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Gas formation mechanism of marine carbonate source rocks in china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 441-453页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi1, WANG Zhaoyun1, HE Haiqing2, ZHANG Mingjie3, WANG Hongjun1, WANG Yunpeng4 & QIN Yong5 1. research institute of petroleum exploration & development, petrochina, beijing 100083, china 2. petrochina exploration & Production, beijing 100011, china 3. Department of Geology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, china 4. Guangzhou Geochemical institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, china 5. china University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, china research institute of petroleum exploration & development PetroChinaBeijin China petrochina exploration & Production Beijing China Department of Geology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Guangzhou Geochemical institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China china University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou China

By breaking through the conventional ideology on the study of gas-formation mechanism of source rocks which focused on merely the characteristics of source rocks them- selves, and based on the development and distribution characteristics of marine carbonate source rocks in the medium-to-bottom parts of the Chinese superimposed sedimentary basins as well as various processes in the course of gas generation and reservoir forming, the complex hydrocarbon-generating model of carbonates is established. Such a model concerns not only the “three-stage” gas formation characteristics of carbonates, but also the gas generation process due to a thermal cracking of oil and the re-generation process of gas from heated secondary organic matters during the gas-generation and reservoir-forming course. The high-quality hy- drocarbon generating matter of marine carbonate source rocks determined a high gas-oil ratio and tended to form paleo-oil-reservoirs, representing an enrichment process of organic matters. The thermal cracking of oil in palaeo-oil-reservoirs is an important means for the effective forma- tion of gas reservoirs. The secondary organic matters in carbonate reservoirs may regenerate gas after a secondary deep burial, thus becoming an effective gas source.

关键词： carbonate, three-stage hydrocarbon generation, inhibitive effect of maturity, oil-cracking gas, second-ary asphalt gas.

GEOCHEMICAL　CHARACTERISTICS　OF　THE　COAL－FORMED　GASES　IH　THE　EAST　OF　THE　CENTRAL－ASIA　COAL－FORMED　GAS　ACCUMULATION　DOMAIN──SERIES　STUDY　Ⅱ　ON　THE　CENTRAL－ASIA　COAL－FORMED　GAS　ACCUMULATION　DOMAIN

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石油勘探与开发 1995年第4期 102-107页

作者： Dai Jin-xing Li Xian-qi Song Yan Chen Ying(Scientific research institute of petroleum exploration and development, beijing, 100083).

ＧＥＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＴＨＥＣＯＡＬ－ＦＯＲＭＥＤＧＡＳＥＳＩＨＴＨＥＥＡＳＴＯＦＴＨＥＣＥＮＴＲＡＬ－ＡＳＩＡＣＯＡＬ－ＦＯＲＭＥＤＧＡＳＡＣＣＵＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＤＯＭＡＩＮ──Ｓ... 详细信息

ＧＥＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＴＨＥＣＯＡＬ－ＦＯＲＭＥＤＧＡＳＥＳＩＨＴＨＥＥＡＳＴＯＦＴＨＥＣＥＮＴＲＡＬ－ＡＳＩＡＣＯＡＬ－ＦＯＲＭＥＤＧＡＳＡＣＣＵＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＤＯＭＡＩＮ──ＳＥＲＩＥＳＳＴＵＤＹⅡＯＮＴＨＥＣ...

关键词： Natural gas Geochendstry Carbon isotope Helium isotope.

Preliminary study on the origin identification of natural gas by the parameters of light hydrocarbon

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 131-139页

作者： HU GuoYi 1,2,3 ,LI Jian 1,2 ,LI Jin 1,2 ,LI ZhiSheng 1,2 ,LUO Xia 1,2 ,SUN QingWu 1,2 &MA ChengHua 1,2 1 research institute of petroleum exploration and development(Langfang Branch),petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 2 The Key Laboratory of Gas Formation and development,petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3 College of Geo-Resources and Information,china University of petroleum,beijing 102200,china research institute of petroleum exploration and development (Langfang Branch) Petrochina Langfang China The Key Laboratory of Gas Formation and development Petrochina Langfang China College of Geo-Resources and Information China University of Petroleum Beijing China

The light hydrocarbon composition of 209 natural gas samples and individual light hydrocarbon carbon isotopes of 53 natural gas samples from typical humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas in the four basins of china have been determined and *** identification parameters for humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas are proposed or *** differences of compound-specificδ13C value of individual light hydrocarbon between humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas have been *** humic-sourced gas has the distribution ofδ13C benzene > -24‰,δ13C toluene >-23‰,δ13C cyclohexane >-24‰andδ13C methyl cyclohexane >-24‰,while the sapropelicsourced gas has the distribution ofδ13C benzene 3C toluene 3C cyclohexane 3C methyl cyclohexane 30%and relative content of MCH of less than 70%is sapropelic-sourced gas,while gas with relative content of nC7 of less than 35%and relative content of MCH of more than 50%is humic-sourced *** components of C5-7 aliphatics, the gas with relative content of C5-7 normal alkane of more than 30%is sapropelic-sourced gas,while the gas with relative content of C5-7 normal alkane of less than 30%is humic-sourced *** paremeters have been suggested to identify humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas.

关键词： natural gas humic-sourced gas sapropelic-sourced gas carbon isotope light hydrocarbon parameters

Control of neotectonic movement on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa Foreland Basin,west china

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petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 49-58页

作者： Jiang Zhenxue Li Lianxia Song Yan Tian Fenghua Zhao Mengjun Wang Haijiang Zhao Zhenxing State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China exploration and development research institute PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Department of exploration ＆ development PetroChina CBM Limited Company Beijing 100013 China exploration Department Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Kuerle Xinjiang 841000 China No.8 Oil Production Plant Changqing Oilfield Company PetroChina Xi＇an Shaanxi 710018 China

Neotectonic movement refers to the tectonic movement that has happened since the Cenozoic, which is the latest movement. It has the most important influence on the basins in west china, especially on the hydrocarbon accumulation in the western foreland basins. We determined the time of neotectonic movement in the Kuqa Foreland Basin, which began from the Neogene, and analyzed the patterns of movement, which were continuous and fast subsidence in the vertical direction and intense lateral compression. The structure styles are that the faulting is weakened and the folding is strengthened gradually from north to south. We studied the control of neotectonic movement on the hydrocarbon accumulation process and model in the Kuqa Foreland Basin with basin simulation technique. The largest subsidence rate of the Kuqa Foreland Basin reached 1,200 m/Ma during the neotectonic movement, leading to rapid maturing of source rock within 5 Ma and a large quantity of hydrocarbon being generated and expelled. The thick neotectonic strata can form high quality reservoirs with the proved gas and oil reserves accounting for 5% and 27% of the total reserves, respectively. 86% of the structural traps were formed in the neotectonic movement period. The faults formed during the neotectonic movement serve as important migration pathways and they exist in the region where the hydrocarbon reservoirs are distributed. Abnormally high pressure caused by the intense lateral compression, thick neotectonic strata deposition and rapid hydrocarbon generation provide driving force for hydrocarbon migration. The accumulation elements match each other well over a short period, leading to many large gas fields formed later in the Kuqa Foreland Basin.

关键词： Kuqa Foreland Basin neotectonic movement accumulation element accumulation process accumulation model

Distribution and State of Ni Contaminants on Resid Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts—Characterization by AEM, EPMA, UV-Vis and TPR

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石油学报（石油加工） 1997年第S1期13卷 148-153页

作者： Xue Yongfang (research institute of petroleum Processing, beijing 100083) research institute of petroleum Processing Beijing 100083 China

ＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄＳｔａｔｅｏｆＮｉＣｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｎｔｓｏｎＲｅｓｉｄＦｌｕｉｄＣａｔａｌｙｔｉｃＣｒａｃｋｉｎｇＣａｔａｌｙｓｔｓ—ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｂｙＡＥＭ，ＥＰＭＡ，ＵＶＶｉｓ... 详细信息

ＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄＳｔａｔｅｏｆＮｉＣｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｎｔｓｏｎＲｅｓｉｄＦｌｕｉｄＣａｔａｌｙｔｉｃＣｒａｃｋｉｎｇＣａｔａｌｙｓｔｓ—ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｂｙＡＥＭ，ＥＰＭＡ，ＵＶＶｉｓａｎｄＴＰＲＸｕｅＹｏｎｇｆａｎｇ...

关键词： distribution state Ni contaminant equilibrium catalysts resid fluid catalytic cracking process

Study on attribute characterization for reservoir dynamic monitoring by seismic

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 218-225页

作者： CHEN XiaoHong1,3,LI JingYe2,3 & ZHAO Wei4 1 Key Lab of Geophysical exploration of CNPC,china petroleum University,beijing 102249,china 2 Basin & Reservoir research Center,china petroleum University,beijing 102249,china 3 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china University of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 4 research Center of CNOOC,beijing 100027,china Key Lab of Geophysical exploration of CNPC China Petroleum University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China Basin & Reservoir research Center China Petroleum University Beijing China research Center of CNOOC Beijing China

Study on characterizing reservoir parameters dynamic variations by time-lapse seismic attributes is the theoretical basis for effectively distinguishing reservoir parameters variations and conducting time-lapse seismic interpretation,and it is also a key step for time-lapse seismic application in real oil fields. Based on the rock physical model of unconsolidated sandstone,the different effects of oil saturation and effective pressure variations on seismic P-wave and S-wave velocities are calculated and analyzed. Using numerical simulation on decoupled wave equations,the responses of seismic amplitude with different offsets to reservoir oil saturation variations are analyzed,pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes differences for oil saturation and effective pressure variations of P-P wave and P-S converted wave are calculated,and time-lapse seismic AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) response rules of P-P wave and P-S converted wave to effective pressure and oil saturation variations are compared. The theoretical modeling study shows that it is feasible to distinguish different reservoir parameters dynamic variations by pre-stack time-lapse seismic information,including pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes and AVO information,which has great potential in improving time-lapse seismic interpreta-tion precision. It also shows that the time-lapse seismic response mechanism study on objective oil fields is especially important in establishing effective time-lapse seismic data process and interpreta-tion scheme.

关键词： time-lapse seismic dynamic monitoring rock physical model pre-stack attribute Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO)

The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H2S formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir,china

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 150-163页

作者： ZHU GuangYou, ZHANG ShuiChang & LIANG YingBo research institute of petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, beijing 100083, china

Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2S is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2S concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2S and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2S. Recently, researches show that H2S is only a necessary condition of H2S formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2S and CO2, and the H2S formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2S has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2S preservation are the prerequisite of H2S distribution prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2S-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2S-bearing.

关键词： H2S carbonate rock distribution prediction controlling factors TSR Sichuan Basin

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF GAS POOLS (FIELDS) IN china

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石油勘探与开发 1997年第2期24卷 91-95页

作者： Dai Jinxing( Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences research Insitute of Petdsm exploration and development, CNPC, beijing, 100083)

Chinese natural gas Pools (fields) are chiefly hydrocarbon gas pools (fields), with a few of CO2 and a tiny of H2S ones. The gas genetic types are multiple, dominated by oil-type gas and coal-formed gas types,and then followed by other types such as the biogas, mixed gas, H2S-rich gas and abiogenetic gas etc.. The medium-large sized gas pools (fields), in number, account for onIy 13% of the total gas and oil-gas fields in china, but they pes more than 70% gas reserves of the total. The abiogenetic CO2 gas pooIs (fields) are mainly located in the eastern oil-gas bearing basins, such as the Bohai Bay, Songliao, Subei, Sanshui, East china Sea and Zhujiangkou basins etc.. Natural gas pools (fields) tend to develop in or surround the gas generation centers of sedimentary basins.

关键词： Natural gas Gas reservoir Gas field Feature Gas reservoir type Natural gas origin Petroliferous basin (Gas generation center)

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK AND HYDROCARBON DISTRIBUTION OF THE TERTIARY NONMARINE STRATA IN THE BOHAI BAY RIFT BASIN

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Scientia Geologica Sinica 2001年第2期 73-86页

作者： Xue Liangqing, Chi Yingliu, and Cao Yinghui research institute of petroleum exploration & development of petrochina, beijing 100083, china

The Tertiary strata in the Bohai Bay basin consist of the Lower Tertiary sequence deposited at the rift stage and the Upper Tertiary sequence deposited at the post-rift stage. The Lower Tertiary sequence is composed of the three second-order sequences Ek, Es4-3, and Es2-Ed. Every second-order sequence corresponding to one rifting episode can be divided into the lowstand, transgressive, and highstand third-order sequence sets, which are represented as sedimentary products of the initial rifting, lacustrine expanding and contracting stages. The late transgressive and early highstand sequence sets are favorable periods for forming regional source and seal rocks. Three sets of major source and seal rocks and four sets of source-reservoir-seal combinations are recognized in the Tertiary strata. Differences of Tertiary tectonic history in different sags or depressions result in differences of developing periods and features of source-reservoir-seal combinations.

关键词： Bay SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK AND HYDROCARBON DISTRIBUTION OF THE TERTIARY NONMARINE STRATA IN THE BOHAI BAY RIFT BASIN