Mass Balance of Glacier No. 1 at the Headwaters of ürümqi River,china

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Journal of Earth science 2013年第6期24卷 1008-1022页

作者：崔玉环叶柏生王杰刘友存 state key laboratory of cryospheric sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences School of Resources and environmental engineering Anhui University key laboratory of Water Resources and Environment Tianjin Normal University

The degree-day factor （DDF） is a key parameter in the degree-day model, and the varia- tions in DDF have the significant effects on the accuracy of glacier mass balance modeling. In this study, Glacier No. 1 at the headwaters of Uriimqi （-~O）~Z~=） River in china was selected, and the estimated DDF by stakes-observed mass balance and meteorological data from 1983-2006 was used to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of DDF and its influencing factors, such as climate condition, surface fea- ture, and topography. Then, the ablations from the 1980s to 2000s were estimated using the degree-day modei, and the ablation change from the 1980s to 2000s was divided into the changes caused by climate change and by the ice-surface feature. The following results were obtained：（1） The annual change in DDF for snow was not obvious, whereas that for ice increased, and the increasing trend on the lower glacier was more significant than that on the upper glacier because of decreased albedo caused by vari- ations in ice-surface feature; （2） The DDF for ice clearly decreased with altitude by approximately 0.046 and 0.043 mm.＇C-l-d-Lm-1 on the east and west branches, respectively, and the DDF of the west branch was obviously larger than that of the east branch in the same altitude belt; （3） the changes in mass balance in the summers from the 1980s to 2000s were -391 and -467 mm on the east and west branches, respectively. Among the total changes, the components directly caused by climate change were -193 and -198 mm, whereas those indirectly caused by ice-surface feature change were -198 and -269 mm on the east and west branches, respectively.

关键词： degree-day factor mass balance,Glacier No. 1 climate change.

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