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A comparative analysis on two solar proton events

Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第1期52卷 47-51页

作者： LE GuiMing1,2,3.4, HAN YanBen2 & ZHANG YiJun3.1 Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, china Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, china 2 National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of {3., beijing 100012, china 3.Chinese Academy of Meteorological {3., china Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, china 4 National Center for space Weather, china Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, china Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for EnvironmentalSatellites China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

This paper presents a comparative analysis on the two Solar Proton Events (SPE), which occurred on 14 July 2000 (Bastille Day) and 28 October 2003.(28OCT03. respectively. It is found that although the peak flux of the latter seemed to be greater than that of the former based on geostationary observations, the maximum intensities of the energetic protons (>10 MeV and 3. MeV) during the Bastille Day event were all higher than those of the 28OCT03.event according to the interplanetary observations. Further analysis indicated that the quantity of the seed particles, which could be accelerated to the energies exceeding 10 and 3. MeV by the Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)-driven shock on 14 July 2000, was far larger than that of the 28OCT03.event. In the Bastille Day case, when the CME approached to the height around 14 R⊙, the CME-driven shock would reach its maximum capacity in accelerating the solar en- ergetic protons (>100 MeV). In contrast, on 28 October 2003. when CME approached to the height about 58R⊙, the CME-driven shock reached its highest potential in accelerating the solar energetic protons of the same category. At this moment, the peak flux (>100 MeV) was about 155 pfu, which was much lower than 3.5 pfu measured on 14 July 2000. This demonstrated that in the Bastille Day event, the quantity of the seed particles, which could be accelerated to the energy beyond 100 MeV, was significantly larger than its counterpart in the 28OCT03.case. Therefore, the peak flux of an SPE event depends not only on the interplanetary intensity of the solar energetic particles, but also on the velocity of the associated CME-driven shock, and the quantity of the seed particles as well as on the interplanetary magnetic en- vironment. This paper also reveals that the magnetic sheath associated with ICME on 28 October 2003.captured a large number of solar energetic protons, including those having energy greater than 100 MeV.

关键词：太阳质子 CME 太阳耀斑太阳系

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TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION AND PALEOGEOGRAPHICAL RADIATION OF PSITTACOSAURUS (DINOSAURIA:CERATOPSIA) IN EARLY CRETACEOUS OF EAST ASIA

TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION AND PALEOGEOGRAPHICAL RADIATION OF PSI...

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第二届国际古生物学大会

作者： Changfu ZHOU, Keqin GAO school of earth and space {3., peking University, beijing 100871, china.

Psittacosaurus (parrot-beaked dinosaur) is a small, bipedal, basal ceratopsian, which is known only from the Early Cretaceous of East Asia. Since the first discovery in 1920s, there have been abundant fossils of Psittacosaurus found from the Early Cretaceous beds in Mongolia, western Siberia, and northern china. Most Psittacosaurus-bearing formations contain

关键词： Psittacosaurus paleogeographical radiation Early Cretaceous East Asia

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Structural characteristics of the Tan-Lu fault zone in Cenozoic basins offshore the Bohai Sea

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Science china earth sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 20-31页

作者： QI JiaFu1,2,ZHOU XinHuai3.DENG RongJing4 & ZHANG KeXin2 1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china Petroleum University,beijing 102249,china 2 Department of {3. sciences,china Petroleum University,beijing 102200,china 3.Tianjin Branch of CNOOC china Limited,Tianjin 3.0451,china 4 beijing Research Center of CNOOC china Limited,beijing100027,china china Petr Univ State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China china Petr Univ Dept Earth Sci Beijing 102200 Peoples R China CNOOC china Ltd Tianjin Branch Tianjin 300451 Peoples R China CNOOC china Ltd Beijing Res Ctr Beijing 100027 Peoples R China

The Tan-Lu fault zone across the eastern margin of the Cenozoic basins offshore the Bohai Sea is a NNE-trending right-lateral strike-slip fault system developed in the Cenozoic basin cover. It cuts through NE-to NNE-striking major extensional faults that controlled the formation of Paleogene basins. Recent petroleum exploration indicates that Cenozoic structural activities of the Tan-Lu fault system have directly or indirectly affected oil and gas distribution offshore the Bohai Sea. As part of a deep fault zone the Tan-Lu fault zone has been activated since the Oligocene,and obviously affected the tectonic evolution of offshore Bohai basins since then. The formation of Paleogene rift basins offshore the Bohai Sea has utilized the pre-existing structural elements of the Tan-Lu fault zone that developed in the late Mesozoic.

关键词： strike-slip fault extensional structure Tan-Lu fault zone Bohaiwan basin

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A high-resolution late Pleistocene record of pollen vegetation and climate change from Jingning, NW china

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Science china earth sciences 2006年第2期49卷 154-162页

作者： LI Chunhai12, TANG Lingyu1, FENG Zhaodong3.4, ZHANG Hucai2, WANG Weiguo3.& AN Chenbang3.1. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Nanjing 210008, china 2. Nanjng Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Nanjing 210008, china 3. Environment and Resources College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, china 4. beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china 1. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China 2. Nanjng Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China 3. Environment and Resources College Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China 4. beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

With the support of 18 AMS-14C data, a high-resolution pollen record from the Suancigou section at Jingning, Gansu Province was established. Our results showed that the vegetation ex-perienced a series of changes characterized by the alternative growth and decline of forest and steppe components during the period from 44.2 to 11 ka B.P. in the Jingning area. Over the period of 44―29 ka B.P. (MIS3., coniferous forests were flourishing, indicating a humid climate with the tem-perature being lower than that of the present. Since 23.ka B.P., the vegetation was dominated by steppe-desert steppe under a cold and dry condition, and entered the Last Glacial Maximum domi-nated by desert steppe. Several periods of the marked decrease in the arborous pollen content in Suancigou well corresponded to the North Atlantic Heinrich events, especially to Heinrich event 3. further supporting that the Heinrich events were well reflected by the pollen record in the Loess Pla-teau as well.

关键词： Western Loess Plateau, pollen record, climatic change, late Pleistocene.

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Lithosphere types in North china:Evidence from geology and geophysics

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Science china earth sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1809-1827页

作者： QIU Ruizhao1,2, DENG Jinfu3. ZHOU Su3. LI Jinfa4, XIAO Qinghui1,5, WU Zongxu6 & LIU Cui3.1. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological sciences, beijing 10003., china 2. Development and Research Center, china Geological Survey, beijing 10003., china 3. china University of Geosciences, beijing 100083. china 4. china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, china 5. Information Center of Ministry of Land and Resources, beijing 100812, china 6. Institute of Geology, State Seismological Bureau, beijing 100029, china 1. Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences 100037 Beijing China 2. Development and Research Center China Geological Survey 100037 Beijing China 3. china University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 4. china University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 5. Information Center of Ministry of Land and Resources 100812 Beijing China 6. Institute of Geology State Seismological Bureau 100029 Beijing China

On the basis of the characteristics of geology and geophysics in North china, three types of lithosphere, namely, the cratonic, the orogenic and the rift lithospheres can be classified. In terms of petrological method (based on the information from Precambrian rock assemblages, igneous activities, deep-seated enclaves, etc.) and the relationship between seismic velocity and rock compositions, the crust-mantle petrological and chemical structure models can be set up. Researching results indicate that the geology and geophysics of North china platform bears the similar characteristics in comparison with those of the global typical cratons. The Eerduosi(Ordos) block located in the west of the North china Platform is a remnant of cratonic lithosphere after the North china platform had undergone “activation” in Mesozoic and “reconstruction” in Cenozoic times. The continental crust consists mainly of TTG rock assemblage while the subcontinental lithosphere mantle mainly consists of strongly depleted harzburgite. The craton was finally formed in late Archaean and early Proterozoic, and has been kept in stability up to present; its crustal-mantle petrological structures of lithosphere can be set up as a reference for the study of North china craton and even Sino-Korean craton. In the Mesozoic period, the middle and east areas of North china platform were activated in the Yanshanian orogenic process, the continental crust was reformed by material and heat-transfer of convective mantle and the original crustal TTG component was reconstructed to be granitic crust, and the subcontinental lithosphere man- tle was replaced by the Yanshanian harzburgite-lherzolite. The Yanshan-Taihang Mountains were the remnants of orogenic lithosphere after the rifting in eastern North china in Cenozoic. The present thickness of continental crust and lithosphere in the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains is not equal to their thickness during the Yanshanian orogenic movement because they had undergone the

关键词： lithospheric types,evidence of geology and geophysics,crust-mantle petrological structure,deep process

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Synthetic aperture radar tomography sampling criteria and three-dimensional range migration algorithm with elevation digital spotlighting

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Science in china(Series F) 2009年第1期52卷 100-114页

作者： TAN WeiXian1,2,3., HONG Wen1,2, WANG YanPing1,2, LIN Yun1,2,3.& WU YiRong1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, beijing 100190, china 2 Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100190, china 3.Graduate school, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100190, china State Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology Beijing 100190 China Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Graduate school Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Based on the general geometric model of multi-baseline Synthetic Aperture Radar Tomography （TomoSAR）, the three-dimensional （3.D） sampling criteria, the analytic expression of the 3.D Point Spread Function （PSF） and the 3.D resolution are derived in the 3.D wavenumber domain in this paper. Considering the relationship between the observation geometry and the size of illuminated scenario, a 3.D Range Migration Algorithm with Elevation Digital Spotlighting （RMA-EDS） is proposed. With this algorithm 3.D images of the area of interest can be directly and accurately reconstructed in the 3.D space avoiding the complex operations of 3.D geometric correction. Finally, theoretical analyses and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the shift-varying property of the 3.D PSF and the spatialvarying property of the 3.D resolution and to demonstrate the validity of the 3.D RMA-EDS.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar tomography (TomoSAR) three-dimensional (3.D) SAR imaging 3.D sampling criteria 3.D resolution,3.D range migration algorithm with elevation digital spotlighting (RMA-EDS)

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Study of spatial distribution of sandy desertification in North china in recent 10 years

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Science china earth sciences 2004年第z1期47卷 78-88页

作者： WANG Tao, WU Wei, XUE Xian, SUN Qingwei & CHEN GuangtingKey Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, china Department of Environment Engineering, peking University,{3., china Chinese Acad Sci Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst Key Lab Desert & Desertificat Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China peking Univ Dept Environm Engn Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

Sandy desertification is a land degradation characterized by wind erosion, mainly resulted from the excessive human activities in arid, semiarid and part of sub-humid regions in North china. It is one of main kinds of desertification/land degradation as well as water-soil erosion and salinization in china. Rapid and continuous spread of sandy desertification during last 50 years has created a major environmental and socio-economic problem in North china. Remote sensing monitored results in 2000 showed that the sandy desertified land area has been 3..57× 104 km2. The area of potential to slightly sandy desertified land is 13.93. 104 km2, moderately land 9.977×104 km2, severely land 7.909 ×104 km2 and very severely land 6.756×104 km2. Sandy desertification mainly occurs in the semi-arid mixed farming-grazing zone and its northern rangeland zone, semi-arid dryland rainfed cropping zone and arid oasis-desert margin zone. The average annually developmental rate of sandy desertified land increased from 2,100 km2 ·a-1 in 1976-1988 to 3.600 km2 · a-1 in 1988-2000. The basic status of sandy desertification in North china is 'overall deterioration, while local rehabilitation'. Already achieved rehabilitation results and monitoring assessment show that about 60% of desertified land in North china can be restored under the conditions of rational land-use ways and intensity.

关键词： sandy desertified land, spatial distribution, remote sensing monitoring, last 10 years, North china.

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The Status of Organochlorine Pesticides Pollution in Hubei Section of the Yangtze River

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 81-82页

作者： Chen Liu,Liyuan Guo school of the earth sciences and Resources,{3. University of Geosciences(beijing),beijing 100083.{3..

The Organochlorine Pesticides(OCPs),such as hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH)and dichlorodiphenyltrichloro ethane(DDT),are well known as typical persistent organic pollutions(POPs).They were worldwide used several decades ago,even today in some *** the water resource is very important in natural environments and essential to agriculture,the pollution of OCPs in water has emerged as worldwide environmental problem. Wuhan section of the Yangtze River is the drinking water source of Wuhan area in Hubei *** addition,Hubei province is an important production base of grain,cotton,oil and *** the rapid development of industry and mass-use of OCPs

关键词： organochlorine pesticides Yangtze River water residues

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A three-dimensional variational ocean data assimilation system:Scheme and preliminary results

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Science china earth sciences 2006年第11期49卷 1212-1222页

作者： ZHU Jiang1,2, ZHOU Guangqing1, YAN Changxiang1, FU Weiwei1 & YOU Xiaobao1,3.1. International Center for Climate and Environment sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100029,{3. 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044,{3. 3. beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology, beijing 100029,{3. 1. International Center for Climate and Environment sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China 3. beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology Beijing 100029 China

A new 3.VAR-based Ocean Variational Analysis System (OVALS) is developed. OVALS is capable of assimilating in situ sea water temperature and salinity observations and satellite altimetry data. As a component of OVALS, a new variational scheme is proposed to assimilate the sea surface height data. This scheme considers both the vertical correlation of background errors and the nonlinear temperature-salinity relationship which is derived from the generalization of the linear balance constraints to the nonlinear in the 3.VAR. By this scheme, the model temperature and salinity fields are directly adjusted from the altimetry data. Additionally, OVALS can assimilate the temperature and salinity profiles from the ARGO floats which have been implemented in recent years and some temperature and salinity data such as from expendable bathythermograph, moored ocean buoys, etc. A 21-year assimilation experiment is carried out by using OVALS and the Tropical Pacific circulation model. The results show that the assimilation system may effectively improve the estimations of temperature and salinity by assimilating all kinds of observations. Moreover, the root mean square errors of temperature and salinity in the upper depth less than 420 m reach 0.63. and 0.3. psu.

关键词： data assimilation, 3.VAR, sea surface height, ARGO floats.

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Suggestion of a dynamic model of North china basin-range system

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2003年第4期 73-82页

作者： SHAO Ji'an, ZHANG Changhou, ZHANG Luqiao, and ZHANG Yongbei (1. school of earth and space {3., peking University, beijing 100871, china 2. china University of Geo{3., beijing 100873. china 3. Inner-Mongolia Institute of Geology, Hohhot 010020, china 4. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese A-cademy of {3., beijing 100029, china) school of earth and space {3. Peking University Beijing 100871 China china University of Geosciences Beijing 100873 China Inner-Mongolia Institute of Geology Hohhot 010020 China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

It is found from preliminary studies that previous basin-range models have difficulties in explaining the formation of theMesozoic North-china basin-range system. This work suggests a new model-" tectonic thermal erosion" model, which considers the North china basin of Late Mesozoic and its peripheral ranges as a unified system, identifies relationship between upwelling and lateral spreading of the asthenolith with horizontal rnovement and deformation of the upper crust in the system, clarifies the effects of underplat-ing erosion on the crustal evolution, and tries to establish an earth-dynamic modei of the North china Mesozoic basin-range supported by numerical simulation.

关键词： North china Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin-range system.

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