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Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic transition in Kuqa Depression-Tianshan,Northwest china:Evidence from sandstone detrital and geochemical records

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1387-1402页

作者： LI Zhong1. GUO Hong2, WANG Daoxuan3 & LIN Wei1.1. institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese {1. of Sciences, Beijing 1.0029, china 2. Tarim Oilfield Branch, CNPC, Korla 841.00, china 3. Hefei University of Industry, Tunxilu 1.3, Hefei 230009, china institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Chin Tarim Oilfield Branch CNPC Korla China Hefei University of Industry Hefei Chin

Similar to compositional evolution of sandstone modes and detrital heavy minerals from different profiles in the Kuqa Depression, Northwest china, major element analysis of whole sandstones from the same profiles shows four discontinuous depositional interfaces or periods, respectively corresponding to Lower Triassic\Middle Triassic, Upper Jurassic\Lower Cretaceous, Lower Cretaceous\Paleogene and Miocene\Pliocene, and indicates five-phase evolution during Mesozoic-Cenozoic: (1. From the first to fifth phase, a depositional suite changes from maroon and coarse clastic, through grey-dark grey and fine, red and coarse, red-mottled, interlayered by gypsum, to brown and coarse clastic assemblages, accompanying detrital component evolution in unstable-stable-unstable-very unstable-very unstable assem- blages. It is indicated that carbonate and complex detritus gradually dominate in sandstones in post-Late Jurassic, with rapid reduction of compositional maturity. (2) For major element geo- chemical parameters of whole sandstones, CaO and Fe2 O * 3+MgO contents show a change sequence in high-low-high-higher-highest values, with rapid increasing in post-Late Jurassic. (3) Contra some aggregative indicators for weathering indexes of sandstone detrital component, Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O) and ln(Q/(L+CE)), show a change sequence in low-high-low-lower-lowest ratios, with rapid decreasing in post-Late Jurassic. It is found that sandstone samples of the first, second and later three phases may be distinguished from the A-CN-K and A-CNK-FM diagrams respectively. Therefore, in the Kuqa Depression-Tianshan, the most important discontinuous depositional interface recording paleotectonic and paleoclimatic transition occurred in Early Triassic\Middle Triassic and Late Jurassic\Early Cretaceous, respectively, and, however, tec- tonic differentiations of basin-range system finally result in distinct depositional systems but similar detrital weathering indexes across the Lower Cretaceous\Paleogene

关键词： Tianshan, Kuqa Depression, basin-range, depositional record, tectonic transition, Mesozoic-Cenozoic.

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Assessing the Carrying Capacity of Tourist Resorts: An Application of Tourists’ Spatial Behavior Simulator Based on GIS and Multi-Agent System

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2005年第4期10卷 779-784页

作者： ZHANG Ren-jun 1.2 1. institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese {1. of Sciences, Chengdu 61.041. Sichuan, china 2. Graduated School of the Chinese {1. of Sciences, Beijing 1.0039, china institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan China Graduated School of the Chinese academy of Sciences Beijing China

Based on the study of visitors' individual spatial behaviors, a tourists'spatial behavior simulator (TSBS) to assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts was developed,TSBS employs GIS (Geographic Information System) to manage the spatial data,and Multi-Agent systemto simulate the actions of individual visitors. By utilizing TSBS, visitors' travel patterns such aslocation, cost, and state can be analyzed and predicted. Based on this analysis and prediction, themodel of assessing the carrying capacity of resorts is built. Our results show that TSBS will be aneffective tool to accurately assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts.

关键词： tourist resort carrying capacity TSBS GIS Multi-Agent simulator

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Study on the coating of nano-scale SiO_2 film on the surface of nanocrystalline Mg-Al layered double hydroxides

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Science china Chemistry 2005年第2期48卷 107-114页

作者： ZHANG Zejiang1.2,3, MEI Xiujuan2, XU Chenghua1.& QIU Fali1.1. Chengdu institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese {1. of Sciences, Chengdu 61.041. china 2. Sichuan Fire Research institute of Public Security Ministry, Chengdu 61.830, china 3. Graduate School of the Chinese {1. of Sciences, Beijing 1.0039, china Correspondence should be addressed to Zhang Zejiang (email: zzjzzjzz@***) Chengdu institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China Sichuan Fire Research institute of Public Security Ministry Chengdu China Graduate School of the Chinese academy of Sciences Beijing China

The coating process of a nano-scale SiO2 film on the nanocrystalline Mg-Al layered double hydroxides via a sol-gel process was investigated. The uniform and dense SiO2film with a thickness of about 5 nm on the nano-LDHs particles was characterized by the solubility test in the dilute HNO3 or HCl acid, TEM and FT-IR, XRD, TG and DSC. The chemical shifts of binding en- ergies of Al 2p, Mg 2p, Si 2s and O 1. on the coated particles indicate that the coating of the SiO2 nano-film on the surface of the nano-LDHs proceeds through the formation of Mg-O-Si and Al-O-Si bonds. The thermal analysis shows that both the SiO2-coated nano-LDHs and the nano-LDHs have a similar mass loss process, in which there are three obvious stages of mass loss in the temperature range of 40—700℃. Furthermore, the more the coatedamount of SiO2on the surface of the nano-LDHs is, the less the mass loss of the samples is at 700℃.The nano- LDHs have two obvious endothermic peaks at 244.67℃ and 430.1.℃, whose corresponding heat absorption capacities are 41..28 J/g and 336.30 J/g, respectively. In contrast, the coated nano-LDHs have only one endothermic peak at 243.60℃ with a heat absorption capacity of 221.25 J/g.

关键词： layered double hydroxides, nanocrystalline, silica, coating.

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A preliminary study on seismic design criteria of offshore platforms in Bohai Sea of china

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2010年第2期9卷 223-231页

作者： Peng Yanju1.Lu Yuejun1.Yan Jiaquan2,Tang Rongyu1.Wang Junqin3 and Li Jiagang3 1. institute of Crustal Dynamics,{1. Earthquake Administration,Beijing 1.0085,{1. 2. institute of Geophysics,{1. Earthquake Administration,Beijing 1.0081.{1. 3. Beijing Research Center of {1. National Offshore Oil Corp.,Beijing 1.0027,{1. institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake Administration Beijing China institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration Beijing China Beijing Research Center of china National Offshore Oil Corp. Beijing China

This paper analyzes the seismicity in Bohai Sea,introducing a shape factor K to characterize the seismic risk distribution in sub-regions of the sea. Based on the seismic design ground motions for 46 platforms located in the Bohai Sea,a statistical analysis was performed for different peak ground acceleration (PGA) ratios at two different probability levels. In accordance with the two-stage design method,a scheme of two seismic design levels is proposed,and two seismic design objectives are established respectively for the strength level earthquake and the ductility level earthquake. By analogy with and comparison to the Chinese seismic design code for buildings,it is proposed that the probability level for the strength level earthquake and ductility level earthquake have a return period of 200 and 1.00 - 2500 years,respectively. The validity of these proposed values is discussed. Finally,the PGAs corresponding to these two probability levels are calculated for different sub-regions of the Bohai Sea.

关键词： fixed offshore platform seismic design level seismic design objective return period Bohai Sea

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Crustal structure of Gondwana-and Yangtze-typed blocks:An example by wide-angle seismic profile from Menglian to Malong in western Yunnan

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1828-1836页

作者： ZHANG Zhongjie1. BAI Zhiming1. WANG Chunyong2, TENG Jiwen1. Lü Qingtian3, LI Jiliang1. SUN Shanxue1.& WANG Xinzheng1.1. institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese {1. of Sciences, Beijing 1.0029, china 2. institute of Geophysics, Chinese Seismological Bureau, Beijing 1.0081. china 3. institute of Deposition Resource, Chinese {1. of Geological Sciences, Beijing 1.0037, china institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of Geophysics Chinese Seismological Bureau Beijing China institute of Deposition Resource Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

The wide-angle seismic profile between Menglian and Malong crosses the Baoshan block (Gondwana-typed), and Simao and southwestern Yangtze blocks (Yangtze-typed). By in-terpreting the wide-angle seismic data, we obtained the seismic crust/upper mantle structure of P-wave velocities together with the seismic reflections of these three blocks, Changning- Menglian and Mojiang suture zones among the mentioned three blocks. Our interpreting results demonstrate that the P-wave crustal velocity of Simao block is slower than that of Baoshan and southwestern Yangtze block and the crustal thickness gradually thickens from the Baoshan block, Simao to southwestern Yangtze block. Crustal reflection patterns of these three blocks have dis-tinct differences too. For the Gondwana-typed blocks, seismic reflections in the upper crust are well developed while in middle-lower crust they are very weak. The crustal reflections in the Yangtze block are very well developed. The crustal reflection patterns in Simao and southwest-ern Yangtze blocks are distinguishable. The average thickness of the crust in the studied area is about 40 km. And we make some discussions on the crustal thickening model of the three blocks in western Yunnan and tectonic setting of seismic developing and interaction of Gondwana and Yangtze blocks.

关键词： Gondwana blocks,Yangtze blocks,wide-angle profile,crustal structure,tectonic setting

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Persistent anomalous flows over the subtropical western Pacific insummer

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第8期43卷 672-675页

作者： ZHUANG Shiyu\+1.and JI Liren\+2 1. National Meteorological Centre, china Meteorological Administration, Beijing 1.0081. china 2. LASG, institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 1.0080, china National Meteorological Ccntre China Meteomlcgical Administration Beijing China LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The distribution of global persistent anomalies shows that the subtropical western Pacific is a key region with high_frequency occurrence of persistent anomalies. Analyses of streamfunction anomalies, OLR anomalies etc. suggest that the convective heating related to Indian monsoon might be responsible for the development of WPA. The results of numerical experiment by two linear barotropic models support the observation.

关键词： persistent anomalies subtropical high Indian monsoon anomalous forcing.

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Two possible mechanisms for vortex self-organization

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第2期49卷 202-211页

作者： LUO Zhexian2, ZHOU Xiuji1.& GAO Shouting3 1. Chinese academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 1.0081. {1. 2. Department of Space Information Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 21.044, {1. 3. institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 1.0029, {1. Department of Environmental Science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Chinese academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing China institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The vortex self-organization is investigated in this paper by four groups of numerical experiments within the framework of quasi-geostrophic model, and based on the experimental results two types of possible mechanisms for vortex self-organization are suggested. The meso-scale to-pography may enable separated vortices to merge into a larger scale vortex; and the interaction of meso-γ and meso-β scale systems may make separated vortices to self organize a typhoon-like vor-tex circulation.

关键词： vortex, self-organization, meso-scale topography, interaction of different scales.

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Kinetics and reaction mechanism of phenol hydroxylation catalyzed by La-Cu_4FeAlCO_3

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Science china Chemistry 2005年第6期48卷 530-537页

作者： CHEN Chunxia1.2, XU Chenghua1. FENG Liangrong1. SUO Jishuan1.& QIU Fali1.1. Chengdu institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese {1. of Sciences, Chengdu 61.041. china 2. Graduate School of the Chinese {1. of Sciences, Beijing 1.0039, china Chengdu institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China Graduate School of the Chinese academy of Sciences Beijing China

The present work synthesizes La-Cu4FeAlCO3 catalyst under microwave irradiation and characterizes its structure using XRD and IR techniques. The results show that the obtained La-Cu4FeAlCO3 has a hydrotalcite structure. In the phenol hydroxylation with H2O2 catalyzed by La-Cu4FeAlCO3, the effects of reaction time and phenol/H2O2 molar ratio on the phenol hy-droxylation, and relationships between the initial hydroxylation rate with concentration of the catalyst, phenol, H2O2 and reaction temperature are also investigated in details. It is shown the phenol conversion can reach 50.09% (mol percent) in the phenol hydroxylation catalyzed by La-Cu4FeAlCO3, under the reaction conditions of the molar ratio of phenol/H2O2 1.2, the amount ratio of phenol/catalyst 20, reaction temperature 343 K, reaction time 1.0 min, 1. mL distilled water as solvent. Moreover, a kinetic equation of v = k[La ? Cu 4 FeAlCO 3 ][C 6 H 5 OH][H 2 O 2]. and the activation energy of Ea=58.37 kJ/mol are obtained according to the kinetic studies. Due to the fact that the HO-Cu+-OH species are detected in La-Cu4FeAlCO3/H2O2 system by XPS, the new mechanism about the generation of hydroxyl free radicals in the phenol hydroxylation is pro-posed, which is supposed that HO-Cu+-OH species are transition state in this reaction.

关键词： rare earth, hydrotalcite, microwave irradiation, phenol hydroxylation, kinetics, reaction mechanism.

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On some tests-based projection pursuit for elliptical symmetry of a high-dimensional distribution

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第6期43卷 450-458页

作者： JING Ping 1.and ZHU Lixing 2 1. Mathematics Lab, china University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 1.0083, china 2. Probability Lab, institute of Applied Mathematics, Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 1.0080, china Mathematics Lab China University of Mining & Technology Beijing China Probability Lab Institute of Applied Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Some test statistics of Kolmogorov type and Cramér-von Mises type based on projection pursuit technique are proposed for the testing problem of sphericity of a high-dimensional distribution. The limiting distributions of the test statistics are derived under the null hypothesis and under any fixed alternative. The asymptotic properties of bootstrap approximation are investigated. Furthermore, for computational reasons, an approximation for the statistics, based on the number theoretic method, is suggested.

关键词： bootstrap approximation projection pursuit type statistic elliptical symmetry.

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Prediction method for October 2003 solar storm

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2006年第5期49卷 629-640页

作者： XIE Yanqiong1. 2, 3, WEI Fengsi1. FENG Xueshang1.& ZHONG Dingkun1. 2 1. State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 1.0080, {1. 2. Graduate School, Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 1.0039, {1. 3. institute of Meteorology, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 21.1.1. {1. State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of Meteorology PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing China

Aiming at two intense shock events on October 28 and 29, 2003, this paper presents a two-step method, which combines synoptic analysis of space weather ——“observing” and quantitative prediction ——“palpating”, and then uses it to test predictions. In the first step of “observing”, on the basis of observations of the solar source surface magnetic field, interplanetary scintillation (IPS) and ACE spacecraft, we find that the propagation of the shocks is asymmetric relative to the normal direction of their solar sources, and the Earth is located near the direction of the fastest speed and the greatest energy of the shocks. As the two fast ejection shock events, the fast explosion of coronal mass of the extremely high temperature, the strong magnetic field, and the high speed background solar wind are also helpful to their rapid propagation. In the second step of “palpating”, we adopt a new membership function of the fast shock events for the ISF method. The predicted results show that for the onset time of the geomagnetic disturbance, the relative errors between the observational and the predicted results are 1.8% and 6.7%; and for the magnetic disturbance magnitude, the relative errors are 4.1. and 3.1., re- spectively. Furthermore, the comparison among the predicted results of our two-step method with those of five other prevailing methods shows that the two-step method is advantageous. The results tell us that understanding the physical features of shock propagation thoroughly is of great importance in improving the prediction precision.

关键词： solar storm, interplanetary shock, interplanetary scintillation, two-step method, ISF method.

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