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Excessive Cu and Zn affecting on distribution of the metals and activities of glycolytic and nitrogen incorporating key enzymes in mycelia of ectomycorrhizal fungi Suillus bovinus

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Journal of environmental sciences 2001年第3期13卷 337-341页

作者： HUANG Yi, TAO Shu(Department of urban and environmental sciences, peking university, beijing 100871, china. Department of urban and environmental sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China. yhuang@***

Concentration of copper and zinc in isolated Suillus bovinus mycelia, used nutrient solution and 0.5 mol/L EDTA mycelia washing solution were measured to investigate the distribution of heavy metals in mycelia growth in excess copper or zinc nutrient solution. Treated with zinc, most of added zinc maintained in used solution, and 9.8%/14.6% was in/on mycelia in treatment, and in treatment 2 was 3.9%/8.0% in/on mycelia. In the copper applications, copper stimulated in more than on mycelia, i.e., 25.9%/4.5% in/on mycelia in treatment, and 7%/18.8% in/on mycelia while most of copper retained in used nutrient solution. Certain amount of copper or zinc uptake by mycelia led to pronounced influence on glycolysis and nitrogen incorporating process of Suillus bovinus, while the tested enzymes kept constant in treatment. In crude extracts of copper treatment 2 mycelia, activities of HK, PFK and GS were inhibited and decrease to 63%, 48% and 38% and GIDH increased by 68% of the control, respectively. The behaviors of these tested enzymes toward zinc corresponded in general with that towards copper. The potential protection of Suillus bovinus for its host plant under excess copper or zinc threaten was discussed.

关键词： Suillus bovinus ectomycorrhizal fungous copper zinc glycolysis nitrogen incorporate enzymes

Palaeorunoff estimations achieved from palaeoclimatic information for the southwest part of the North china Plain: an attempt to apply a climatological approach to palaeohydrology

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Journal of environmental sciences 2000年第3期12卷 330-336页

作者： WANG Hong\|ya, XIE Qiang (Department of urban and environmental sciences, peking university,beijing 100871, china) 北京大学北京 1 0 0 871

Palaeoclimatic scenario projecting annual temperature and annual precipitation is firstly formalized with data available and speculations for the southwest part of the North china Plain (35— 37°N, 115—119°E) during the last 25000 years. Then, with three regression equations relating annual runoff to annual precipitation and derived with data of modern hydrological and meteorological records, values of annual runoff are calculated in terms of the corresponding values of annual precipitation from this palaeoclimatic scenario for this region during this temporal interval. These results indicate that runoff is the most during 8000—3000 a B.P. and the least during 25000—12000 a B.P.; runoff occurring during 12000—8000 a B.P. and during 3000—0 a B.P. is less than the one occurring during 8000—3000 a B.P. and more than the one occurring during 25000—12000 a B.P.; and the runoff occurring during 25000—12000 a B.P., 12000—8000 a B.P., and 3000—0 a B.P. is respectively 43, 46 and 66 percent of the one occurring during 8000—3000 a B.P. Values of bankfull discharge for palaeochannels of the Yellow River flowing in this region during the same interval are calculated from available estimates of slope of stream bed of these palaeochannels with a regression equation relating bankfull discharge to slope of stream bed and ratios of bankfull discharge are further calculated from these values for different groups of palaeochannel formed during different time spans embraced in this interval. To conduct a cross check, these values and ratios of bankfull discharge are compared to the corresponding values and ratios of runoff occurring during roughly the same time spans. The same direction and similar relative magnitude of changes of the surface water occurring in this region during the last 25000 years are indicated by these comparisons.

关键词： palaeorunoff the southwest part of the North china Plain palaeoclimate

Soluble protein and acid phosphatase exuded by ectomycorrhizal fungi and seedlings in response to excessive Cu and Cd

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第12期21卷 1667-1672页

作者： ZHENG Weishuang, FEI Yingheng, HUANG Yi college of environmental sciences and Engineering, peking university, beijing 100871, china. [a] college of environmental sciences Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Fungi and their symbionts can alleviate heavy metal stress by exuding soluble proteins and enzymes. This study examined the role of soluble protein and acid phosphatase （APase） exuded by Xerocomus chrysenteron, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, and the seedlings of its symbiont, Chinese pine （Pinus tabulaeformis）, under conditions of excessive Cu and Cd. The growth type showed that this poorly studied ectomycorrhizal fungus was capable of tolerating high concentrations of Cu, and may be useful in phytoremediation. X. chrysenteron grew well at 80 mg/L Cu, and the EC50 for Cd was 17.82 mg/L. X. chrysenteron also showed enhanced exudation of soluble protein in both isolated and inoculated cultivations under the influence of Cu and Cd. Soluble protein exudation, however, differed under Cu and Cd stress in isolates. In mediums containing Cu, soluble protein exudation increased with concentration, but in mediums containing Cd the content of soluble protein increased to a comparable level at all concentrations. This study demonstrated that soluble protein was related to heavy metal tolerance, although the different ions played different roles. While APase activity in exudates of fungi and seedlings decreased under Cu and Cd stress in comparison to the control, the APase activity in seedlings was maintained by inoculation. Thus, X. chrysenteron facilitated the ability of plant to maintain a normal nutrient uptake, and therefore to protect it from heavy metal toxicity.

关键词： soluble protein acid phosphatase exudate Cu, Cd Xerocomus chrysenteron

A　Diference　Scheme　with　Anti－difusion　Terms　to　Improve　the　Computation　of　Contact　Discontinuities　and　the　Study　of　Weak　Discontinuities　in　Compresible　Flow

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Communications in Nonlinear science and Numerical Simulation 1996年第4期1卷 42-51页

作者： Chunguang XU (college of Mathematical science ,peking university, beijing 100871) college of Mathematical science peking university beijing 100871 USA

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Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：ＴｈｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｏｆＭａｃｈｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｍｅｄａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｉｍｐｉｎｇｅｍｅｎｔｏｆａｗｅａｋｐｌａｎｅｓｈｏｃｋｗａｖｅｏｎａｗｅｄｇｅ，ｗｉｔｈｓｈｏｃｋＭａｃｈｎｕｍｂｅｒＭｓｎｅａｒ１，ｉｓｓｔｉｌａｎｏｐｅｎｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ［１２］．Ｉｔ＇ｓｄｉｆｉｃｕｌｔｆｏｒｓｈｏｃｋｔｕｂｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｏｍｅｔｅｒｔｏｄｅｔｅｃｔｃｏｎｔａｃｔｄｉｓｃｏｎ－ｔｉｎｕｉｔｉｅｓ，ｉｆｉｔｉｓｔｏｏｗｅａｋ；ａｌｓｏｄｉｆｉｃｕｌｔｔｏｃａｔｃｈｗｉｔｈｄｕｅａｃｃｕｒａｃｙｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＭａｃｈｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒｅｇｕｌａｒｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｔｏｔｈｉｓｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｏｎｉｓｃｏｎｔｉｎ－ｕｉｎｇ，ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｙｆｏｒｗｅａｋｓｈｏｃｋｓ，ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈｅｒｅｗａｓｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃｄｉｓｃｒｅｐａｎｃｙｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｓｉｍ－ｐｌｉｆｉｅｄｔｈｒｅｅｓｈｏｃｋｔｈｅｏｒｙｏｆｖｏｎＮｅｕｍａｎｎ［８］ａｎｄｓｈｏｃｋｔｕｂｅｒｅｓｕｌｔ

关键词： weak reflection Mach reflection anti-diffusion

Histological observation of some primitive euconodonts of Late Cambrian from Liaoning

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2005年第12期15卷 1084-1088页

作者： GUO Wei,DONG Xiping,ZENG Xiaochun and ZHAO Le Department of Geology,college of environmental science,peking university,beijing 100871,china Department of Geology College of Environmental Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China. college of environmental science Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The histology of some euconodonts of Late Cambrian from Benxi and Fuxian County,Liaoning Province is studied by the oil-immersion *** histological characteristics of six primitive species of euconodonts - Proconodontus muelleri,Proconodontus tenuiserratus,Granatodontus ani,Rotundoconus tricarinatus,Teridontus nakamurai and Cordylodus proavus are described in *** dentine and atubular (parallel- and wavy-lamellar) dentine are found in the basal bodies of the primitive euconodonts Proconodontus tenuiserratus and Proconodontus muelleri,*** tubular dentine and spherulitic dentine are also recognized from the basal bodies of Granatodontus ani and Rotundoconus *** the histological characteristics of the studied six species of euconodonts belonging to Proconodontus lineage and Teridontus lineage Sensu Miller (Univ Kansas Paleontol Contr,1980,99: 1-39) seems to be almost the same,euconodonts are proposed as possibly monophyletic herein.

关键词： histology primitive euconodonts Late Cambrian Liaoning

Milestone of the meridian science──970th anniversary of the Chinese Bronze Statue of Meridian

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Chinese science Bulletin 1998年第5期43卷 353-362页

作者： ZHANG Renji college of Life sciences, peking university, beijing 100871, china college of Life sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

For more than a thousand years, Chinese people were aware of the transmitted sensations by the application of needles on the body surface. This practice is called acupuncture. Acupuncture had been recorded and transcribed in writings and in drawings, until finally the acupoints were inscribed onto a bronze statue. The bronze statue was called the Meridian Figure. Deeply embodied in the bronze statue is a tripartite confrontation-prism representation of the humans body. This concept was a great scientific achievement in ancient china. The author traces the history of Meridian science described in traditional Chinese medical terms. Then he explores a clear analogy of the meridian pathway (MP) phenomenon. In a model system, by using a simple segmental in vertebrate, certain parallels can be demonstrated with the meridian concept. For example, the author demonstrated a clear correlation rule among the central mechano-sensory channels, and characteristics of positional discrimination in individual nerve cells from different receptive field inputs. The evidence suggests that the MP phenomenon is an objective neurobiological response. To clarify the research objective in this paper, the author suggests that the MP is a bi-directional pathway along which a positional message signal is transmitted. This phenomenon is evoked by physical stimulation, transmitted linearly across the human body segments, and is perceived by the brain. The MP consists of low resistance paths, is connected by the liquid media contained in the apposite membranous structure. At the cellular level, the regulation functions of MP must pass through along this low resistance path. Two aspects of the modern Meridian research are the functional regulation and the mechanism of intercellular liquid modulation at the nanometer level.

关键词： meridian pathway tripartite confrontation-prism coordinate position discriminative recognition apposite membranous structure.

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NEW MESOGEN-JACKETED LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2000年第2期18卷 139-148页

作者： Qi-ding Mi Qi-feng Zhou Department of Polymer science & Engineering, college of Chemistry peking university, beijing 100871, china peking Univ Coll Chem Dept Polymer Sci & Engn Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

Some new mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymers (MJLCP) with polymer backbones, spacers, and mesogenic units of different structures were synthesized by radical polymerization. The mesomorphic behavior of these polymers was examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). Their liquid crystallinity is influenced by the variation of polymer backbone, spacer, mesogenic unit and its terminal groups. The results show that 1) a more flexible polymer main-chain is more favorable to the formation of a liquid crystal phase, while 2) a flexible spacer will decrease the 'Jacket Effect' and the liquid crystallinity and 3) a subtle modification of the terminal groups on the mesogenic unit may also have a significant influence on properties of the polymers.

关键词： mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymers polymer backbones spacers mesogenic units liquid crystallinity

Biotic communities of the marine ecosystem in Meizhou Bay

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Journal of environmental sciences 1996年第1期8卷 48-56页

作者： Ren Jiuchang Cai Xiaoming (Center of environmental sciences,peking university, beijing 100871,china)Chen Bin(college of Life sciences, peking university, beijing 100871, china )Li Peng(college of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, peking university, Bei Ctr of Envmtl Sci Peking Univ Beijing China China

The current situation of biotic communities in Meizhou Bay is presented in this *** species composition,seasonal variation,and distribution of phytoplankton,zooplankton, red tide organisms,fishes,and benthos in Meizhou Bay were investigated,and the content of chlorophyll a and primary production and their seasonal variation were also *** water quality of Meizhou Bay was monitored by measuring the density of Escherichia coli. Results reveal that there is a great variety of species in Meizhou Bay and the water in Meizhou Bay is *** the individual numbers of various organisms are very low, especially those of ***,there are more than 40 species of red tide organisms and there exist opportunities of red tides between May and *** these demand cautious be taken in the future development of this area although it has great environment capacity.

关键词： biotic community marine ecosystem Meizhou Bay.

Kinetic characteristics of continuous flow polymerase chain reaction chip: A numerical investigation

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science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第7期53卷 1967-1972页

作者： WANG ShiYing1 & WANG Wei2,3 1 School of Physics, peking university, beijing 100871, china 2 Institute of Microelectronics, peking university, beijing 100871, china 3 National Key Laboratory of science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, beijing 100871, china 1. School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China2. Institute of Microelectronics Peking University Beijing 100871 China3. National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Beijing 100871 China

Continuous flow PCR (polymerase chain reaction) chip holds impressive advantages compared to micro chamber PCR chip. In order to have better understanding of kinetic characteristics of continuous flow PCR chip, a comprehensive mathematical model is presented in this paper, including melting, annealing and extension phases of a typical PCR process which has the essence of a convection-diffusion-reaction system. Using this model, we can simulate the PCR process in series of reaction cycles. Numerical results show that the average sample velocity plays a significant role in affecting the amplification efficiency. Also, appropriate combination of the PCR mixture is important for high-quality DNA amplification. Giving a large initial DNA concentration range, the continuous flow PCR scheme holds excellent real-time detection ability theoretically. The present numerical model bridges the temperature distribution to the real DNA amplification, and thereby is able to successfully predict continuous flow PCR properties which are important for the chip design.

关键词： continuous flow PCR chip numerical simulation convection-diffusion-reaction system