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A two-layers model for the summer circulation of the East China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1994年第3期13卷 325-344页

作者： Liang Xiangsan and Su Jilan(Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China)

A two-layers numerical model is developed to study the dynamical structures and the formation mechanisms of the summer shelf circulation and the Kuroshio system in the East China Sea (ECS). On the whole, themain features of this region are highly correlated and dynamically stable. The Kuroshio northeast of Taiwan Islandalways intrudes into the shelf, and manifests itself chiefly in the lower layer. The horizontal advection and bottomfriction are the triggering mechanisms for this ageostrophic intrusion current, while the topographic beta-effectmake it intensified towards the northern edge of Taiwan island. After intruding into the shelf, most of the lowerlayer Kuroshio water turns anticyclonically, forming the outer branch of the lower-layer Taiwan Warm Current(TWC). Whether its inner partner can form depends upon the ratio of the upper-to the lower-layer speeds of theKuroshio inflow, and the northward extending of the upper-layer strait warm water. The upper-layer TWC resultsfrom the Taiwan Strait inflow, and a part of it branches out in the open sea off Wenzhou. In this paper,we alsopoint out that the cold-core water mass northeast of Taiwan Island is, in fact,the manifestation of the lower-layerintruslve loop, and the interaction between it and the upper-layer TWC leads to the formation of the well-knownwarm-core gyre. Besides,a preliminary study is also made on the frontal eddy north of Diaoyu Island.

关键词： Kuroshio intrusion Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) cold- (warm-) core center

Hydrographic structure and circulation in the central area of the North Eastern Atlantic

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1992年第3期11卷 343-356页

作者： Xu Jianping Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, P. O. Box 1207, Hangzhou 310012, China

-On the basis of the hydrographic data observed within the Canary Basin in autumn 1985, temperature-salinity properties, distributions of water masses and barocltne flow field, as well as the volume transports in this area are described more detailly. The analyses indicate that the activity in the waters of the Canary Basin is mainly attributed to the interleaving and mixing between the originated water masses (e. g. Surface Water, North Atlantic Central Water, Mediterranean Water and Deep Water) and the modified water masses (Subpolar Mode Water, Labrador Sea Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water) from the outside of the study area and the variation of themselves. The east recirculation of the Subtropic Gyre in the North Atlantic consists of Azores Current and Canary *** Current is formed with several flow branches around the Azores Island, while the main flow lies at 35?N south of the Azores Island. It begins to diverge near the 15?W. The return flow found off the Portugal coast may be its northern branch. The southern invasion of the Labrador Sea Water and the Subpolar Mode Water are prevented by Azores front which serves an obvious boundary separating the North Western Atlantic (Central) Water and the North Eastern Atlantic (Central) Water.

关键词： Hydrographic structure and circulation in the central area of the North Eastern Atlantic area

Community structure of picoplankton abundance and biomass in the southern Huanghai Sea during the spring and autumn of 2006

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第1期29卷 58-68页

作者： LE Fengfeng NING Xiuren LIU Chenggang HAO Qiang SHI Junxian Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Hangzhou 310012 China Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystems and Biogeochemistry of State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China

During spring and autumn of 2006, the investigations on abundance, carbon biomass and distri- bution of picoplankton were carried out in the southern Huanghai Sea （Yellow Sea, sHS）. Three groups of picoplankton-Synechococcus （Syn）, Picoeukaryotes （PEuk） and heterotrophic bacteria （BAC） were identified, but Prochlorococcus （Pro） was undetected. The average abundance of Syn and PEuk was lower in spring （5.0 and 1.3×10^3 cells/cm^3, respectively） than in autumn （92.4 and 2.7×0^3 cells/cm^3, respectively）, but it was opposite for BAC （1.3 and 0.7×10^6 cells/cm^3 in spring and autumn, respectively）. And the total carbon biomass of picoplankton was higher in spring （37.23×11.67） mg/m^3 than in autumn （21.29×13.75） mg/m^3. The ratios of the three cell abundance were 5：1：1 341 and 30：1：124 in spring and autumn, respectively. And the ratios of carbon biomass of them were 5：7：362 and 9：4：4 in spring and autumn, respectively. Seasonal distribution characteristics of Syn, PEuk, BAC were quite different from each other. In spring, Syn abundance decreased in turn in the central waters （where phytoplankton bloom in spring occurred）, the southern waters and inshore waters of the Shandong Peninsula （where even Syn was undetected）; the high values of PEuk abundance appeared in the central and southern waters and the inshore of the Shandong Peninsula; the abundance of BAC was nearly three order of magnitude higher than that of photosynthetic picoplankton, and high values appeared in the central waters. In autumn, Syn abundance in central waters was higher than that in surrounding waters, while for PEuk abundance, it decreased in turn in the inshore waters of the Shandong Peninsula, the southern waters and the central waters; BAC presented a complicated blocky type distribution. Sub-surface maximum of each group of picopalnkton appeared in both spring and autumn. Compared with the available lit- eratures concerning the studied area, the range of Syn abundance was larger, and the abunda

关键词： southern Huanghai Sea photosynthetic picoplankton heterotrophic bacteria abundance and carbon biomass distribution

A three-dimensional model study on ocean dynamic response to traveling cyclone over the Huanghai Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2005年第1期24卷 60-75页

作者： QINZenghao LIYongping YUANYaochu YURunling ShanghaiTyphoonInstitute ChinaMeteorologicalAdministrationShanghai200030China／／SecondInstituteofOceanographyStateOceanicAdministratianHangzhou310012China ShanghaiTyphoonInstitute ChinaMeteorologicalAdministrationShanghai200030China SecondInstituteofOceanography StateOceanicAdministratianHangzhou310012China／／KeyLaboratoryofOceanDynamicProcessesandSatelliteOceanographyofStateOceanicAdministrationHangzhou310012China

On the basis of numerical simulation of the mean circulation and relevant thermal-salinity fields in June with a three-dimensional o-cean model (ECOM-si), the model outputs are used as first guess of initial fields for numerical integration of the model equations and the numerical results are applied to investigating the dynamical responses of the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea (HECS) in the course of a weak land-to-sea cyclone's passage over the Huanghai Sea on 15-16 June 1999. Predominance of the dynamic impact of cyclone over the thermal one in June in the HECS is justified using observations and model *** cyclone and its surrounding weather system, i.e., subtropical high ridge to its south could influence current and thermal fields in the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the northern East China Sea even though the intensity of cyclone was rather weak. The response of oceanic currents to the wind stresses driven by the cyclone and its soumern subtropical high were strongly characterized by the wind drift with its extent of equivalent scale of cyclone in the horizontal and of Ekman layer in the vertical. The sea response at a given site was closely related to the transient local wind speed and *** was sensitive to the local wind direction,which is demonstrated at three points locating at the southern and western Huanghai Sea and the northern East China Sea. So the sea responses at locations differed considerably from one another. Current responded to the wind stress in a simple way:directly to the wind-driven current and subsequent gradient current and slope current, etc., whereas sea temperature responded to the wind stress in two ways: directly to the cyclone-induced cooling and indirectly to water movements both in the horizontal and the vertical by the cyclone' s wind stress. So the sea temperature variation under the influence of cyclone was more complicate than the current. The HECS in response to the cyclone and its ambient

关键词： sea response Huanghai Sea East China Sea Bohai Sea weak cyclone numerical study

The source of heavy metals and its indication to the sediment transfer in the Hangzhou Bay

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1993年第1期12卷 107-114页

作者： Liao Xiangui, Zhang Xiangjun Ying Shili, Wei Linying and Zhu Linfan Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China China

-Suspended matters are important carriers of heavy metals in the *** this paper, the field investigation , lab. experiment and 'corresponding analysis' were made to study sources of the heavy metals and the transfer of suspended matters from the Hangzhou *** conclusion shows that the contents of heavy metals in this area are the natural background values ; the distributions of heavy metals are controlled by the plume front.

关键词： The source of heavy metals and its indication to the sediment transfer in the Hangzhou Bay

Variations of nutrient elements and its effect on ecological environment off the Changjiang estuarine waters

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2001年第2期20卷 197-208页

作者： Lin Yi’ an, Tang Renyou, Pan Jianming, Jin Mingming ( Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China) Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China

On the basis of the date obtained in two cruises during October 1997 and May 1998, the concentration distribution and the variation of present species of nutrient elements in the water masses are described. The transform mechanism of present species of nutrients and the of differrnt water masses, frontal area and thermohaline transition layer on convergence or divergence and the biogeochemical cycle of nutrient elements off the Changjiang Estuary are studied. Meanwhile, the environmental capaci- ty of nutrients is primarily estimated: they are 1.803 x 104t DIN and 6.18 x 102t PO43- -P in autumn, and 4.20x 102t PO43- -P in spring.

关键词： Nutrient element biogeochemical cycle ecological environmental effect the Changjiang Estuary

Diagnostic calculation of the upper-layer circulation in the South China Sea during the winter of 1998

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2004年第2期23卷 187-199页

作者： YUANYaochu BUXianwei LIAOGuanghong LOURuyun SUJilan WANGKangshan SecondInstituteofOceanography StateOceanicAdministrationHangzhou310012China

On the basis of hydrographic data obtained in November 28 to December 27, 1998 cruise, the calculation of the circulation in the South China Sea (SCS) is made by using the P-vector method, in combination with SSH data from TOPEX/ERS-2 analysis. For study of the dynamical mechanism, which causes the pattern of winter circulation in the SCS, the diagnostic model (Yuan et al., 1982; Yuan and Su, 1992) is used to simulate numerically the winter circulation in the SCS. The following results have been obtained. (1) The main characteristics of the circulation systems in the central SCS are as follows: A coastal southward jet in winter is present at the western boundary near the coast of Vietnam; there is a stronger cyclonic circulation with a larger horizontal scale east of this coastal southward jet and west of 114°E; there is a weaker anti-cyclonic circulation in the central part of eastern SCS; there is a stronger and northeastward flow opposing the northeasterly monsoon between above a stronger cyclonic circulation and a weaker anti-cyclonic circulation. (2) The circulation systems in the northern SCS are as follows: 1) There is a cyclonic circulation system northwest of Luzon, and it has three centers of the cold water; 2) There is an anti-cyclonic eddy. Its center is located near(20°N, 116°40' E); 3)There is a warm and anti-cyclonic circulation south of Hainan Island; 4) There is a northeastward flow, the South China Sea Warm Current, in winter off Guangdong coast in the northern SCS. (3) In the southern SCS there is an anti-cyclonic circulation, and also there is a smaller scale cold water and cyclonic eddy. (4) The above pattern of winter circulation in the SCS agrees qualitatively with the horizontal distribution of temperature at 200 m level. (5) The dynamical mechanism which produces the above basic pattern of winter circulation is because of the following two causes: 1) The joint effect of the baroclinity and relief (JEBAR) is an essential dynamical cause; 2) T

关键词： SCS upper-layer circulation in winter of 1998 JEBAR interaction between the wind stress and bottom topographic SSH data from TOPEX/ERS-2

Competition within the marine microalgae over the polar dark period in the Greenland Sea of high Arctic

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第2期22卷 233-242页

作者： ZhangQing RolfGradinger ZhouQingsong LaboratoryofOceanDynamicProcessesandSatelliteOceanography StateOceanicAdministrationHangZhou310012China InstituteofMarineScience UniversityofAlaskaFairbanksAK99775-7220USA SecondInstituteofOceanography StateOceanicAdministrationHangzhou310012China

With the onset of winter, polar marine microalgae would have faced total darkness for aperiod of up to 6 months. A natural autumn community of Arctic sea ice microalgae was collected for dark survival experiments from the Greenland Sea during the ARKTIS-XI/2 Expedition of RV Po-larstem in October 1995. After a dark period of 161 days, species dominance in the algal assemblage have changed from initially pennate diatoms to small phytoflagellates (<20 μm). Over the entire dark period, the mean algal growth rate was - 0.01 d-1. Nearly all diatom species had negative growth rates, while phytoflagellate abundance increased. Resting spore formation during the dark period was observed in less than 4.5% of all cells and only for dinoflagellates and the diatom Chaetoceros spp. We assume that facultative heterotrophy and energy storage are the main processes enabling survival during the dark Arctic winter. After an increase in light intensity, microalgal cells reacted with fast growth within days. Phytoflagellates had the highest growth rate, followed by Nitzschia frigida. Further investigations and experiments should focus on the mechanisms of dark survival (mixotrophy and energy storage) of polar marine microalgae.

关键词： Competition marine microalgae dark the Greenland Sea Arctic

Geotechnical properties of oceanic sediments in polymetallic nodules belts

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2000年第2期19卷 57-67页

作者： Song Lianqing1 (1. Center for Ocean Engineering Survey, Design and Research, State Oceanic Administration,Hangzhou 310012, China) Ctr. for Ocean Engineering Survey State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China

Geotechnical data obtained from the polymetallic nodules investigation in 1994, in combi nation with the historical data concerned, are analyses comprehensively to study sediment types, geotechnical properties, soil strength and so on, in order to provide bases for design and construction of engineering facilities and the equipments raquired for the polymetallic nodules mining in the future.

关键词： Polymetallic nodules geotechnical properties of sediments soil strength