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Immune checkpoint inhibitors:breakthroughs in cancer treatment

Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第6期21卷 451-472页

作者： Xueqing Kong Jinyi Zhang Shuwei Chen xianyang Wang Qing Xi Han Shen Rongxin Zhang Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation School of Life Sciences and BiopharmaceuticsGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou 510006China department of Biology School of Life Sciences and BiopharmaceuticsGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

Over the past two decades,immunotherapies have increasingly been considered as first-line treatments for most *** such treatment is immune checkpoint blockade(ICB),which has demonstrated promising results against various solid tumors in clinical *** antibodies(mAbs)are currently available as immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).These ICIs target specific immune checkpoints,including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4(CTLA-4)and programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1).Clinical trial results strongly support the feasibility of this immunotherapeutic ***,a substantial proportion of patients with cancer develop resistance or tolerance to treatment,owing to tumor immune evasion mechanisms that counteract the host immune ***,substantial research focus has been aimed at identifying additional ICIs or synergistic inhibitory receptors to enhance the effectiveness of anti-PD-1,anti-programmed cell death ligand 1(anti-PD-L1),and anti-CTLA-4 ***,several immune checkpoint molecular targets have been identified,such as T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains(TIGIT),mucin domain containing-3.TIM-3.,lymphocyte activation gene-3.LAG-3.,V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation(VISTA),B and T lymphocyte attenuator(BTLA),and signal-regulatory proteinα(SIRPα).Functional m Abs targeting these molecules are under ***-4,PD-1/PD-L1,and other recently discovered immune checkpoint proteins with distinct structures are at the forefront of *** review discusses these structures,as well as clinical progress in m Abs targeting these immune checkpoint molecules and their potential applications.

关键词： Immunotherapy cancer ICIs PD-1 CTLA-4

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Modified NiFe-MOF with defects induced by-NH_(2.and-SH for enhanced adsorption and photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2.

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第3期170卷 167-176页

作者： Ruting Huang Yeyin Zhang Wenqiang Li Wanxia Zhang Yong Fang Wenrui Zhang Anqi Cui Yu Ying xianyang Shi Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and RestorationSchool of Resource and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefei230601China Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling Resources and Environment of Anhui Institute of Soil and FertilizerAnhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei230001China

In this study,a Ni-Fe metal-organic framework modified by-NH_(2.and-SH was synthesized using a sim-ple hydrothermal process for enhancing photocatalytic CO_(2.*** expected,the N2.-NiFe(NH_(2.-BDC/H_(4)DSBDC,2.1)displayed excellent photocatalytic CO_(2.reduction activity and high CO selectivity(12.412.2.μmol g^(−1)h^(−1))under visible light irradiation(λ≥42. nm),which is 5 times that of ***,the excellent photocatalytic performance of N2.-NiFe can benefit from the rich defect trap site caused by the introduction of amino and sulfhydryl groups,accelerating charge transfer and promoting space charge separation,as supported by the photo-electrochemical *** better understand the CO_(2.adsorption mechanism,density functional theory calculations were performed,which revealed that the Niov site has more negative adsorption energy compared with the Feov *** study provides a simple strategy to establish efficient photocatalysts for CO_(2.reduction through the modification of organic ligands.

关键词： NiFe-MOF CO_(2.reduction Defect structure Photocatalytic

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Exploration of the Teaching Reform of Computer Composition Principles with Ideological and Political Education at Anqing normal University

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Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 2024年第10期8卷 294-299页

作者： Liangliang Zhang Liefu Ai Xin Zheng xianyang Wang Qingfeng Tang School of Computer and Information Anqing Normal UniversityAnqing 246133Anhui ProvinceChina

The teaching mode of the Computer Composition Principles includes theoretical and practical *** present,there is a problem of inconsistency in the teaching content of the two methods in our *** this end,this paper conducts online and offline hybrid teaching based on the learning platform and the virtual simulation experiment platform,and cleverly applies ideological and political elements to theoretical and practical teaching to practice ideological and political ***,the combination of theoretical and practical teaching modes can further help students firmly grasp the core knowledge points and improve the teaching quality and level of this course.

关键词： Theoretical teaching Practical teaching Ideological and political education Online and offline

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X-ray spectra induced in highly charged 40Ar^q+ interacting with Au surface

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第2期49卷 203-212页

作者： ZHANG Xiao’an1,2. XIAO Guoqing1, YANG Zhihu1, CHEN Ximeng3. ZHAO Yongtao1, LI Fuli4, ZHANG Yinping1, CUI Ying3. ZHANG Hongqiang3. XU Xu3. SHAO Jianxiong3.& ZHAN Wenlong11. Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, China 2. department of Physics, {3. {2. University,{3., China 3. department of Modern Physics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, China 4. department of Applied Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China 1. Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. department of Physics Xianyang Normal University Xianyang 712000 China 3. department of Modern Physics Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China 4. department of Applied Physics Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

By use of optical spectrum technology, the spectra of X-ray induced by highly charged 40Arq+ ions interacting with Au surface have been studied. The results show that the argon Kα X-ray were emitted from the hollow atoms formed below the surface. There is a process of multi-electron exciting in neutralization of the Ar16+ion, with electronic con-figuration 1s2.in its ground state below the solid surface. The yield of the projectile Kα X-ray is related to its initial electronic configuration, and the yield of the target X-ray is related to the projectile kinetic energy.

关键词： highly charged ion hollow multi-electron excitation X- ray.

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X-ray spectra induced by slow highly charged Ar^(q+) ions in collision with Nb surface

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2008年第10期51卷 1463-1469页

作者： YANG ZhiHu1, CUI Ying2. CHEN XiMeng2. SONG ZhangYong1, SHAO JianXiong2. RUAN FangFang1, ZHANG HongQiang2. DU Juan2. LIU YuWen2. GAO ZhiMing2. ZHANG XiaoAn3. ZHU KeXin1, YU DeYang1 & CAI XiaoHong1 1 Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, China 2.department of Modern Physics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, China 3.department of Physics,{2.,{3., China 1. Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. department of Modern Physics Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China 3. department of Physics Xianyang Normal College Xianyang 712000 China

The X-ray spectra of Nb surface induced by Arq+ (q =16,17) ions with the energy range from 10 to 2. keV/q were studied by the optical spectrum technology. The experimental results indicate that the multi-electron excitation occurred as a highly charged Ar16+ ion was neutralized below the metal surface. The K shell electron of Ar16+ was excited and then de-excited cascadly to emit K X-ray. The intensity of the X-ray emitted from K shell of the hollow Ar atom decreased with the increase of projectile kinetic energy. The intensity of the X-ray emitted from L shell of the target atom Nb increased with the increase of projectile kinetic energy. The X-ray yield of Ar17+ is three magnitude orders larger than that of Ar16+.

关键词： highly charged ion hollow atom multi-electron X-ray

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X-ray spectra induced by ^(12.)Xe^(q+) impacting the metal surface

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2008年第1期51卷 82-89页

作者： ZHANG XiaoAn 1,2.,XIAO GuoQing 1 ,YANG ZhiHu 1 ,CHEN XiMeng 3.,ZHAO YongTao 1 , LI FuLi 4 ,WANG Li 1,2.,CUI Ying 3.,ZHANG HongQiang 3.&ZHAN WenLong 1 1Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 73.000,China 2.0} of Physics,{3. {2. University,{3. 712.00,China 3.7} of Modern Physics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 73.000,China 4department of Applied Physics,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China 1. Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. department of Physics Xianyang Normal University Xianyang 712000 China 3. department of Modern Physics Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China 4. department of Applied Physics Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

Using the slow highly charged ions 12. Xe q+ (q=2.,2.,2.;initial kinetic T0≤4.65 keV/a.u.)to impact Au surface,the Au atomic Mαcharacteristic X-ray spectrum is *** result shows that as long as the charge state of projectile is high enough,the heavy atomic characteristic X-ray can be effectively excited even though the incident beam is very weak(nA magnitude),and the X-ray yield per ion is in the order of 10-8and increases with the kinetic energy and potential energy of *** measuring the Au Mα-X-ray spectra,Au atomic N-level lifetime is estimated at about 1.3.×10-18s based on Heisenberg uncertainty relation.

关键词： slow highly charged ions characteristic X-ray level lifetime

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Superconductivity of small metal grains

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2005年第4期48卷 431-441页

作者： ZHENG Renrong1 CHEN Zhiqian2.& ZHU Shunquan1,3.1. department of Physics, Shanghai normal University, Shanghai 2.02.4, China 2. department of Physics, Southwest normal University, Chongqing 400715, China 3. department of Computer and Electric Technology, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai 2.1400, China 1. department of Physics Shanghai Normal University 200234 Shanghai China 2. department of Physics Southwest Normal University 400715 Chongqing China 3. department of Computer and Electric Technology Shanghai Business School 201400 Shanghai China

The formulas of the energy gap and superconducting critical temperature appropriate for systems with both odd and even number of electrons are derived; the bases of the derivations are BCS theory and energy level statistics. Numerical results qualitatively agree with the experimental phenomena. i.e., the superconductivity of small metallic grains will first enhance then decrease to zero when the grain are getting smaller and smaller. The calculations indicate that the above phenomena happen in the metallic grains belonging to Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble (GOE) and Gaussian Unitary ensemble (GUE) with zero spin; The superconductivity of small metallic grains in Gaussian Symplectic Ensemble (GSE) will monotonically decrease to zero with the decreasing of the grain size. The analyses suggest that the superconductivity enhancements come from pairing and the balance of the strengths between spin-orbital coupling and external magnetic field. In order to take the latter into account, it is necessary to include the level statistics given by Random Matrix Theory (RMT) in describing small metallic grains.

关键词： size effect, superconductivity enhancements, small metallic grains.

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OPTIMIZATION OF ADAPTIVE DIRECT METHOD FOR APPROXIMATE SOLUTION OF INTEGRAL EQUATIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2004年第2期24卷 228-234页

作者：马万房艮孙 departmentofMathematics BeijingNormalUniversityBeijing100875China

This paper determines the exact error order on optimization of adaptive direct methods of approximate solution of the class of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind with kernel belonging to the anisotropic So... 详细信息

关键词： Integral equations direct methods anisotropic sobolev classes

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Kinetic energy and charge state effects in the X-ray emission of Mo surface induced by Xe^(q+)(q=2.,2.) ions

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2008年第9期51卷 1240-1244页

作者： CUI Ying1,YANG ShengSheng2.YANG ZhiHu3.XU JinZhang1,ZHANG HongQiang1,XU Xu1,SHAO JianXiong1,LIU ZhaoYuan1,XIAO GuoQing3.ZHANG XiaoAn4,ZHAO YongTao3.ZHANG YanPing3.& CHEN XiMeng1 1 department of Modern Physics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 73.000,China 2.National Key Laboratory of Vacuum & Cryogenics Technology and Physics,Lanzhou 73.000,China 3.Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 73.000,China 4 {3. {2. of {3.,{3. 713.00,China department of Modern Physics Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China National Key Laboratory of Vacuum & Cryogenics Technology and Physics Lanzhou 730000 China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China normal college of {2. Xianyang 713000 China

L-shell X-ray spectra of Mo surface induced by Xe2.+ and Xe2.+ were measured. The X-ray intensity was obtained in the kinetic energy range of the incident ions from 3.0 to 600 keV. The relationship of X-ray intensity ... 详细信息

关键词： X-ray surface kinetic energy and charge state effect Xeq+

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Spectral anomalies and spectral switches of partially coherent and polychromatic light diffracted at an aperture

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2004年第1期47卷 24-35页

作者： Lü Baida1, 3.& PAN Liuzhan1, 2.1. Institute of Laser Physics and Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China 2. department of Physics, Luoyang {3. {2., Luoyang 47102., China 3. State Key Laboratory of Laser Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 43.074, China Correspondence should be addressed to L Baida (email: badalu@***) Received July 10, 2.03 1. Institute of Laser Physics and Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China 2. State Key Laboratory of Laser Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology 430074 Wuhan China 3. department of Physics Luoyang Normal College 471022 Luoyang China

Based on the propagation theory of partially coherent light in the space-frequency domain, the anomalous spectral behavior and spectral switches in the far field of partially coherent and polychromatic light diffracted at an aperture are studied. It is shown that, as compared with spatially fully coherent and polychromatic light whose spectral anomalies are induced only by aperture diffraction, the spectral anomalies and spectral switches of partially coherent and polychromatic light depend on the aperture diffraction, spatial correlationβ and bandwidth of the original spectrum. Detailed numerical calculations are made to illustrate the behavior of spectral switches of partially coherent and polychromatic light, and the results for spatially fully coherent and polychromatic light are treated as a special case ofβ=1 and included in our theory.

关键词： spectral anomaly spectral switch partially coherent and polychromatic light far field aperture diffraction

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