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Quantitative analysis of soil pores under natural vegetation successions on the Loess Plateau

Science china Earth sciences 2010年第4期53卷 617-625页

作者： ZHAO ShiWei1,ZHAO YongGang1,2 & WU JinShui3.1 State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest agriculture & Forestry University,Yangling 712100,china 2 Graduate University of {3. Academy of sciences,Beijing 100049,china 3.institute of subtropical agriculture,{3. Academy of sciences,changsha 410125,china 1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University Yangling 712100 China2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China3. Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha 410125 China

Soil pore is a key attribute of the soil structure that affects soil reservoir under natural vegetation recovery on the Loess *** study is to quantitatively analyze soil pore parameters,measured with Computed Tomography(CT) at 15-57 mm depths under five different vegetation succession stages using a concept of substituting "space" for "time" in the Ziwuling Forest Region of the Loess *** results showed that the soil pore parameters,such as pore number,porosity,circularity,and fractal dimension,increased significantly under the natural vegetation successions and varied with the pattern climax community stage>pioneering arbor community stage>scrub community stage>herbaceous community stage>abandoned farmland stage,indicating that natural vegetation recovery could remarkably improve soil pore *** the vegetation succession,this positive effect will be strengthened gradually,which means that the soil pore parameters may appear to be best at the climax community *** organic matter content increased linearly with the soil pore parameters(P<0.001).Increased organic matter accumulation was one of the major reasons for the changes in soil pore characteristics in natural vegetation succession.

关键词： Computed Tomography Loess Plateau natural vegetation succession soil pore soil organic matter

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Recent Advances in Development of Herbicide Resistant Transgenic Hybrid Rice in china

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Rice science 2009年第3期16卷 235-239页

作者： XIAO Guo-ying institute of subtropical AgricuIture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha 410125 China

In addition to weed control in direct seeding field of hybrid rice, herbicide resistance genes were used by chinese scientists to increase and identify the purity of hybrid seeds, and to realize the mechanization of hybrid seed production. The elite restorer lines, such as Minghui 63. R752, T461, R402, D68 and E3. were transformed directly with herbicide resistance genes, in which D68 and E3. are restorer lines of two-line system and the others are of three-line system. Because almost all of important restorer lines are indica varieties and are recalcitrant in transformation, many herbicide resistant near-isogenic restorer lines were developed by sexual hybridization of indica and japonica varieties and backcross with indica restorer lines later, such as Ce 64, Minghui 63. Teqing, Milyang 46, R402 and 93.1, in which 93.1 is a restorer line of two-line system. The elite photoperiod-sensitive/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, such as Pei＇ai 64S, P88S, 4008S and 7001S, were transformed with herbicide resistance genes. A few herbicide resistant male sterile lines were developed through sexual hybridization and subsequently systemic selection, such as Bar1259S, Bar2172S, 05Z221A and 05Z227A. With the employment of herbicide resistant male sterile lines or herbicide resistant restorer lines, a few herbicide resistant hybrid rice combinations were developed, such as Xiang 125S/Bar 68-1 and Pei＇ai 64S/Bar 93.1. Based on herbicide resistance, the research was marching on to investigate the parental lines of hybrid rice with insect resistance, drought tolerance, etc.

关键词： hybrid rice herbicide resistance breeding transgene

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^(13.)Cs Redistribution in Thin Stony Soil of a Carbonate Rock Slope in Southwest china

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Pedosphere 2011年第1期21卷 37-45页

作者： LI Hao ZHANG Xin-Bao WANG Kc-Lin WEN An-Bang institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 (China) Graduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 (China) State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 (China) institute of subtropical agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha 410125 (China)

The fallout radionuclide cesium-13.(13. Cs) has been widely employed as a tracer for assessment of soil loss from thick uniform soils;however,few studies have been conducted on thin stony soils on slopes underlain by carbonate rocks which are widely distributed in karst *** derived from 13. Cs measurement of soil samples collected along a carbonate rock slope with thin stony soil where neither soil erosion nor deposition occurred was used to investigate the characteristics of 13. Cs redistribution in a karst area of Southwest *** results indicated that the 13. Cs inventories of the surface soil on the slope studied were much lower than that of the local 13. Cs reference inventory and the 13. Cs activities were much higher than those on slopes with thick uniform *** spatial distribution of 13. Cs inventories was characterized by considerable *** high 13. Cs depletion in the stony soil of the slope studied was mainly because a considerable proportion of the fallout input of 13. Cs could be lost with runoff and the dissolution of carbonate particles in the soil promoted the loss of 13. *** demonstrated that the rates of soil loss could not be estimated from the degree of depletion of the 13. Cs inventory relative to the local reference inventory for the thin stony soil of the rocky slope underlain by carbonate rocks in the study area in the way that has been widely used in areas with thick uniform soils.

关键词： carbonate dissolution, ^13.Cs fallout, ^13.Cs inventory karst area runoff

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Collnearity and similar expression pattern of rice DREB1s reveal their functional conservation in the cold-responsive pathway

Collnearity and similar expression pattern of rice DREB1s re...

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第十三届全国植物基因组学大会

作者： Donghai Mao,Caiyan Chen~* institute of subtropical agriculture,{3. Academy of sciences,changsha 410125,china

The clustered genes C-repeat(CRT) binding factor(CBF)1/dehydration-responsive element binding protein DREB1B,CBF2/DREB1C,and CBF3.DREB1A play a central role in cold acclimation and facilitate plant resistance to freezing in Arabidopsis ***(Oryza sativa L.) is very sensitive to low temperature;enhancing the cold stress tolerance of rice is a key challenge to increasing its *** this study,we

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Expression,Characterization and Immunogenicity of a Major Outer Membrane Protein from Vibrio alginolyticus

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2007年第3期39卷 194-200页

作者： Ronghua QIAN~(1,2) Wuying CHU~3.Zhijuan MAO~(1,4) Chongwen ZHANG~(1,2) Yongwei WEI~2 Lian YU~2* 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 3.0027,china 2 institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 3.0029,china {3.,chinese Academy of sciences,changsha 410125,china 4 Ningbo Oceanography and Fishery institute,Ningbo 3.5012,china DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering ZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310027China instituteofPreventiveVeterinaryMedicine ZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310029China instituteofsubtropicalagriculture ChineseAcademyofSciencesChangsha

Vibrio alginolyticus is one of the Vibrio pathogens common to humans and marine *** infection and induction of the host immune response,outer membrane proteins of bacteria play animportant *** this study,an outer membrane protein gene(ompW)was cloned from *** andexpressed in Escherichia *** 645 bp open reading frame(ORF)encodes a protein of 214 amino acidresidues with a predicted molecular weight of 23.3.*** amino acid sequence showed a high identitywith that of Photobacterium damselae(96.2%)and Vibrio parahaemolyticus(94.4%).The alignment analy-sis indicated that OmpW was highly *** dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisshowed that the gene was over-expressed in *** BL21(DE3..Western blot analysis revealed that theexpressed protein had *** recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatographyon Ni-NTA Superflow *** yellow croaker vaccinated with the purified OmpW showed significantlyincreased antibody to OmpW,which could resist the infection by ***.A specific antibody wasdetected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent *** study suggested that the conserved OmpW could bean effective vaccine candidate against infection by ***.

关键词： Vibrio alginolyticus ompW expression characterization immunogenicity vaccine candidate

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Enhancing disease resistances of Super Hybrid Rice with four antifungal genes

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Science china(Life sciences) 2007年第1期50卷 31-39页

作者： ZHU HuaChen1, XU XinPing1, XIAO GuoYing2,3. YUAN LongPing2 & LI BaoJian1 1 Biotechnology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, china 2 china National Hybrid Rice R&D Center, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, changsha 410125, china 3.institute of subtropical agriculture, the chinese Academy of sciences, changsha 410125, china 1. Biotechnology Research Center Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China 2. china National Hybrid Rice R&D Center Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center Changsha 410125 China 3. institute of subtropical agriculture the Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha 410125 China

A plant expression vector harboring four antifungal genes was delivered into the embryogenic calli of ‘93.1’, an indica restorer line of Super Hybrid Rice, via modified biolistic particle bombardment. Southern blot analysis indicated that in the regenerated hygromycin-resistant plants, all the four anti-fungal genes, including RCH10, RAC22, β-Glu and B-RIP, were integrated into the genome of ‘93.1’, co-transmitted altogether with the marker gene hpt in a Mendelian pattern. Some transgenic R1 and R2 progenies, with all transgenes displaying a normal expression level in the Northern blot analysis, showed high resistance to Magnaporthe grisea when tested in the typical blast nurseries located in Yanxi and Sanya respectively. Furthermore, transgenic F1 plants, resulting from a cross of R2 homo-zygous lines with high resistance to rice blast with the non-transgenic male sterile line Peiai 64S, showed not only high resistance to M. grisea but also enhanced resistance to rice false smut (a disease caused by Ustilaginoidea virens) and rice kernel smut (another disease caused by Tilletia barclayana).

关键词： Super Hybrid Rice multi-gene transformation rice blast rice false smut rice kernel smut anti-fungi disease resistance

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Phosphorus Transfer and Distribution in a Soybean-Citrus Intercropping System

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Pedosphere 2006年第4期16卷 435-443页

作者： ZHOU Wei-Jun WANG Kai-Rong ZHANG Yang-Zhu YIN Li-Chu LI He-Song College of Resources and Environment Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 （China） institute of subtropical agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha 4 10125 （China）

A mini-plot field experiment was conducted on a loamy clay Oxisol to compare and evaluate P absorption and transfer in plant organs and P movement in soil profile at three P application depths under the soybean-citrus intercropping versus the monoculture using a ^3.p tracer technique. Total P absorption （Pt） by soybean and P accumulation （Pa） in soybean organs decreased significantly （P 〈 0.05） under the intercropping in contrast to the monoculture. With intercropping, when ^3.p was applied in topsoil （15 cm soil layer）, total ^3.p absorption （^3.pt） in soybeans was significantly lower （P 〈 0.05）, but when ^3.p was applied to deeper soil layers （3. or 55 cm soil layer）, ^3.pt in soybeans was significantly greater （P 〈 0.05）. The percentage of P in leaves to total P （Pa/Pt） and 3.p in leaves to total ^3.p （^3.pa/^3.pt） for soybean were ≥ 25% and those of root ≥ 12%. When P was applied ia topsoil and 55 cm soil layer, no significant differences were found between intercropping and monoculture for Pt of citrus. The P absorbed by citrus was transferred rapidly to the growing organs of aboveground during the experiment, and the speed of transferring to the growing organs slowed when P was applied to the deeper soil layers. In intercropping, P mobility was heightened in the soil profile, and P in deeper soil layers moved up to topsoil more rapidly.

关键词： agroforestry ecosystem citrus monoculture, ^3.p fate soybean

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湘北红壤坡地土壤水分特征及其水分运移

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水土保持学报 2004年第5期18卷 104-107,111页

作者：谢小立王凯荣中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所湖南长沙410125

湘北红壤坡地土壤持水力强,有效水含量低(10％左右),含水量呈季节性变化(年变化可分为饱和、亏缺和补充3.时期);土壤结构性差,养分贫乏,原始生产力低,易产生降雨土壤侵蚀。湘北红壤坡地雨水自然资源化程度为降雨量的(46±2)％,农业利... 详细信息

湘北红壤坡地土壤持水力强,有效水含量低(10％左右),含水量呈季节性变化(年变化可分为饱和、亏缺和补充3.时期);土壤结构性差,养分贫乏,原始生产力低,易产生降雨土壤侵蚀。湘北红壤坡地雨水自然资源化程度为降雨量的(46±2)％,农业利用中必须强化雨水资源化过程。坡地典型农业利用系统(旱季)地表/大气界面的水分传输表现为:植被构成是影响传输通量的第一要素;气温和界面水势是影响土/气界面水分传输的主导环境气象因子;辐射和空气饱和水气压差是影响叶/气界面水分传输的主导环境气象因子;在一定的土壤含水量范围内,土/气界面水分传输通量受表层土壤含水量控制。土壤水分变化影响能量平衡,土壤蒸发量与土壤表层水分含量之间有线性正相关;土壤水分除通过影响能量分配来影响植物蒸腾外,土壤水分还能通过影响叶片气孔导度来影响植物蒸腾速率。

关键词：湘北地区红壤坡地土壤水分水分运移

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The δ^(18)O in the Guliya shallow ice core during the prevailing summer monsoons and sea-air interactions

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2001年第4期11卷 58-68页

作者： ZHANG Xin-ping1,2, Masayoshi Nakawo3. YAO Tan-dong4 (1. Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS, Nanjing 210008, china 2. institute of Territory and Environment Research, Hunan Normal University, {3. 410081, china 3. institute for Hydro CAS Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Nanjing China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:***) Hunan Normal University Institute of Territory and Environment Research Changsha China (GRID:grid.411427.5) (ISNI:***) Nagoya University Institute for Hydrospheric-Atmospheric Sciences Nagoya Japan (GRID:grid.27476.30) (ISNI:***) CAS Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Lanzhou China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:***)

The correlations of the d18Omax in the shallow ice core from the Guliya ice cap on the Tibetan Plateau with the global sea surface temperatures (SST) and height at the 500 hPa over the Northern Hemisphere were analyzed. The correlated regions on oceans that have a significant influence on the d18Omax in the Guliya ice core are all located in ocean currents, or convergent regions of currents. They are the eastern Equatorial Pacific, the Northern Pacific Current, the Hot Pool in the eastern Indian Ocean, the Mozambique Current, the Northern Atlantic Current, the Canary Current and the Atlantic Equatorial Current. The d18Omax in the Guliya ice core has negative correlations with the SST located in the lower latitudes, and positive correlations with the SST in the middle latitudes. The correlated areas at the 500 hPa that have a great impact on the d18Omax are located in the subtropical highs over the mid-low-latitude oceans and the long-wave trough area over Balkhash Lake, where there are marked negative correlations between the heights in those areas and the d18Omax. The influencing mechanism is displayed by the diversity of the vapor origins transported to the Guliya region. The strengths of the European ridge and the ridge over Baikal Lake have notable positive correlations with the d18Omax. The two systems indirectly influence the vapor transportation towards the Guliya region by the adjustment of long-wave trough and ridge.

关键词： the Tibetan Plateau the Guliya ice core δ18Omax SST circulation at 500 hPa correlation

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红壤坡地雨水产流及其土壤流失的垫面反应

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水土保持学报 2002年第4期16卷 37-40页

作者：谢小立王凯荣中国科学院亚热带区域农业研究所长沙410125

通过4年(1998～2001年)径流场定位观测研究,探明了不同植被垫面雨水产流过程中系统水土流失有显著性差异。水流失量为农作区>常绿灌木区、针叶林区>常绿果园区>退化区、恢复区。坡地不同垫面间雨水地表径流的差异存在,为坡地雨水利用和... 详细信息

通过4年(1998～2001年)径流场定位观测研究,探明了不同植被垫面雨水产流过程中系统水土流失有显著性差异。水流失量为农作区>常绿灌木区、针叶林区>常绿果园区>退化区、恢复区。坡地不同垫面间雨水地表径流的差异存在,为坡地雨水利用和利用坡地集雨支持农田灌溉提供了依据和可调控性。土壤流失量受人为干预、耕作强度的影响很大,坡地从自然保护到作物栽培,系统的土壤流失量提高20倍。茶果林地的土壤流失低于作物耕种的2～3.,而高于自然利用和自然保护的6～12倍。养分流失在数量和质量上皆取决于垫面构成。提出了利用坡地集雨优势,构建与单元生态系统水循环平衡相适应的坡地农林复合生态系统,并通过水平衡生态建设来维系生态系统的水分平衡。

关键词：垫面反应红壤坡地雨水产流土壤流失

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