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Natural gas geochemistry and its origins in Kuqa depression

Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 174-182页

作者： LIU QuanYou 1 ,QIN ShengFei 1 ,LI Jian 2.,LIU WenHui 3 ,ZHANG DianWei 3 ,ZHOU QingHua 1 &HU AnPing 1 1 research institute of {2. exploration and development,PetroChina,beijing 100083.China 2.Langfang Branch of research institute of {2. exploration and development,PetroChina,Langfang 065007,China 3 exploration and Production research institute,sinopec,beijing 100083.China PetroChina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China PetroChina Langfang Branch Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Langfang 065007 Peoples R China sinopec Explorat & Prod Res Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

According to gas compositional and carbon isotopic measurement of 114 gas samples from the Kuqa depression,accumulation of the natural gases in the depression is dominated by hydrocarbon gases, with high gas dryness(C1/C1-4)at the middle and northern parts of the depression and low one towards east and west sides and southern *** carbon isotopes of methane and its homologues are relatively enriched in 13 C,and the distributive range ofδ13C 1 ,δ13C 2.andδ13C 3 is-32.―-36‰,-2.‰―-2.‰and-2.‰―-2.‰,*** general,the carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes become less negative with the increase of carbon ***δ13C CO2.value is less than-10‰in the Kuqa depression,indicating its organogenic *** distributive range of 3 He/ 4 He ratio is within n×10-8 and a decrease in 3 He/ 4 He ratio from north to south in the depression is *** on the geochemical parameters of natural gas above,natural gas in the Kuqa depression is of characteristics of coal-type gas *** possible reasons for the partial reversal of stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes involve the mixing of gases from one common source rock with different thermal maturity or from two separated source rock intervals of similar kerogen type,multistages accumulation of natural gas under high-temperature and over-pressure conditions,and sufficiency and diffusion of natural gas.

关键词： Kuqa depression natural gas stable carbon isotope gas origin

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Geological characteristics of large gas provinces and large gas fields in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 14-35页

作者： ZOU CaiNeng &TAO ShiZhen research institute of {2. exploration and development,PetroChina,beijing 100083.China PetroChina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Based on the examination of the global researches on oil and gas provinces and large gas fields and the analysis of the features,attributes and distribution of large gas provinces and gas fields,this paper puts forward three indicators of determining large oil and gas provinces:spatial indicator,reservoir-forming indicator and resource *** classifies the gas accumulated areas and large gas provinces in China and analyzes the controlling factors on the distribution of large gas provinces and large gas fields:the lateral distribution is mainly controlled by high-energy sedimentary facies and constructive diagenetic facies,palaeo-highs and their periclinal zones,deep faults,etc,and the vertical distribution is mainly controlled by unconformities,series of evaporates and deep low-velocity highly-conductive beds,*** also reveals the main geological characteristics of large gas provinces and large gas fields in *** gas fields in four-type basins have their own characteristics and onland large gas fields are dominantly developed in foreland basins and craton basins;there are three types of gas sources,of which,coal is the main source with high gas generating intensity and varying origins;reservoir rocks of the large gas fields(provinces)are of various types and dominated generally by low-middle permeability and porosity pore-type reservoirs;structural traps and litho-stratigraphic traps coexist in Chinese large gas fields and form dense high abundance and large-area low and middle-abundance large gas fields;most of the large gas fields have late hydrocarbon-generation peaks and reservoir formation,and experienced the process of multiple-stage charging and late finalization; large gas provinces(fields)have good sealing and preservation conditions,and evaporates seals are largely developed in large and extra-large gas *** paper intends to shed light on the exploration and {2. of large gas fields(provinces)through analyzing their geological

关键词： large gas province large gas field indicator of large oil and gas provinces forming condition distribution characteristics geological feature

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SEVERAL　CONSIDERATIONS　ON　HYDROCARBON　GENERATION　MECHANISM　AND　EVOLUTION　OF　CARBONATE　ROCKS

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石油勘探与开发 1996年第5期23卷 75-80页

作者： Cheng Keming Wang Zhaoyun(research institute of {2. exploration and development, CNPC, beijing, 100083. China)

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ＳＥＶＥＲＡＬＣＯＮＳＩＤＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＮＨＹＤＲＯＣＡＲＢＯＮＧＥＮＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＡＮＤＥＶＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＡＲＢＯＮＡＴＥＲＯＣＫＳ￥ＣｈｅｎｇＫｅｍｉｎｇ；ＷａｎｇＺｈａｏｙｕｎ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆ...

关键词： Marine factes Oil generation of carbonate rocks Mechanism Evaluation Oil-generatingindex Thermal evolution

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Timing and history of marine hydrocarbon accumulation in Tarim craton

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第S1期47卷 120-127页

作者： ZHAO Jingzhou~(1,2. & LI Qiming~3 1. Department of petroleum Geology, Xi’an petroleum {2., Xi’an 710065, China 2. research {2. of petroleum exploration and development, PetroChina, beijing 100083. China 3. Tarim Oilfield Company, Kuerle, Xinjiang 841000, China Xian Petr Inst Dept Petr Geol Xian 710065 Peoples R China PetroChina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Tarim Oilfield Co Xinjiang 841000 Peoples R China

Based on the analyses of hydrocarbon inclu-sions, K-Ar dating of authigenic illites and oil/gas-watercontact retrospection as well as other methods, the marineprimary reservoirs in the cratonic region of the Tarim Basinare found to have been formed in the late Caledonian toearly Hercynian, late Hercynian, and Himalayan, and oil andgas adjusted and redistributed in the Yanshanian (Jurassic toCretaceous) and Himalayan (Tertiary). The analyses alsoshow that the remaining primary oil accumulations aremostly formed in the late Hercynian, and the secondary oilreservoirs resulted from the adjustment and redistribution ofthe earlier accumulations during the Yanshanian and Hima-layan (especially late Himalayan), of which the Himalayan isalso the major stage of gas accumulation. The primary oilreservoirs formed in the late Hercynian mostly occur withinthe Paleozoic formation, whereas the secondary reservoirsformed in the Himalayan in the Mesozoic. The late adjust-ment and redistribution of reservoirs in the craton region ofthe Tarim Basin is ubiquitous because of the intensified tec-tonic movements since the Mesozoic, especially Cenozoic andintrusion of the high- to over-mature gas. Furthermore, thelower amplitude of reservoirs in the craton region also makesthem easier to be adjusted and redistributed. Therefore, theremaining paleo-uplift and palaeo-slope developed in rela-tively stable tectonic regions are the main potential areas forthe middle-large marine reservoirs in the Tarim Basin.

关键词： Tarim Basin craton geochronology of hydrocarbon accumulation history of hydrocarbon accumulation marine reservoir primary reservoir secondary reservoir.

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In situ reproductive organs of Early Cretaceous ferns from Northeast China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第23期42卷 1977-1980,2026页

作者： DENG Shenghui and CHEN Fen1. research institute of {2. and development, beijing 100083.2. China University of Geosciences, beijing 100083. China research institute of {2. and development Beijing China University of Geosciences Beijing China

FILICOPSIDA is a predominant group of the Early Cretaceous floras of Northeast China, whichapproximates 100 species and accounts for more than one third of the floras. The majority ofthis group are of great importance and significance in stratigraphy. The previous studies ofthese ferns are mainly morphological, with only a few concerning the in situ spores andsporangia. In recent years. the authors have carried out a research project on the in situreproductive organs of the Early Cretaceous ferns from/ basins of Inner Mongolia, Liaoning,Jilin and Heilongjiang of Northeast China. The study focuses on 35 species of 17 genera be-longing to 10 families. The present note briefly introduces the results of this study by listingsome representative species.

关键词： Northeast China Early Cretaceous Filicopsida in situ reproductive organs.

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Carbon and hydrogen isotopic characteristics of natural gases from the Luliang and Baoshan basins in Yunnan Province, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第9期49卷 938-946页

作者： XU Yongchang1, LIU Wenhui2. SHEN Ping1, WANG Wanchun1, WANG Xiaofeng1, Tenger1, YAN Yaomin3 & LIU Ruobin3 1. Lanzhou Center of Oil & Gas Resources, institute of Geology and Geophsics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. research institute of petroleum exploration and Production, sinopec, beijing 100083. China 3. South Branch of petroleum exploration and Production Company, sinopec, Kuming 650000, China 1. Lanzhou Center of Oil & Gas Resources Institute of Geology and Geophsics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. research institute of {2. exploration and Production SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China 3. South Branch of petroleum exploration and Production Company SINOPEC Kuming 650000 China

The Luliang and Baoshan basins of Yunnan Province are two small-sizedcontinental oil/gas-bearing sedimentary basins, which were developed at the bases of theCarboniferous and Devonian systems during the Late Tertiary, covering an area of 32. km^2.and 2.4km^2. respectively. Since the 1990s, there have been discovered small-sized natural gas pools inthese two basins. The natural gases are composed mainly of hydrocarbon gases, with nonhydrocarbonsaccounting for less than 2.. Of the hydrocarbon gases, methane accounts for more than 99%, and thecomponents above C_2.account for less than 0.2.. On the basis of previous studies of geologicalbackground, the composition of natural gases and their carbon isotopic composition, it has beendefined that these two gas pools are of bacterial origin. In this work we have comprehensivelymeasured the carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of natural gases from these two basins andhave gone into the details of the mechanism of gas generation. The δ^(13)C_1 values of naturalgases from the Luliang Basin are within the range of -72.1 per thousand - -73.3 per thousand, andthe δD_(CH_4) values, -2.2.per thousand - -2.4 per thousand, indicating that the bacterial gasgeneration is dominated by the way of CO_2.reduction. It has been evidenced that undercontinental-facies fresh water conditions there did occur the CO_2.reduction as a process ofbacterial gas generation. The δ^(13)C_1 values of natural gases from the Baoshan Basin are withinthe range of - 62.5 per thousand - -63.5 per thousand, and the δD_(CH_4) values, -2.2.per thousand- -2.0 per thousand. These isotopic characteristics are fallen into transitional phase of acetatefermentation and CO_2.reduction as defined by Whiticar et al. (1986). An important discovery in theLuliang Basin is the carbon isotopic composition of ethane of purely biogenetic origin, i.e., itsδ^(13)C_2.values are within the range of - 61.2.per thousand - - 66.0 per thousand. These carbonisotopic values have been r

关键词： bacterial gas, carbon and hydrogen isotope, CO2 reduction, acetate fermentation.

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Effect of Diesel Fuel Composition on Exhaust Emissions

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China petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2009年第4期11卷 42-47页

作者： Shen Yanjin (sinopec research {2. of petroleum Processing,beijing 100083. sinopec research {2. of petroleum Processing Beijing 100083 China

In this paper,the influence of aromatic content,one of main fuel properties,on diesel particulate emissions was studied at five steady-state operating conditions using a heavy-duty Perkins 4.2.6 *** analysis of the particulate showed the presence of biologically active polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) in high *** PAH in liquid fuel are identified to be the dominant source of particulate *** particulates are also considered a potential health hazard because of the presence of PAH in the SOF of the particulates and some of these PAH are known to be carcinogenic.

关键词： exhaust emissions aromatics content particulate soluble organic fraction(SOF) carcinogenic PAH

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Formation mechanism of carbonate cemented zones adjacent to the top overpressured surface in the central Junggar Basin,NW China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第4期53卷 529-540页

作者： YANG Zhi1,2.ZOU CaiNeng1,3,HE Sheng2.LI QiYan1,HE ZhiLiang3,WU HengZhi5,CAO Feng1,MENG XianLong4,WANG FuRong2.& XIAO Qilin2. State Key Laboratory of EOR,research institute of {2. exploration & development,PetroChina,beijing 100083.China 2.Key Laboratory of Tectonics and {2. Resources of Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China 3 State Key Laboratory of EOR,research institute of {2. exploration & development,Petrochina,beijing 100083.China 4 research institute of {2. exploration and Production,sinopec,beijing 100083.China 5 Southwest Branch Company,sinopec,Chengdu 610051,China 1. State Key Laboratory of EOR Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China2. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China3. State Key Laboratory of EOR Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development Petrochina Beijing 100083 China5. Southwest Branch Company SINOPEC Chengdu 610051 China4. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Production SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China

Carbonate cemented zones are normally adjacent to the top overpressured surface in the central Junggar Basin,NW *** carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions and petrological investigations of carbonate cements in the carbonate cemented zones indicate that:(1) carbonate cements are composed dominantly of ferrocalcite,ferroan dolomite,and ankerite;(2. carbonate cements are formed under a high temperature circumstance in the subsurface,and organic fluid migration has an important effect on the formation of them;and(3) carbon and oxygen ions in the carbonate cements migrate from the underlying overpressured *** suggests that the occurrence of carbonate cemented zones in this region results from multiple phases of organic fluid expulsion out of the overpressure compartment through geological *** study provides a plausible mechanism of the formation of carbonate cemented zones adjacent to the top overpressured surface in the clastic sedimentary basins,and has an important implication for understanding the internal correlation between the formation of carbonate cemented zones adjacent to top overpressured surface and geofluids expulsion out of overpressured system.

关键词： carbonate cemented zones formation mechanism stable carbon and oxygen isotopic top overpressured surface central Junggar Basin coal-bearing strata

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Propagation characteristics of converted refracted wave and its application in static correction of converted wave

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 226-232页

作者： LIU Yang1,2.& WEI XiuCheng3 1 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China University of petroleum,{2. 102.49,China 2.CNPC Geophysical exploration Key Laboratory,China University of petroleum,{2. 102.49,China 3 exploration and Production research institute,sinopec,{2. 100083.China China Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China China Univ Petr CNPC Geophys Explorat Key Lab Beijing 102249 Peoples R China sinopec Explorat & Prod Res Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Three-component seismic exploration through P-wave source and three-component geophone is an effective technique used in complicated reservoir exploration. In three-component seismic exploration data processing,one of the difficulties is static correction of converted wave. This paper analyzes propagation characteristics of non-converted and converted refracted waves,and discovers a favor-able condition for the formation of converted refracted wave,i.e. the velocity of overlaying medium S wave is much lower than that of underlying medium S wave. In addition,the paper proposes the static correction method of converted wave based on PPS converted refracted wave,and processes the real three-component seismic data with better results of static correction of converted wave.

关键词： PPS converted refracted wave converted wave static correction

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Distribution and fractionation mechanism of stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1252-1258页

作者： QIN Shengfei1, TANG Xiuyi2. SONG Yan1 & WANG Hongyan3 1. research institute of {2. exploration and development, PetroChina, beijing 100083. China 2. Anhui Science and Technology College, Huainan 2.2.00, China 3. Langfang Branch, research institute of {2. exploration and development, PetroChina, Langfang 065007, China 1. research institute of {2. exploration and development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China 2. Anhui Science and Technology College Huainan 232000 China 3. Langfang Branch Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang 065007 China

The stable carbon isotope values of coalbed methane range widely, and also are gener- ally lighter than that of gases in normal coal-formed gas fields with similar coal rank. There exists strong carbon isotope fractionation in coalbed methane and it makes the carbon isotope value lighter. The correlation between the carbon isotope value and Ro in coalbed methane is less obvious. The coaly source rock maturity cannot be judged by coalbed methane carbon isotope value. The carbon isotopes of coalbed methane become lighter in much different degree due to the hydrodynamics. The stronger the hydrodynamics is, the lighter the CBM carbon isotopic value becomes. Many previous investigations indicated that the desorption-diffusion effects make the carbon isotope value of coalbed methane lighter. However, the explanation has encountered many problems. The authors of this arti- cle suggest that the flowing groundwater dissolution to free methane in coal seams and the free methane exchange with absorbed one is the carbon isotope fractionation mechanism in coalbed methane. The flowing groundwater in coal can easily take more 13CH4 away from free gas and com- paratively leave more 12.H4. This will make 12.H4 density in free gas comparatively higher than that in absorbed gas. The remaining 12.H4 in free gas then exchanges with the adsorbed methane in coal matrix. Some absorbed 13CH4 can be replaced and become free gas. Some free 12.H4 can be ab- sorbed again into coal matrix and become absorbed gas. Part of the newly replaced 13CH4 in free gas will also be taken away by water, leaving preferentially more 12.H4. The remaining 12.H4 in free gas will exchange again with adsorbed methane in the coal matrix. These processes occur all the time. Through accumulative effect, the 12.H4 will be greatly concentrated in coal. Thus, the stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane becomes dramatically lighter. Through simulation experiment on wa- ter-dissolved methane, it had been proved that the f

关键词： coalbed methane,methane stable carbon isotope,fractionation mechanism,accumulative effect.

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