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On Depolymerization

CCS Chemistry 2024年第2期6卷 297-312页

作者： Bo Qin xi Zhang College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082 Department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084

Polymers have become an essential part of modern life and the global economy on account of their costeffectiveness and versatile ***,most postconsumer polymer wastes are unrecycled,leading to environmental pollution and resource ***,as an efficient chemical recycling approach,holds great promise in establishing a circular polymer *** this review,we attempt to highlight recent and significant advancements in depolymerization *** key research topics are discussed:(1)depolymerization of commodity polymers to produce reusable monomers and high-value chemicals;(2)depolymerization of intrinsically depolymerizable *** is anticipated that this review will reflect the present status and future trends of this rapidly evolving realm of depolymerization.

关键词： depolymerization chemical recycling sustainable polymers circular polymer economy catalysis dynamic covalent chemistry

Integrating host biological and ecological variables to predict probability of haemosporidian infection in raptors

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 255-264页

作者： Kai Gao Xuemei Yang xi Huang Wenhong Deng Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

Variations in host traits that influence their exposure and susceptibility may impact probability of vector-transmitted ***,identifying the predictors of infection probability is necessary to understand the risk of disease outbreaks during expanding environmental ***,we conducted a large survey based on microscopic examination and molecular analysis of haemosporidian parasite infection in raptors rescued at the Beijing Raptor Rescue *** these data with biological and ecological variables of the raptors,we determined predictors that affect the probability of haemosporidian infection using generalized linear mixed models and multimodel *** results showed that infection probability exhibited considerable variation across host species in raptors,and body mass,sex,and evolutionary history played relatively weaker roles in driving infection ***,activity pattern,age,geographic range size,migration distance,and nest type were important predictors of the probability of haemosporidian infection,and the role of each predictor differed in the three main haemosporidian genera(Plasmodium,Haemoproteus,and Leucocytozoon).This macro-ecological analysis will add to our understanding of host traits that influence the probability of avian haemosporidian infection and will help inform risk of emerging diseases.

关键词： Activity pattern Emerging infectious diseases Infection probability Interspecific variation Migratory exposure

Uncertainty and disturbance estimator-based model predictive control for wet flue gas desulphurization system

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第3期67卷 182-194页

作者： Shan Liu Wenqi Zhong Li Sun xi Chen Rafal Madonski School of Energy and Environment Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of EducationSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer ScienceSilesian University of TechnologyGliwise 44-100Poland

Wet flue gas desulphurization technology is widely used in the industrial process for its capability of efficient pollution *** desulphurization control system,however,is subjected to complex reaction mechanisms and severe disturbances,which make for it difficult to achieve certain practically relevant control goals including emission and economic performances as well as system *** address these challenges,a new robust control scheme based on uncertainty and disturbance estimator(UDE)and model predictive control(MPC)is proposed in this *** UDE is used to estimate and dynamically compensate acting disturbances,whereas MPC is deployed for optimal feedback regulation of the resultant *** viewing the system nonlinearities and unknown dynamics as disturbances,the proposed control framework allows to locally treat the considered nonlinear plant as a linear *** obtained simulation results confirm that the utilization of UDE makes the tracking error negligibly small,even in the presence of unmodeled *** the conducted comparison study,the introduced control scheme outperforms both the standard MPC and PID(proportional-integral-derivative)control strategies in terms of transient performance and ***,the results reveal that a lowpass-filter time constant has a significant effect on the robustness and the convergence range of the tracking error.

关键词： Desulphurization system Disturbance rejection Model predictive control Uncertainty and disturbance estimator Nonlinear system

A Deep Mantle Source for the Late Neoarchean Metamorphosed Basalts in Eastern Hebei,North china Craton:Insights from Whole-Rock Geochemistry and Sm-Nd Isotopes,and Zircon U-Pb-Hf Isotopes

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第1期35卷 29-40页

作者： Zhuang Li Chunjing Wei Chuan Yang xi Zhang College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China MOE Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China china Transport Telecommunications and Information Center Beijing 100011China

The basalts within the greenstone belt worldwide serve as an ideal target to decipher the nature of Archean mantle sources and further to extend the understanding of the early stages of Earth's *** provide important insights into the issues,we carried out a detailed investigation of whole-rock geochemistry and Sm-Nd isotopes,and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes for the Late Neoarchean metamorphosed basalts in eastern Hebei,North china Craton.U-Pb isotopic dating using the LA-ICPMS on zircons reveals that the basalts in eastern Hebei erupted at ca.2.48-2.51 Ga and subsequently experienced multiple regional metamorphic events at 2477 and 1798 Ma,*** metamorphosed basalts are featured by low SiO_(2),MgO,K_(2)O+Na_(2)O,and high Fe O contents,endowed with the subalkaline and high-Fe tholeiitic *** radiogenic initial Nd and Hf isotope values and correlations among V,Ni and Cr contents strongly imply that the basalts experienced significant clinopyroxene and olivine fractionation and minor crustal contamination during magma *** are also characterized by the relatively low total REE contents and exhibit significant depletions to moderate enrichments in the LREE contents,indicating the derivation from a deep mantle source in an Archean proto-mantle plume setting.

关键词： zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes geochemistry Late Neoarchean basaltic magmatism North china Craton Archean proto-mantle plume

Improving lipid production by Rhodotorula glutinis for renewable fuel production based on machine learning

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 23-35页

作者： Lihe Zhang Changwei Zhang xi Zhao Changliu He Xu Zhang National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Collage of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 10029China

Microbial lipid fermentation encompasses intricate complex cell growth processes and heavily relies on expert experience for optimal *** modeling of the fermentation process assists researchers in making intelligent decisions,employing logical reasoning and strategic planning to optimize lipid *** this study,the effects of medium components and concen-trations on lipid fermentation were investigated,*** then,leveraging the collated data,a variety of machine learning algorithms were used to model and optimize the lipid fermentation *** models,based on artificial neural networks and support vector machines,achieved R?values all higher than 0.93,ensuring accurate predictions of the fermentation *** linear regression was used to evaluate the respective target parameter,which were affected by the medium components of lipid ***,single and multi-objective optimiza-tion were conducted for lipid fermentation using the genetic *** results demonstrated the maximum biomass of 50.3 g·L^(-1) and maximum lipid concentration of 14.1 g:L^(-1) with the error between the experimental and predicted values less than 5%.The results of the multi-objective optimization reveal the synergistic and competitive relationship between biomass,lipid concentration,and conversion rate,which lay a basis for in-depth optimization and amplification.

关键词： microbial lipid machine learning artificial neural network support vector machine genetic algorithm

Transforming liquid flow fuel cells to controllable reactors for highlyefficient oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid at low temperature

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 621-631,I0014页

作者： Ye Qiang xi Liu Denghao Ouyang Zhao Jiang Xuebing Zhao Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Applied Chemistry Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049ShaanxiChina

Highly-efficient oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurtural(HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA) at low temperature with air as the oxidant is still ***,inspired by the respirato ry electron transport chain(ETC) of living cells mediated by electron carriers,we constructed artificial ETCs and transformed liquid flow fuel cells(LFFCs) to flexible reactors for efficient oxidation of HMF to produce FDCA under mild *** LFFC reactor employed an electrodeposition modified nickel foam as an anode to promote HMF oxidation and(VO_(2))_(2)SO_(4) as a cathode electron carrier to facilitate the electron transfer to *** reaction rate could be easily controlled by selecting the anode catalyst,adjusting the external loading and changing the cathodic electron carrier or oxidants.A maximal power density of 44.9 mW cm^(-2) at room temperature was achieved,while for FDCA production,short-circuit condition was preferred to achieve quick transfer of *** a single batch operation with 0.1 M initial HMF,FDCA yield reached 97.1%.By fed-batch operation,FDCA concentration reached 144.5 g L^(-1) with a total yield of 96%.Ni^(2+)/Ni^(3+) redox couple was the active species mediating the electron transfer,while both experimental and DFT calculation results indicated that HMFCA pathway was the preferred reaction mechanism.

关键词： 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural 2 5-Furandicarboxylic acid Electrodeposition Electron transport chain Liquid flow fuel cell

Macro-microscopic dynamic characteristics of the ballast bed induced by the variation of moisture content

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 118-127页

作者： Shuchen Wang Longlong Fu Yongjia Qiu Haonan xi Shunhua Zhou Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rail Infrastructure Durability and System Safety Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

Due to the excellent drainage performance of the ballast,existing studies mainly focus on the dynamic response of ballast under field capacity or *** has rarely been paid to dynamic changes in moisture content and potential *** this article,we firstly conduct a model test to determine the variation of ballast moisture content under artificial *** that,a full-scale model test with cyclic loading is carried out to study the effect of moisture content variation on the macro-microscopic response of the ballast bed,where several wireless particle sensors are installed to obtain ballast motion characteristics at strategic *** results show that the moisture content increases gradually and stabilizes at a flat peak under rainfall,despite the excellent drainage performance of ballast *** halting rainfall,the moisture content drops back to field capacity,which indicates dynamic flowing surface water on ballast particles under *** flowing surface water brings changes to the original dynamic equilibrium of ballast bed:macroscopically,the deformation rate of stabilized ballast bed increases significantly,reaching a local peak under field capacity;microscopically,the x-and z-angular accelerations of the ballast show positive correlation with rainfall *** multiscale responses indicate that field capacity is a critical moisture content.

关键词： Railway ballast Flowing surface water Wireless particle sensor Multidimensional motion Full-scale model test

Impacts of electrochemical disinfection on the viability and structure of the microbiome in secondary effluent water

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 73-83页

作者： Marvin Yeung Lan Tian Yuhong Liu Hairong Wang Jinying xi Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China

Electrochemical disinfection(ECD)is a promising disinfection technique for wastewater reclamation;however,the impacts of ECD on the microbiome in secondary effluent wastewater remain *** this study,Propidium monoazide-qPCR(PMA-qPCR)and the plate count method were used to evaluate the inactivation performance,and the PMA-16S rRNA gene sequences of living cells were targeted to study the microbiome.A discrepancy was found between PMA-qPCR and the plate count method in the evaluation of cell count,with increases of 1.5 to 2.2 orders of magnitude in the disinfection rate after 150 s of ***,the cell count recovered and occasionally exceeded original levels within 3 d after *** was suppressed after ECD,but the microbiome after 150 s disinfection retained a higher level of evenness and stability in the community with a median Shannon index(>3.7).Pathogenic bacteria remained high in relative abundance even after 150 s of 25 V disinfection,but the biofilm-forming population was effectively suppressed by *** co-occurrence network revealed a centralized and fragile network as disinfection persisted,demonstrating the destabilizing effects of ECD on the *** pathways for cell membrane synthesis and organic compound degradation were enriched after *** reaction of the microbiome after ECD was similar to other disinfection techniques in terms of community structure.

关键词： Electrochemical disinfection Secondary effluent Microbiome

Colloid-facilitated release of polybrominated diphenyl ethers at an e-waste recycling site: evidence from undisturbed soil core leaching experiments

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 91-101页

作者： Zebin Huo Mengjun xi Lianrui Xu Chuanjia Jiang Wei Chen College of Environmental Science and Engineering Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental CriteriaTianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution ControlNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of persistent organic pollutants, have been frequently detected in soil at e-waste recycling sites. However, the key factors controlling the transport of PBDEs from surface soil to the vadose zone and groundwater are unclear. Here, colloid-enhanced leaching of PBDEs from undisturbed soil cores collected at an e-waste recycling site in Tianjin, china, is reported. Spatially heterogeneous release of colloids and PBDEs was observed in all the tested soil cores under chemical and hydrodynamic perturbations, indicating the presence of preferential flow paths. Colloid concentration in the effluent significantly increased as ionic strength decreased (from 10 to 0.01 mmol/L), probably due to the stronger electrostatic repulsion between colloidal particles and the soil matrix at lower ionic strength. In contrast, colloid mobilization was not significantly affected by the changes in pH of the influent (from 4.0 to 10.0) and flow rate (from a Darcy velocity of 1.5 to 6.0 cm/h). The concentrations of 2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,5,5′,6,6′-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), the predominant PBDE congener at the site, detected in the leachate (ranging from 1.09 to 3.43 ng/L) were much lower than previously reported results from packed column leaching tests, and were positively correlated with colloid concentrations. This indicates that remobilization of colloids at e-waste recycling sites can promote the leaching and downward migration of PBDEs from surface soil. The findings highlight the potential risk of surface soil PBDE contamination to groundwater quality and call for further understanding of colloid-facilitated transport for predicting the fate of PBDEs at e-waste recycling sites.

关键词： Polybrominated diphenyl ether Colloid-facilitated transport E-waste recycling site Undisturbed soil core Groundwater quality