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Thermal analysis of the baffle structure of the solar Space Telescope

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第9期53卷 1755-1764页

作者： LI Rong1,2,3.& WANG Sen1,3.1 national astronomical {4.,{3. {4. of sciences,Beijing 100012,China 2 Graduate University of {3. {4. of sciences,Beijing 10004.,China 3.key laboratory of solar activity,national astronomical observatories of chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100012,China 1. national astronomical observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China3. Key Laboratory of Solar Activity National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China

The SST(Space solar Telescope) is an astronomical telescope with a primary mirror of 1 m in *** observes the sun with a small view field to ensure that its high spatial resolution imaging has 0.1″-0.15″ and high SNR(signal to noise ratio).Surrounding the small view field is still the sun,which is an intense source of both heat and stray *** baffles(the main baffle,the aperture,and the outer baffle),which are used to eliminate the stray light,will change the thermal flux in the SST and will weaken the effect of the thermal control *** this study,the compatibility analysis of the thermal effect of baffle structures in SST is *** GCF(Geometry Composing Function) and BRDF(Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function),which are two inherent related parameters in the compatibility analysis,are *** objective and method of the compatibility analysis are *** the thermal analysis software,the temperature fields are calculated for different lengths of the main baffle,different radii of apertures,different lengths of the outer baffle with a 3. tilt angle and 16' tilt angle,and different tilt angles of the outer baffle with a 200 mm length.A series of configurations and sizes of the baffles are studied with the goals of both thermal control and elimination of stray *** design of the baffle structure of SST is achieved:the main baffle of length 4.00 mm,the internal shield of radius 4.4.mm,the outer baffle of length 200 mm,and the outer baffle of tilt angle 3. are successfully *** paper presents the relationship between the thermal control design and stray light elimination plan in the *** aims of the optimal design of the baffle structure of SST are *** thoughts and methods of the optimal analysis are also useful for similar optical telescopes designed for solar observation.

关键词： baffle the main baffle the outer baffle GCF BRDF

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What does the Sun tell and hint now?

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第9期9卷 959-965页

作者： Ke-Jun Li1,2 1 national astronomical observatories /Yunnan Observatory,{3. {4. of sciences,Kunming 650011,China 2 key laboratory of solar activity,national astronomical observatories,{3. {4. of sciences,Beijing 100012,China national astronomical observatories/Yunnan Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China key laboratory of solar {3. National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Some historical records, which have held since the beginning of modern solar activity cycles, are being broken by the present Sun： cycle 23.records the longest cycle length and fall time; latitudes of high-latitude sunspots belonging to a new cycle around the minimum time of the cycle are statistically the lowest at present, compared with those of other cycles; there are only one or no sunspots in a month appearing at high latitudes for 58 months, which is the first time that such a long duration has been observed. The solar dynamo is believed to be slowing down due to：（1） the minimum smoothed monthly mean sunspot number is the smallest since cycle 16 onwards, and even probably among all modern solar cycles; and （2） once the time interval between the first observations of two neighboring sunspot groups is larger than 14.d, it should be approximately regarded as an observation of no sunspots on the visible solar disk, called a spotless event. Spotless events occur with the highest frequency around the minimum time of cycle 24. and the longest spotless event also appears around the minimum time for observations of the Sun since cycle 16. Cycle 24.is expected to have the lowest level of sunspot activity from cycle 16 onwards and even probably for all of the modern solar cycles.

关键词： Sun: activity -- Sun: general -- sunspots

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2MASS photometry and age estimation of the globular clusters in the outer halo of M3.

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第2期12卷 115-126页

作者： Jun Ma 1,21 national astronomical observatories,{3. {4. of sciences,Beijing 100012,China 2 key laboratory of Optical Astronomy,national astronomical observatories,{3. {4. of sciences,Beijing 100012,China national astronomical observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China key laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China

We present the first photometric results in J, H and Ks from 2MASS （Two Micron All Sky Survey） imaging of 10 classical globular clusters （GCs） in the far outer regions of M3.. Combined with the V and I photometric data from previous literature, we constructed a color-color diagram between J - Ks and V - Ⅰ. By comparing the integrated photometric measurements with evolutionary models, we estimate the ages of these clusters. The results showed that all of these clusters are older than 3.× 109 yr, and among them four are older than 10 Gyr and the other six have intermediate ages between 3.- 8 Gyr. The masses for these outer-halo GCs are from 7.0 × 104.M to 1.02 × 10^6 M. We argued that GC2 and GC3. whose ages, metallicities and distance moduli are almost the same, were accreted from the same satellite galaxy, if they did not form in situ. The statistical results show that the ages and metallicities of these 10 M3. outer-halo GCs do not vary with projected radial position, and a relationship between age and metallicity does not exist.

关键词： galaxies: halos - galaxies: individual (M3.) - star clusters: general

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Projection Effects on Physical Parameters Obtained from solar Vector Magnetograms

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chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2002年第2期2卷 174-182页

作者： Hui Li Purple Mountain Observatory, chinese academy of sciences, Nanjing 210008 {3. {4. observatories, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100012 Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 []National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012

Projection effects in Huairou solar vector magnetograms are corrected by transferring or mapping the observed vector magnetogram in the image plane to the heliographic plane (planar correction) and to the heliospheric coordinate system (spherical correction). The magnetograms after the correction are considerably dif- ferent. The planar correction and the spherical correction lead to slightly different magnetic configurations, especially when the active region involved is far from the disk center. We also discuss the effects of the corrections on magnetic activity pa- rameters, such as magnetic shear, current helicity, etc. It is shown that the neutral line is obviously distorted after the mapping. The mapping generally decreases the average shear angle on the neutral line by several degrees when the active region is in the eastern hemisphere, and increases it when in the western hemisphere. In most of the cases studied, the correction reduces the current helicity imbalance, and sometimes even changes its sign. It is found that the current helicity imbalance may change its sign in its evolution when there are apparent fluxes emerging from the lower photosphere. The corrections increase the noise level of Bz greatly, and decrease the noise level of B~ slightly. The accuracy of the magnetic field measure- ment at Huairou is estimated to be better than 20 G and 150 G for the longitudinal and the transverse component, respectively.

关键词： Sun: magnetic fields ─Sun: activity ─Sun: photosphere

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A method to predict amplitude and date of maximum sunspot number

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chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第14期45卷 1287-1290页

作者： HAN YanbenBeijing astronomical Observatory, chinese academy of {3., {4. astronomical observatories, chinese academy of {3., Beijing 100012, China Beijing astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

A method to predict the amplitude and date of the maximum sunspot number is introduced. The regression analysis of the relationship between the variation rate of monthly sunspot numbers in the initial stage of solar cycles and both of the maximum and the time-length of ascending period of the cycle showed that they are closely correlative. In general, the maximum will be larger and the ascending period will be shorter when the rate is larger. The rate of sunspot numbers in the initial 2 years of the 23.d cycle is thus analyzed based on these grounds and the maximum of the cycle is predicted. For the smoothed monthly sunspot numbers, the maximum will be about 13..2 ±18.8 and the time-length of ascending period will be about 3.3. ±0.4. years, that is to say, the maximum will appear around the spring of the year 2000. For the mean monthly ones, the maximum will be near 170.1±22.9 and the time-length of ascending period will be about 3.4. ±0.4. years, that is to say, the appearing date of the maximum

关键词： solar activity prediction sunspot number 23.d solar cycle.

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Pulsars in FIRST Observations

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chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2002年第2期2卷 146-150页

作者： Xiang-Hua Li and Jin-Lin Han national astronomical observatories, {3. {4. of sciences, Beijing 100012 national astronomical observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012

We identify 16 pulsars from the Survey of Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm (FIRST) at 1.4.GHz. Their positions and total flux densities are extracted from the FIRST catalog. By comparing the source positions with those in the PSR catalog, we obtain better determined positions of PSR J1022+1001, J1518+4.04. J1652+2651, and proper motion upper limits of PSR J0751+1807, J1012+53.7, and J164.+2224. The proper motions of the other ten pulsars are consistent with the catalog values.

关键词： pulsar: general -stars: neutron

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Wavelet Analysis of the Schwabe Cycle Properties in solar activity

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chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2004年第6期4卷 578-582页

作者： Gui-Ming Lenational astronomical observatories, {3. {4. of sciences, Beijing 100012 Center for Space Science and Applied Research Center, {3. {4. of sciences, Beijing 100080 national astronomical observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 []Center for Space Science and Applied Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080

Properties of the Schwabe cycles in solar activity are investigated by using wavelet transform. We study the main range of the Schwabe cycles of the solar activity recorded by relative sunspot numbers, and find that the main range of the Schwabe cycles is the periodic span from 8-year to 14.year. We make the comparison of 11-year’s phase between relative sunspot numbers and sunspot group numbers. The results show that there is some difference between two phases for the interval from 1710 to 1810, while the two phases are almost the same for the interval from 1810 to 1990.

关键词： sun sunspot sun activity method data analysis

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Formation of solar Delta Active Regions:Twist and Writhe of Magnetic Ropes

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chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2004年第6期4卷 563-577页

作者： Hong-QiZhang nationalastronomicalobservatories ChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100012

We analyze the process of formation of delta configuration in some well-known super active regions based on photospheric vector magnetogram observations. It is found that the magnetic field in the initial developing stage of some delta active regions shows a potential-like configuration in the solar atmosphere, the magnetic shear develops mainly near the magnetic neutral line with magnetic islands of opposite polarities, and the large-scale photospheric twisted field forming gradually later. Some results are obtained: (1) The analysis of magnetic writhe of whole active regions cannot be limited in the strong field of sunspots, because the contribution of the fraction of decayed magnetic field is non-negligible. (2) The magnetic model of kink magnetic ropes, supposed to be generated in the subatmosphere, is not consistent with the evolution of large-scale twisted photospheric transverse magnetic field and not entirely consistent with the relationship with magnetic shear in some delta active regions. (3. The proposition is that the large-scale delta active regions are formed from contribution by small-scale non-potential magnetic flux bundles generated in the subatmosphere.

关键词： sun activity sun flares sun magnetic fields

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Evolution of the Level of Sunspot activity in solar Cycles I. Evolution in the Descending Phase

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chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2006年第3期6卷 354-362页

作者： Jia-Long Wang national astronomical observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012

Taking the 13.point smoothed monthly sunspot number,Ri, and the deviation of the 13.associated monthly sunspot numbers from the smoothed one, Di, as a number-pair describing the global level of sunspot activity, the evolution of the level is statistically studied for the period from the month which is just 4. months before the minimum to the minimum in the descending phase, using the observed data of solar Cycles 10 to 22. Our results show （1） for 4. months （94.） of the studied 4. months it is found that for a given month, the distribution of the 13.pairs which come from the 13.solar cycles on a log Ri - Di plane may be fitted by a straight line with a correlation coefficient larger than the critical one at confidence level a = 5%, and for 3. months （73.） the fitting is even better, for a = 1%; （2） time variations of these two parameters and their correlations in the studied period can be described respectively by functions of time, whose main trends may be expressed by a linear or simple curvilinear function; （3. the evolutionary path of the level of sunspot activity may be represented by a logarithmic function as log/~ = 0.704.lnDi - 0.291.

关键词： Sun - sunspots - active level evolution

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Spectroscopic study of globular clusters in the halo of M3. with the Xinglong 2.16 m telescope

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2011年第11期11卷 1298-1310页

作者： Zhou Fan1,2,Ya-Fang Huang1,2,Jin-Zeng Li1,2,Xu Zhou1,2,Jun Ma1,2,Hong Wu1,2,Tian-Meng Zhang1,2 and Yong-Heng Zhao1,2 1 national astronomical observatories,{3. {4. of sciences,Beijing 100012,China 2 key laboratory of Optical Astronomy,national astronomical observatories,{3. {4. of sciences,Beijing 100012,China national astronomical observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China key laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China

We present spectroscopic observations for 11 confirmed globular clusters(GCs) of M3. with the OMR spectrograph on the 2.16 m telescope at the Xinglong site of national astronomical observatories,{3. {4. of *** of our sample clusters are located in the halo of M3. and the most remote one is out to a projected radius of 78.75 kpc from the galactic *** all our sample clusters,we measured the Lick absorption-line indices and radial *** is noted that most GCs in our sample are distinct from the HI rotation curve of galaxy M3.,especially for B514.MCGC5,H12 and B517,suggesting that most of our sample clusters do not have a kinematic association with the star-forming young disk of the *** separately fitted the absorption line indices from the updated stellar population model of Thomas et *** two different tracks of Cassisi and Padova,by applying the χ2 minimization *** fitting results show that all our sample clusters are older than 10 Gyr,and metal-poor(2.3. ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.91 dex).After merging the spectroscopic metallicity of our work with the previously published ones,we extended the cluster sample out to a projected radius of 117 kpc from the galaxy's *** found the metallicity gradient exists for all the confirmed clusters with a slope of 0.028 ± 0.001 dex kpc ***,the slope turns out to be 0.018 ± 0.001 dex kpc 1 for all the halo clusters,which is much *** we only consider the outer halo clusters with rp > 25 kpc,the slope becomes 0.010 ± 0.002 dex kpc 1 and if one cluster G001 is excluded from the outer halo sample,the slope is 0.004.± 0.002 dex kpc ***,we conclude that the metallicity gradient for M3.'s outer halo clusters is not significant,which agrees well with previous findings.

关键词： galaxies individual(M3.) — galaxies star clusters — globular clusters general — star clusters general

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